Kenneth Burke＇s rhetoric on language as a symbolic action offers an enlightening perspective for revealing the connection between the motivations and actions of the characters in Thomas Kyd＇s The Spanish Tragedy. Th...Kenneth Burke＇s rhetoric on language as a symbolic action offers an enlightening perspective for revealing the connection between the motivations and actions of the characters in Thomas Kyd＇s The Spanish Tragedy. This work is a Renaissance drama that features hues of rhetorical language. Linguistic obfuscation, scapegoat mechanism, and the malfunction and dysfunction of language in victimization and revenge are thrown into relief through Burke＇s elaborate system of the symbolism of language. Analyzing the discursive performances of the main characters, readers could get clues of their motives that drive their actions, which are both a representation and an illustration of how language as a symbolic action works in literature展开更多
Objective: To study the changes of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i), and the protective effect of EAAs receptor antagonists in the tissues of rabbit lumbar spinal cord after 40 minue...Objective: To study the changes of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i), and the protective effect of EAAs receptor antagonists in the tissues of rabbit lumbar spinal cord after 40 minues ischemia and 4 hours reperfusion. Methods: Thirty healthy rabbits were divided into six groups: sham operation, 40 minues ischemia,4 hour reperfusion, ketamine and MgSO 4 treatment, ketamine treatment, and saline treatment groups. The contents of EAAs (glutamate and aspartate) and [Ca 2+ ] i were measured. Results: The contents of glutamate and aspartate were decreased to 15.18 μmol/g± 2.33 μmol/g and 9.99 μmol/g ± 0.69 μmol/g, respectively; 13.75 μmol/g± 2.58 μmol/g and 6.49 μmol/g± 1.39 umol/g after reperfusion. In the ischemia group, the [Ca 2+ ]i was elevated to 221.2 μg/g ± 4.27 μg/g, and elevated further to 298.3 μg/g± 9.26 μg/g after reperfusion, being significantly higher than that of ischemia and control groups. Ketamine could obviously increase the level of glutamate and aspartate and decrease the level of [Ca 2+ ]i during the ischemia and reperfusion injury. Conclusions: The excitotoxicity of EAAs and the overload of calcium induced by EAAs play a harmful role in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ketamine has an effective inhibitory effect.展开更多
文摘Kenneth Burke＇s rhetoric on language as a symbolic action offers an enlightening perspective for revealing the connection between the motivations and actions of the characters in Thomas Kyd＇s The Spanish Tragedy. This work is a Renaissance drama that features hues of rhetorical language. Linguistic obfuscation, scapegoat mechanism, and the malfunction and dysfunction of language in victimization and revenge are thrown into relief through Burke＇s elaborate system of the symbolism of language. Analyzing the discursive performances of the main characters, readers could get clues of their motives that drive their actions, which are both a representation and an illustration of how language as a symbolic action works in literature
文摘Objective: To study the changes of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i), and the protective effect of EAAs receptor antagonists in the tissues of rabbit lumbar spinal cord after 40 minues ischemia and 4 hours reperfusion. Methods: Thirty healthy rabbits were divided into six groups: sham operation, 40 minues ischemia,4 hour reperfusion, ketamine and MgSO 4 treatment, ketamine treatment, and saline treatment groups. The contents of EAAs (glutamate and aspartate) and [Ca 2+ ] i were measured. Results: The contents of glutamate and aspartate were decreased to 15.18 μmol/g± 2.33 μmol/g and 9.99 μmol/g ± 0.69 μmol/g, respectively; 13.75 μmol/g± 2.58 μmol/g and 6.49 μmol/g± 1.39 umol/g after reperfusion. In the ischemia group, the [Ca 2+ ]i was elevated to 221.2 μg/g ± 4.27 μg/g, and elevated further to 298.3 μg/g± 9.26 μg/g after reperfusion, being significantly higher than that of ischemia and control groups. Ketamine could obviously increase the level of glutamate and aspartate and decrease the level of [Ca 2+ ]i during the ischemia and reperfusion injury. Conclusions: The excitotoxicity of EAAs and the overload of calcium induced by EAAs play a harmful role in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ketamine has an effective inhibitory effect.
