特低渗油藏功能性水驱技术现场应用效果

J油田特低渗W区块C6油藏历经27年开发,目前已进入中高含水率开发阶段,随着采出程度的增加,平面水驱波及半径大,剩余油动用难度加大,纵向剩余油呈薄互层分布,有效动用难度大,岩心观察结果表明,该区长6储层纵向水驱受物性控制明显,剖面水洗程度为77.2%,以中-弱水洗为主,其中,中水洗占42.7%,未水洗占22.8%。功能性水驱技术由离子匹配水驱技术和分散体系驱油技术结合而成,集合作用促进了单项技术优势的发挥,实现1+1>2的效果,因此,2018年在室内研究的基础上,开展了现场试验,通过现场试验效果表明,在改善水驱、扩大水驱波及体积,提高采收率效果明显,且现场试验安全顺利进行,具有较好的技术适应性。本文重点从功能性水驱机理入手,综合分析功能性水驱试验不同体系的效果,评价特低渗油藏功能性水驱技术的适应性和推广应用前景,进一步完善丰富特低渗油藏提高采收率稳产技术体系。

功能性水驱不同试验阶段见效特征分析

五里湾长6油藏为特低渗透油藏,由于长期的注水开发,目前进入中高含水开发阶段,注采两端已经形成了高渗通道,注入水沿着高渗透条带到达采油井被采出,形成了大量的无效注水循环。针对油藏水驱状况日益复杂,控水稳油形势严峻,剩余油挖潜难等众多重大难点,2018年10月在五里湾区长6油藏开展了8注36采的功能性水驱试验,截至目前,实现了离子匹配体系35个月平稳注入,自2020年11月完成4口井微泡发生装置的井口安装,实现4注19采气液微分散体系的注入,成为国内首个实现气液微分散体系规模稳定注入区块,目前已经取得较好的初步效果。本文在机理分析的基础上,对比不同注入阶段的注采两端动态变化和动态监测资料,总结出不同注入阶段的见效特征和关键影响因素,为后续扩大规模注入和特低渗油藏后期开发提供依据和参考。

功能性水与食品加工

近来,在饮料市场上,出现了许多陌生的水,其名目之繁多、内容之奇妙可谓前所未有,水在这方面引起的轰动之大由此可见一斑。国外甚至成立了功能性水研究会,开始了划时代的水研究工程。 研究发现,水分子团越小,活性越大,这种水喝起来也越好喝;同样地,水分子团越大,活性越小,水就越不好喝。许多研究还表明,食品的发酵、熟成、风味也与水的构造,以及这些溶质与水构造的结合状态有密切的关系。 活化水或称磁化水惊人的生理功能已有大量的实验证明。英、日、美、苏等国在这方面取得的成果较多。这种对生命生理功能的促进作用。

功能性水制造装置

功能性水也称强酸化水、超酸化水或强碱性水等,它是利用水在电磁处理下,可以发生电解的原理制成的。电解时,将容器的两特殊电极之间用特殊隔膜分开,分别在阳极和阴极会产生强酸化水和强碱性水。

水的功能和利用

从食品成分角度论述了近期对水的研究进展。水分子的特殊构造、水分子团的存在与人的生命和生理息息相关。笔者关于电生功能水的研究表明，功能性水大有开发前景。

瓶装饮用水生产的现状及发展趋势

简要概括了我国饮用水工业生产的发展过程，介绍了瓶装饮用水生产的现状及存在的主要问题。着重以水的生理生化功能特点为切入点，引入了功能水的概念，介绍了功能水的性质及对人体的保健作用，并对饮用水工业化生产的发展趋势进行了展望。

你分得清瓶子里是什么水吗?

磁化水、离子水、碱性钙离子水……随着人们生活水平的日益提升,消费者对饮用水的要求也越来越高,饮用水也逐渐变得多元化,如今市面上名目繁杂的各类功能性水令人眼花缭乱。在记者调查的十几种水中,这些名目繁多的瓶装水背后,价格差距甚至高达十几倍,究竟几元的瓶装水实在平平无奇,还是几十元的"高端水"确实胜人一筹?你分得清瓶子里是什么水吗?

飞兆半导体积极扩展手机应用市场

飞兆半导体公司宣布，该公司业已增强对于移动手机市场的投入，在公司成功的半导体解决方案上，提供新的功能性水平，以帮助客户实现便携设计差异化。

飞兆半导体积极扩展手机应用市场

功率半导体领导厂商飞兆半导体公司（Fairchildr）宣布,该公司业已增强对于移动手机市场的投入,在公司成功的半导体解决方案上,提供新的功能性水平,以帮助客户实现便携设计差异化。飞兆半导体创建出可与移动设备中芯片组相辅相成的专用功能半导体产品,

Hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS) is defined as a functional renal failure in patients with liver disease with portal hypertension and it constitutes the climax of systemic circulatory changes associated with portal hypertension.This term refers to a precisely specified syndrome featuring in particular morphologically intact kidneys,where regulatory mechanisms have minimised glomerular filtration and maximised tubular resorption and urine concentration,which ultimately results in uraemia.The syndrome occurs almost exclusively in patients with ascites.Type 1 HRS develops as a consequence of a severe reduction of effective circulating volume due to both an extreme splanchnic arterial vasodilatation and a reduction of cardiac output.Type 2 HRS is characterised by a stable or slowly progressive renal failure so that its main clinical consequence is not acute renal failure,but refractory ascites,and its impact on prognosis is less negative.Liver transplantation is the most appropriate therapeutic method,nevertheless,only a few patients can receive it.The most suitable "bridge treatments" or treatment for patients ineligible for a liver transplant include terlipressin plus albumin.Terlipressin is at an initial dose of 0.5-1 mg every 4 h by intravenous bolus to 3 mg every 4 h in cases when there is no response.Renal function recovery can be achieved in less than 50% of patients and a considerable decrease in renal function may reoccur even in patients who have been responding to therapy over the short term.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt plays only a marginal role in the treatment of HRS.

Controllable synthesis of a self-assembled ultralow Ru,Ni-doped Fe_(2)O_(3) lily as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for large-current-density alkaline seawater electrolysis

Highly efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts that can be used for large-current-density electrolysis of alkaline seawater are highly desirable for carbon-neutral economies,but their facile and controllable synthesis remains a challenge.Here,self-assembled ultralow Ru,Ni-doped Fe_(2)O_(3) with a lily shaped morphology was synthesized on iron foam(RuNi-Fe_(2)O_(3)/IF)via a facile one-step hydrothermal process,in which the intact lily shaped RuNi-Fe_(2)O_(3)/IF was obtained by adjusting the ratio of Ru/Ni.Benefitting from the Ru/Ni chemical substitution,the as-synthesized RuNi-Fe_(2)O_(3)/IF can act as free-standing dual-function electrodes that are applied to electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution(HER)and oxygen evolution reactions(OER)in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH,requiring an overpotential of 75.0 mV to drive 100 mA cm^(-2) for HER and 329.0 mV for OER.Moreover,the overall water splitting catalyzed by RuNi-Fe_(2)O_(3)/IF only demands ultralow cell voltages of 1.66 and 1.73 V to drive 100 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH and 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH seawater electrolytes,respectively.The electrodes show remarkable long-term durability,maintaining current densities exceeding 100 mA cm^(-2) for more than 100 h and thus outperforming the two-electrode system composed of noble catalysts.This work provides an efficient,economical method to synthesize self-standing bifunctional electrodes for large-current-density alkaline seawater electrolysis,which is of significant importance for ecological protection and energy exploitation.

Effect of Some Processing Variables on the Quality Attributes of Yam Flour

The effect of varied processing variables （yam slice thickness, drying temperatures and type of drying） were investigated to determine their effects on the proximate and some functional properties of yam flour. The yam flour was produced with different slice thickness of 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 5 cm using both conventional sun drying method and oven drying at temperatures; 40 ~C, 50 ~C, 60 ~C and 70 ~C. The moisture content of all the yam flour samples increased with increasing yam slice thickness, with the samples sun dried having the lowest values （6.20%-6.87%） followed by those dried at 70 ~C and then 60 ~C. The protein content of the yam flour samples increased with increase in slice thickness and decreased with increase in drying temperatures while the fat and the crude fibre of all the yam flour samples decreased with increase in slice thickness. The water absorption capacity of the sun dried yam flour samples decreased with increase in slice thickness while the syneresis value, bulk density and the gel strength increased with increase in slice thickness for all drying temperatures and for sun dried yam flour samples but smaller slice thickness had higher swelling capacity.

Effects of Collagen Peptide from Cyanea nozakii on Mouse Immune Function

[Objective ] The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of collagen peptide from Cyanea nozakii. [ Method] After acute toxicity test on mice, collagen peptide from C. nozakii were given to mice by continuous intragastric administration for 30 d at the doses of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, and then the phagocytosis of macrophage, delayed type hypersensitivity （DTH） and serum hemolysin level were determined. [ Result] Collagen peptide from C. nozakii was atoxic or low toxic, and the three immune indices of experimental groups were signifi- canUy higher than those of the control group （treated with same volume of normal saline） at 0.05 or 0.01 level. E Conclusion] Collagen peptide from C. nozakii has a certain immunopotentiation.

Exercise training and antioxidant supplementation independently improve cognitive function in adult male and female GFAP-APOE mice

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine if antioxidant supplementation, moderate exercise, and the combination of both treatments could ameliorate cognitive performance in adult mice and whether the apolipoprotein E （APOE） genotype as well as sex could influence the functional outcomes of the treatments. Methods： For a period of 16 weeks, separate groups of male and female mice expressing either the human APOE3 or APOE4 isoforms were fed either a control diet （NIH-31） or the control diet supplemented with vitamins E and C （1.12 IU/g diet a-tocopheryl acetate and 1.65 mg/g ascorbic acid）. The mice were further separated into a sedentary group or a group that followed a daily exercise regimen. After 8 weeks on the treatments, the mice were administered a battery of functional tests including tests to measure cognitive and affective function. Results： There was no effect of genotype or treatment on the learning performance in the Morris water maze. In the discriminated avoidance task, APOE4 mice performed better in learning the discrimination component of the task. Overall, exercise improved performance of APOE4 and APOE3 mice on various aspects of the active avoidance task. Antioxidant supplementation improved performance only in the APOE4 mice. On the test for anxiety, APOE4 mice spent more time in the open arms and supplementation with antioxidant reversed that effect. Conclusion： Exercise was the most effective treatment at improving cognitive function in both genotypes and sex, while antioxidants seemed to be effective only in the APOE4. In young adult mice only non-spatial learning and memory were improved. The combination of the two treatments did not yield further improvement in cognition, and there was no antagonistic action of the antioxidant supplementation on the beneficial effects of exercise.

A Comparative Study on the Nonspecific Immunity of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei ever Inhabiting Freshwater and Seawater

A study on the nonspecific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei ever inhabiting freshwater and seawater was carried out at different molt stages by comparing their total hemocyte count(THC) and respiratory burst(RB) and activity of phenol oxidase(PO), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and lysozyme(LY). Two-way ANOVA showed that salinity and molt stage independently affected THC and RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei significantly(P < 0.05). The THC and RB and the activity of NOS gradually increased from the post-molt stages(A and B) to the pre-molt stages(D0–D3), which were common in shrimps inhabiting freshwater and seawater. The activity of PO peaked at the inter-molt stage(C), and touched the lowest at the post-molt stage in freshwater and pre-molt stage in seawater. The activity of LY was stable over the molt cycle. The RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei were significantly lower in freshwater than in seawater; whereas THC was significantly higher in freshwater than in seawater(P < 0.05). It was concluded that the post-molt stage(especially stage A) was critical to shrimp culture, which should be intensively attended when L. vannamei was cultured in freshwater.

Parameter Test and Analysis for Dynamic Compensation Devices in Wind Power Farms

The dynamic reactive power compensation equipment in Jiuquan Wind Power Base of above 10 GW consists of three different types of compensation devices, including： static var generator （SVG）, thyristor controlled compensator （TGR） and magnetically controlled reactor （MGR）. The lack of experimental verification of performance is not conducive to voltage/var management or full utilization of device capaci- ties. In order to solve the above problems, the compensation device performance test was performed. The test items and procedures were selected based on related national standards with the consideration for different grid structures and wind farm operation modes. The testing contents included dynamic regulating range, active power loss, dynamic response time, and harmonic voltage level. Three types of compensation devices installed in different wind farms, namely SVG, TCR and MCR, were chosen and tested. The performances were compared and analyzed according to the field test results.

九千杯：打造国内解酒第一品牌

九千杯姜黄草本醒酒糖果有巨大优势九千杯姜黄草本醒酒糖果是我国首个水果糖剂型的解酒护肝产品（专利申请号：200710052755．6），在同行业里具有巨大优势。●起效快、不伤身 几千杯姜黄草本醒酒糖果是一种功能性水果糖，同普通糖果有着本质区别。普通糖果主要原料是自砂糖、木糖醇及营养强化剂组成，而九干杯姜黄草本醒酒糖果是由进口发酵姜黄、甘油、蜜蜂、葡萄籽提取物、葛根、金银花、VC、B6等原料和有可直接分解乙醇的乙醇脱氢酶、乙醛脱氢酶精制而成。

A buried Neolithic paddy soil reveals loss of microbial functional diversity after modern rice cultivation

It has been documented that human activities are causing the rapid loss of taxonomic, phylogenetic, genetic and functional diversity in soils. However, it remains unclear how modern intensive rice cultivation impacts the soil microbiome and its functionality. Here we examined the microbial composition and function differences between a buried Neolithic paddy soil and an adjacent, currently-cultivated paddy soil using high throughput metagenomics technologies. Our results showed that the currently cultivated soil contained about 10-fold more microbial biomass than the buried one. Analyses based on both 16S rRNA genes and functional gene array showed that the currently cultivated soil had significantly higher phylogenetic diversity, but less functional diversity than the buried Neolithic one. The community structures were significantly different between modern and ancient soils, with functional structure shifting towards accelerated organic carbon （C） degradation and nitrogen （N） transfor- mation in the modem soils. This study implies that, modern intensive rice cultivation has substantially altered soil microbial functional structure, leading to functional homogenization and the promotion of soil ecological functions related to the acceleration of nutrient cycling which is necessary for high crop yields.

Contribution of plant traits to the explanation of temporal variations in carbon and water fluxes in semiarid grassland patches

Aims Accurate prediction of spatiotemporal variations in carbon and water fluxes of heterogeneous landscape is critical to comprehensively address the effects of climate change and vegetation dynamics on landscape and regional carbon and water cycling.Methods A field study was conducted to characterize the seasonal variations in gas fluxes and explore their relationships with abiotic and biotic factors in a small grassland landscape.Daytime carbon and water fluxes including net ecosystem exchange,gross ecosystem productivity,ecosystem respiration and evapotranspiration(ET)were measured for three types of grassland patches over a growing season using the closed chamber method.The key plant trait variables were measured,based on which community weighted mean(CWM)and functional variance(FDvar)were calculated.Important Findings The results showed that the temporal variations in the carbon and water fluxes were regulated by meteorological,soil and community functional variables.Inclusion of the CWM and FDvar of plant trait measures greatly improved the degree of explanation of the predict models.Specific leaf area and leafδ^(13)C content(Lδ^(13)C)were the most important trait variables in affecting the variations of the gas fluxes.CWMs indices had greater importance than FDvar indices in predicting the variation of the C fluxes but FDvar indices were more important for ET than C fluxes.Our findings demonstrated that mass ratio hypothesis and the complementary effects hypothesis are not mutually exclusive but have different relative importance for different ecosystem processes.Community functional traits played important roles in predicting the spatiotemporal variations of carbon and water fluxes in semiarid grassland.

A water-stable fcu-MOF material with exposed amino groups for the multi-functional separation of small molecules

The energy-efficient purification of methane from C2-hydrocarbons is of great significance for the upgrading of natural gas. So does the capture of carbon dioxide for remission of greenhouse effect. It is well established that some functional sites, such as open metals sites, Lewis basic nitrogen sites and fluorine groups, have shown significantly enhanced affinity toward more polarizable molecules. Thus, a water-stable Eu3+-based fcu-metal-organic framework(MOF)(compound 1) with amino functional groups has been successfully constructed through a reticular chemistry approach.As a result, the activated compound 1 exhibits moderately high uptakes of C2-hydrocarbons, but a less obvious adsorption of CH4 at the same conditions. Among them, the adsorption capacity of C2 H2 is up to 143.6 cm3 cm-3 and a relatively high selectivity of C2 H2/CH4(107.7) is obtained at near room temperature. Moreover, compound 1 is also validated as an exceptional adsorbent for CO2 capture, with the fairly high capacity of CO2(92.6 cm3 cm-3) and CO2/N2 selectivity(151.7) at ambient conditions. The excellent performance of compound 1 is mainly driven by the exposed amino functional groups within the contracted pores. Such effect thus leads to the achievement of dual-functional platform for methane purification and carbon dioxide capture. Furthermore, compound 1 features a satisfactory water stability,which is confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD)analysis and the retest of porosity after being soaked in water.