Concussion,or mild traumatic brain injury,incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-lin...Concussion,or mild traumatic brain injury,incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-linear assessments of post-concussion postural control.The current acute evaluation for concussion utilizes the subjective balance error scoring system(BESS) to assess postural control.While the sensitivity of the overall test battery is high,the sensitivity of the BESS is unacceptably low and,with repeat administration,is unable to accurately identify recovery.Sophisticated measures of postural control,utilizing traditional linear assessments,have identified impairments in postural control well beyond BESS recovery.Both assessments of quiet stance and gait have identified lingering impairments for at least 1 month post-concussion.Recently,the application of non-linear metrics to concussion recovery have begun to receive limited attention with the most commonly utilized metric being approximate entropy(Ap En).Ap En,most commonly in the medial-lateral plane,has successfully identified impaired postural control in the acute post-concussion timeframe even when linear assessments of instrumented measures are equivalent to healthy pre-injury values;unfortunately these studies have not gone beyond the acute phase of recovery.One study has identified lingering deficits in postural control,utilizing Shannon and Renyi entropy metrics,which persist at least through clinical recovery and return to participation.Finally,limited evidence from two studies suggest that individuals with a previous history of a single concussion,even months or years prior,may display altered Ap En metrics.Overall,non-linear metrics provide a fertile area for future study to further the understanding of postural control impairments acutely post-concussion and address the current challenge of sensitive identification of recovery.展开更多
The analytic solution of the radial Schrodinger equation is studied by using the tight coupling condition of several positive-power and inverse-power potential functions in this article. Furthermore, the precisely ana...The analytic solution of the radial Schrodinger equation is studied by using the tight coupling condition of several positive-power and inverse-power potential functions in this article. Furthermore, the precisely analytic solutions and the conditions that decide the existence of analytic solution have been searched when the potential of the radial Schrodinger equation is V（r） =α1r^8 ＋α2r^3 ＋ α3r^2 ＋β3r^-1 ＋β2r^-3 ＋β1r6-4. Generally speaking, there is only an approximate solution, but not analytic solution for SchrSdinger equation with several potentials＇ superposition. However, the conditions that decide the existence of analytic solution have been found and the analytic solution and its energy level structure are obtained for the Schrodinger equation with the potential which is motioned above in this paper. According to the single-value, finite and continuous standard of wave function in a quantum system, the authors firstly solve the asymptotic solution through the radial coordinate r → ∞ and r →0; secondly, they make the asymptotic solutions combining with the series solutions nearby the neighborhood of irregular singularities; and then they compare the power series coefficients, deduce a series of analytic solutions of the stationary state wave function and corresponding energy level structure by tight coupling among the coefficients of potential functions for the radial SchrSdinger equation; and lastly, they discuss the solutions and make conclusions.展开更多
The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that rev...The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that revolutionize way in which healthcare institutions interact with their patients, as well as deliver and manage medical services. Internet-based healthcare is application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of healthcare functions. It covers everything from electronic prescriptions and computerized medical records to the use of new systems and services that cut waiting times and reduces data errors. Development and implementation of web-enabled communication, patient services and other e-health initiatives are increasingly important to maintaining competitive advantage and to compete for market share. More importantly, value added for patients by facilitating access to information and resources is expected to improve quality of services, speed of treatment and potentially to rationalize management of administrative processes. However, introductions of such e-healthcare services into market can be successful on condition that customers will recognize all these advantages and have trust in organizations provide theses e-services. In this paper authors will concentrate on customer trust as key factor determining success of e-healthcare. The purpose of this study will determine character and power of trust placed by customers in e-healthcare, and to identify factors influencing customers trust to e-healthcare. Authors have ventured thesis that customer trust to e-healthcare is high as consequence of even higher customer satisfaction with traditional healthcare services and great customer trust in traditional healthcare institutions.展开更多
文摘Concussion,or mild traumatic brain injury,incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-linear assessments of post-concussion postural control.The current acute evaluation for concussion utilizes the subjective balance error scoring system(BESS) to assess postural control.While the sensitivity of the overall test battery is high,the sensitivity of the BESS is unacceptably low and,with repeat administration,is unable to accurately identify recovery.Sophisticated measures of postural control,utilizing traditional linear assessments,have identified impairments in postural control well beyond BESS recovery.Both assessments of quiet stance and gait have identified lingering impairments for at least 1 month post-concussion.Recently,the application of non-linear metrics to concussion recovery have begun to receive limited attention with the most commonly utilized metric being approximate entropy(Ap En).Ap En,most commonly in the medial-lateral plane,has successfully identified impaired postural control in the acute post-concussion timeframe even when linear assessments of instrumented measures are equivalent to healthy pre-injury values;unfortunately these studies have not gone beyond the acute phase of recovery.One study has identified lingering deficits in postural control,utilizing Shannon and Renyi entropy metrics,which persist at least through clinical recovery and return to participation.Finally,limited evidence from two studies suggest that individuals with a previous history of a single concussion,even months or years prior,may display altered Ap En metrics.Overall,non-linear metrics provide a fertile area for future study to further the understanding of postural control impairments acutely post-concussion and address the current challenge of sensitive identification of recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10575140the Basic Research of Chongqing Education Committee under Grant No.KJ060813
文摘The analytic solution of the radial Schrodinger equation is studied by using the tight coupling condition of several positive-power and inverse-power potential functions in this article. Furthermore, the precisely analytic solutions and the conditions that decide the existence of analytic solution have been searched when the potential of the radial Schrodinger equation is V（r） =α1r^8 ＋α2r^3 ＋ α3r^2 ＋β3r^-1 ＋β2r^-3 ＋β1r6-4. Generally speaking, there is only an approximate solution, but not analytic solution for SchrSdinger equation with several potentials＇ superposition. However, the conditions that decide the existence of analytic solution have been found and the analytic solution and its energy level structure are obtained for the Schrodinger equation with the potential which is motioned above in this paper. According to the single-value, finite and continuous standard of wave function in a quantum system, the authors firstly solve the asymptotic solution through the radial coordinate r → ∞ and r →0; secondly, they make the asymptotic solutions combining with the series solutions nearby the neighborhood of irregular singularities; and then they compare the power series coefficients, deduce a series of analytic solutions of the stationary state wave function and corresponding energy level structure by tight coupling among the coefficients of potential functions for the radial SchrSdinger equation; and lastly, they discuss the solutions and make conclusions.
文摘The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that revolutionize way in which healthcare institutions interact with their patients, as well as deliver and manage medical services. Internet-based healthcare is application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of healthcare functions. It covers everything from electronic prescriptions and computerized medical records to the use of new systems and services that cut waiting times and reduces data errors. Development and implementation of web-enabled communication, patient services and other e-health initiatives are increasingly important to maintaining competitive advantage and to compete for market share. More importantly, value added for patients by facilitating access to information and resources is expected to improve quality of services, speed of treatment and potentially to rationalize management of administrative processes. However, introductions of such e-healthcare services into market can be successful on condition that customers will recognize all these advantages and have trust in organizations provide theses e-services. In this paper authors will concentrate on customer trust as key factor determining success of e-healthcare. The purpose of this study will determine character and power of trust placed by customers in e-healthcare, and to identify factors influencing customers trust to e-healthcare. Authors have ventured thesis that customer trust to e-healthcare is high as consequence of even higher customer satisfaction with traditional healthcare services and great customer trust in traditional healthcare institutions.
