设计前后 解读“苏泉苑”茶室

文章记述了童明设计"苏泉苑"茶室的过程。通过还原设计开始前、后的设计工作,阐释了诸如"多米诺"体系和双层立面等通过某种先在的策略来逐步针对问题深入的设计方法,并展开了对诸如无限创新、结局的未知性等问题的反思。

Quality of life and psychological outcome of donors after living donor liver transplantation

AIM: To investigate the health related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological outcome of donors after living donor liver transplantation. METHODS: Participants were 92 consecutive liver transplant donors who underwent hepatectomy with- out middle hepatic vein at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2007 and Sep- tember 2010. HRQoL was measured using the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), and psychological symptoms were measured using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data collected from donors were compared to previ- ously published data from the general population. Clin- ical and demographic data were collected from medical records and questionnaires.RESULTS: The general health score of the SF-36 was significantly lower in females (59.78 ± 12.25) than in males (75.83 ± 22.09). Donors more than 40 years old scored higher in social functioning (85.71 ± 14.59) and mental health (82.61 ± 20.00) than those younger than 40 (75.00 ± 12.13, 68.89 ± 12.98; social func- tioning and mental health, respectively). Donors who had surgery more than two years prior to the study scored highest in physical functioning (P = 0.001) and bodily pain (P = 0.042) while those less than one year from surgery scored lowest. The health of the liver recipient significantly influenced the general health (P = 0.042), social functioning (P = 0.010), and role- emotional (P = 0.028) of donors. Donors with full-time employment scored highest in role-physical (P = 0.005), vitality (P = 0.001), social functioning (P = 0.016), mental health (P < 0.001), the physical component summary scale (P < 0.001), and the mental compo- nent summary scale (MCS) (P < 0.001). Psychological measures indicated that donors were healthier than the general population in obsessive-compulsive behav- ior, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, and para- noid ideation. The MCS of the SF-36 was significantly correlated with most symptom scores of the SCL-90-R. CONCLUSION: HRQoL and psychological outcome were favorable in living liver transplant donors after donation. Specifically, gender, age, time since opera- tion, recipient health condition, and employment after donation, influenced postoperative quality of life.

Estimation of the Maximum Allowable Loading Amount of COD in Luoyuan Bay by a 3-D COD Transport and Transformation Model

The rapid economic and social developments in the Luoyuan and Lianjiang counties of Fujian Province,China,raise certain environment and ecosystem issues.The unusual phytoplankton bloom and eutrophication,for example,have increased in severity in Luoyuan Bay （LB）.The constant increase of nutrient loads has largely caused the environmental degradation in LB.Several countermeasures have been implemented to solve these environmental problems.The most effective of these strategies is the reduction of pollutant loadings into the sea in accordance with total pollutant load control （TPLC） plans.A combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport-transformation model was constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand （COD）.The allowed maximum loadings for each discharge unit in LB were calculated with applicable simulation results.The simulation results indicated that the environmental capacity of COD is approximately 11×l0^4tyear^-1 when the water quality complies with the marine functional zoning standards for LB.A pollutant reduction scheme to diminish the present levels of mariculture-and domestic-based COD loadings is based on the estimated marine COD environmental capacity.The obtained values imply that the LB waters could comply with the targeted water quality criteria.To meet the revised marine functional zoning standards,discharge loadings from discharge units 1 and 11 should be reduced to 996 and 3236t year^-1,respectively.

Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight-Chitosan on the AdenineInduced Chronic Renal Failure Rats in vitro and in vivo

The effects of low-molecular-weight-chitosan （LMWC） on chronic renal failure （CRF） rats induced by adenine were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Chitosan were hydrolyzed using chitosanase at pH 6-7 and 37℃ for 24h to obtain LMWC. In vitro, the effect of LMWC on the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells （RTEC） showed that it had no cytotoxic effect and could promote cell growtfi. For the in vivo experiment, chronic renal failure rats induced by adenine were randomly divided into control group, Niaoduqing group, and high-, medium- and low-dose LMWC groups. For each group, we detected serum creatinine （SCR）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）, glutathione oxidase （GSH-Px） activities of renal tissue, and obtained the ratio of kidney weight/body weight, pathological changes of kidney. The levels of serum SCR, BUN were higher in the adenine-induced rats than those in the control group, indicating that the rat chronic renal failure model worked successfully. The re- suits after treatment showed that LMWC could reduce the SCR and BUN levels and enhance the activities/levels of T-SOD and GSH-PX in kidney compared to control group. Histopathological examination revealed that adenine-induced renal alterations were restored by LMWC at three tested dosages, especially at the low dosage of 100mgkg-1 d-1.

IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN ISLET FUNCTION BY ADENO-VIRUS MEDIATED HO-1 GENE TRANSFER

Objective To investigate in vitro heme oxygenase-1 gene (HO-1) delivery to human pancreatic islets by adenovirus vectors. Methods Recombinant adenovirus containing HO-1 or enhanced green fluorescent protein gene(EGFP) was generated by using the AdEasy System. The purified human pancreatic islets were infected with recombinant adenovirus vectors at various multiplicity of infection (MOI). Transduction was confirmed by fluorescence photographs and Western blot. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was detected by using Human insulin radioimmunoassay kits and was used to assess the function of human islets infected by recombinant adenovirus.Results Viral titers of Ad-hHO-1 and Ad-EGFP were 1.96×109 and 1.99×109 pfu/mL, respectively. Human pancreatic islets were efficiently infected by recombinant adenovirus vectors in vitro. Transfection of human islets at an MOI of 20 did not inhibit islet function. Recombinant adenovirus mediated HO-1gene transfer significantly improved the islet function of insulin release when simulated by high level glucose. Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus is efficient to deliver exogenous gene into human pancreatic islets in vitro. HO-1 gene transfection can improve human islet function.

Eukaryotic Promoter Recognition Using Back propagation Neural Network

A new system is developed to recognize promoter sequences from non promoter sequences based on position weight matrix and backpropagation neural network in this paper. The system performs significantly better on the training set and the test set, the mean recognition rate is as high as 99% on the training set and 97% on the testing set. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system to recognize the promoter sequences that have been trained and the promoter sequences that have not been seen previously.

Supercapacitors and Battery Energy Management Based on New European Driving Cycle

This paper presents a new strategy of embedded energy management between battery and supercapacitors （SC） for hybrid electric vehicles （HEV） applications. This proposal is due to the present trend in the field, knowing that the major drawback of the HEV is the autonomy problem. Thus, using supercapacitors and battery with a good energy management improves the HEV performances. The main contribution of this paper is focused on DC-bus voltage and currents control strategies based on polynomial controller. These strategies are implemented in PICI8F4431 microcontroller for DC/DC converters control. Due to reasons of cost and available components （no optimized）, such as the battery and power semiconductors （IGBT）, the experimental tests are carried out in reduced scale （2.7 kW）. Through some simulations and experimental results obtained in reduced scale, the authors present an improved energy management strategy for HEV.

A New Approach for the Health Assessment of River Systems Based on Interconnected Water System Networks

Interconnected river system networks is a national water conservancy strategy in China and focus of research. Here we discuss the classification system, material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes, various dynamic flows and ecological functions of river-lake interconnected relationships. We then propose a novel method for the health assessment of river systems based on interconnected water system networks. In a healthy river system there is ＂material and energy exchange＂ and it is the first and foremost relationship of material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes. There are unobstructed various ＂flows＂ between rivers and lakes including material flows （water, dissolved substances, sediments, organisms and contaminants）, energy flows （water levels, flow and flow velocity）, information flows （information generated with water flows, organisms and human activities） and value flows （shipping, power generation, drinking and irrigation）. Under the influences of na- ture and human activity, various flows are connected by river-lake interconnection to carry material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes to achieve river-lake interactions. The material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes become one of the approaches and the direct driving forces of changes in river-lake interconnected relationships. The benignant changes in river-lake interconnected relationship tend to be in relatively steady state and in ideal dynamic balance.