功熵与功(火用)

类似于克劳修斯采用由3个等温过程和3个绝热过程组成的可逆热转功循环,建立热向功转换与热量从高温向低温转换的等价定律,并导出克劳修斯等式和熵的方法.本文采用由3个等压过程和3个等容过程组成的可逆功转热循环,建立了功向热转换与功量从高压向低压转换的等价定律,导出了逆循环等式和功熵,并推广至任意可逆的逆循环.系统的体积就是功熵,它是逆循环的核心物理量.类似于(火用)的定义和表达式,定义了新的物理量——功(火用),并借助于逆p-V循环导得了它的表达式.而后阐明了功熵和功(火用)的物理意义,并与热熵和热(火用)的物理意义进行对比.最后介绍了它们在可逆过程性能分析中的应用.

煅损失的构成及其应用分析

(火积)损失是热力学过程中系统(火积)的减少量,它等于流入系统的(火积)流与流出系统的(火积)流之差,也等于(火积)耗散和功(火积)之和。对于传热过程,(火积)损失即为(火积)耗散,为(火积)损失的不可逆部分,反映了热力学第二定律。对于卡诺循环,(火积)损失即为功(火积),具有可逆特性,体现了热力学第一定律。对于包括传热过程和热功转换过程的系统,(火积)损失即包括(火积)耗散也包含功(火积)。(火积)损失的各个组成部分可以通过以热流和温度为横、纵坐标的T-q图上的面积描述。(火积)损失可应用于包含热功转换的过程以优化系统输出功,算例表明在一定条件下最大输出功率和最大(火积)损失率相对应。

Entransy and Exergy Analyses for Optimizations of Heat-Work Conversion with Carnot Cycle

The concept of entransy has been newly proposed in terms of the analogy between heat and electrical conduction and could bc useful in analyzing and optimizing the heat-work conversion systems. This work presents comparative analyses of entransy and exergy for optimizations of heat-work conversion. The work production and heat transfer processes in Carnot cycle system are investigated with the formulations of exergy destruction, entransy loss, work entransy, entransy dissipation, and cfficiencics for both cases of dumping and non-dumping of used source fluid. The effects of source and condensation temperatures on the system performance arc systematically investigated for optimal condition of producing maximum work or work cntransy.