The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of rece...The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of recently published literature regarding the life cycle assessment(LCA)of these binders.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a systematic literature review of globally published literature on the topic.This paper consolidates knowledge by searching different databases,focusing on LCA studies that used AAMs as pastes,mortars,concretes,bricks,and rammed earth/soil blocks.The selected articles were reviewed and categorized based on precursors,alkaline activators,functional units,system boundaries,life cycle inventory databases,allocation,impact methodologies,and software used.Additionally,this paper also critically analyzes the key challenges of LCA for AAMs.The major challenges were identified as selecting a functional unit,subjectivity in boundary systems,and data interpretation.This work concludes that AAMs show substantial advantages in global warming potential compared to ordinary Portland cement-based materials;however,the average of other categories such as marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion has been reported to be higher than for the reference samples.展开更多
It is urgent to develop low-cost but efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts for the emerging clean energy devices of fuel cells based on proton exchange membrane.Herein,we report a facile method to covert t...It is urgent to develop low-cost but efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts for the emerging clean energy devices of fuel cells based on proton exchange membrane.Herein,we report a facile method to covert the biomass of black fungus into an efficient ORR catalyst.The black fungus undergoes hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes to transform into carbon-based materials.The as-obtained BF-N-950 catalyst shows prominent ORR catalytic activities in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes with a half-wave potential reaching 0.77 and 0.91 V,respectively.A membrane electrolyte assembly was fabricated with the as-obtained BF-N-950 as the cathode catalyst which shows a high peak power density of255 mW cm^-2.The study shows the potential of converting conventional biomass into low-cost ORR catalyst,which is promising for the fuel cell technology.展开更多
基金supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation,International Climate Protection Fellowship(Ref 3.5—1157991-IRN-IKS)This financial support is gratefully appreciated by Morteza Nikravan.Rafia Firdous and Dietmar Stephan highly acknowledge Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie(BMWi)for funding number 16KN046744.
文摘The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of recently published literature regarding the life cycle assessment(LCA)of these binders.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a systematic literature review of globally published literature on the topic.This paper consolidates knowledge by searching different databases,focusing on LCA studies that used AAMs as pastes,mortars,concretes,bricks,and rammed earth/soil blocks.The selected articles were reviewed and categorized based on precursors,alkaline activators,functional units,system boundaries,life cycle inventory databases,allocation,impact methodologies,and software used.Additionally,this paper also critically analyzes the key challenges of LCA for AAMs.The major challenges were identified as selecting a functional unit,subjectivity in boundary systems,and data interpretation.This work concludes that AAMs show substantial advantages in global warming potential compared to ordinary Portland cement-based materials;however,the average of other categories such as marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion has been reported to be higher than for the reference samples.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21671014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (buctrc201823)
文摘It is urgent to develop low-cost but efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts for the emerging clean energy devices of fuel cells based on proton exchange membrane.Herein,we report a facile method to covert the biomass of black fungus into an efficient ORR catalyst.The black fungus undergoes hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes to transform into carbon-based materials.The as-obtained BF-N-950 catalyst shows prominent ORR catalytic activities in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes with a half-wave potential reaching 0.77 and 0.91 V,respectively.A membrane electrolyte assembly was fabricated with the as-obtained BF-N-950 as the cathode catalyst which shows a high peak power density of255 mW cm^-2.The study shows the potential of converting conventional biomass into low-cost ORR catalyst,which is promising for the fuel cell technology.
