功能纳米结构的组装

对功能纳米结构组装体系进行了系统的分类,详细总结和评述了人工纳米结构组装体系、纳米结构自组装体系和分子自组装体系的最新进展.展示了该领域的一些重要进展和研究成果,列举了这类自组装体系的新特性和应用前景.不仅指出了现阶段研究中存在的问题,而且还提出了今后需要重视的发展方向.

纳米阵列结构功能材料的制备、性质及应用

综述了用径迹蚀刻膜模板和多孔阳极氧化铝模板等制备纳米阵列结构功能材料的方法,介绍了金属、半导体纳米阵列结构功能材料、碳纳米管阵列结构功能材料及纳米阵列复合材料的性质和应用实例,并探讨了其应用前景。

功能纳米结构的组装和物性调控

功能纳米结构的组装与物性调控是纳米电子器件前沿基础研究领域的重要问题.本文对我们实验室在纳米自组装结构和物性调控方面的主要研究进展进行介绍.对扫描隧道显微镜(STM)的成像机制和针尖功能化问题进行了研究和探讨.选用不同的策略和方法来实现功能分子在金属单晶基底上的可控自组装,形成各种自组装有序结构,通过磁性分子吸附构型的改变来实现对金属表面上单分子自旋态的量子调控.

基于连续激光的纳米结构研制

基于激光受激辐射损耗原理的远场光学超分辨成像技术,当圆形入射高斯激光经过涡旋相位板调制后,将转变为中心光强为零的圆环形光束,该形状的激光束与光敏聚合物作用,能够制备出具有一定功能的纳米结构。介绍了自主搭建的基于圆环连续激光光源的激光直写系统,以及利用该系统研制的复合纳米结构。当光源为532nm连续激光输出时,与正性光刻胶作用,得到直径<50nm的纳米柱复合结构,以及整齐均匀的纳米柱阵列结构;与负性光刻胶作用,得到直径<100nm的纳米通道,以及整齐均匀的中央有纳米通道的微米柱复合结构阵列。当光源为405nm连续光纤激光时,与正性光刻胶作用,也得到了直径小至153nm的纳米柱复合结构及其阵列。这些纳米结构的基本单元尺寸都突破了光学"阿贝衍射极限"的限制,具有实用潜力。

双修饰Fe_3O_4/CdSe/CdS荧光磁性复合物的制备及其表征

采用共沉淀法制得Fe3O4溶胶,用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)对其表面进行改性,制得有机硅改性的纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子;用L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐(L-Cys)将油相的CdSe/CdS转成水相并带上氨基的CdSe/CdS纳米晶;将其复合制备了Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS荧光磁性双功能纳米复合物颗粒。该Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS复合物颗粒平均尺寸约为40nm,饱和磁化强度为21.287A.m2/kg,该纳米粒子既具有优异的荧光特性,也具有较强的超顺磁性。

结构DNA纳米技术

DNA简单的配对原理A-T/C-G创造了丰富多彩的生物世界。DNA纳米技术将DNA从传统的基因图计划拓展成为建筑模块,用以构建功能纳米结构。本文综述了DNA自组装的原理,以及近年来结构DNA纳米技术研究中一些令人鼓舞的进展,其中包括构建二维和三维DNA纳米结构以及DNA引导的多组分二维和三维纳米结构的最新成果,并对其研究前沿进行了展望。

Electrochemical Deposition of Ni-W Gradient Deposit and Its Structural Characterization

The Ni-W gradient deposit with nano-structure was prepared by an electrochemical deposition method.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) indicate that the crystallite size of the deposit decreases from 10.3nm to 1.5nm and the crystal grating aberrance increases with the increase of W content in the growing direction of the deposit. The structure of deposit changes from crystalline to amorphous stepwise with associated increase of crystal grating aberrance, and presents gradient distribution. These show that the deposit isgradient with nano-structure.

分子工程学

分子工程学以体系的功能为导向,在分子水平上进行结构设计与施工,探索功能、结构与合成三者之间的关系原理,发展合成、制备与组装方法学,研究结构基元本征性质和构效关系。本文讨论了建设分子工程学这一新学科的重要性,介绍了自发单层分散原理与CO吸附剂、纳米结构光电功能体系、金属纳米簇基催化剂、表面分子多孔网络的精确可控组装以及功能蛋白质的设计与应用等方面的若干研究成果。

One-Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures： Solution Growth and Functional Properties

One-dimensional （1D） ZnO nanostructures have been studied intensively and extensively over the last decade not only for their remarkable chemical and physical properties, but also for their diverse current and future technological applications. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made within the context of 1D ZnO nanostructures synthesized via wet chemical methods. We will cover the synthetic methodologies and the corresponding growth mechanisms, various nanostructures grown, their doping and alloying, and position-controlled growth on substrates. Finally, we will review their functional properties in catalysis, hydrophobic surface modification, sensing, and electronic, optical, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting devices.

Bifunctional catalysts of Co3O4@GCN tubular nanostructured （TNS） hybrids for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

Catalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions （OER/HER） are at the heart of renewable green energy sources such as water splitting. Although incredible efforts have been made to develop efficient catalysts for OER and HER, great challenges still remain in the development of bifunctional catalysts. Here, we report a novel hybrid of Co3O4 embedded in tubular nanostructures of graphitic carbon nitride （GCN） and synthesized through a facile, large-scale chemical method at low temperature. Strong synergistic effects between Co3O4 and GCN resulted in excellent performance as a bifunctional catalyst for OER and HER. The high surface area, unique tubular nanostructure, and composition of the hybrid made all redox sites easily available for catalysis and provided faster ionic and electronic conduction. The Co3O4@GCN tubular nanostructured （TNS） hybrid exhibited the lowest overpotential （0.12 V） and excellent current density （147 mA/cm^2） in OER, better than benchmarks IrO2 and RuO2, and with superior durability in alkaline media. Furthermore, the Co3O4@GCN TNS hybrid demonstrated excellent performance in HER, with a much lower onset and overpotential, and a stable current density. It is expected that the Co3O4@GCN TNS hybrid developed in this study will be an attractive alternative to noble metals catalysts in large scale water splitting and fuel cells.

Self-template synthesis of hierarchically structured Co3O4@NiO bifunctional electrodes for selective nitrate reduction and tetrahydroisoquinolines semidehydrogenation

The rational design and synthesis of hierarchically hollow nanostructures with controlled spatial architecture and composition are significant in electrocatalysis owing to their abundant active sites and the expedited electron/mass transfer.Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia is of great interest from the points of environmental protection and energy saving.However,the development of this technology is hindered by the lack of efficient nitrate-toammonia electrocatalysts and the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction at the anode.Herein,a novel self-template conversion method was developed for the synthesis of Co3O4@Ni O hierarchical nanotubes(Co3O4@Ni O HNTs)with Ni O porous nanosheets assembled on Co3O4nanotubes.The as-obtained Co3O4@Ni O HNTs exhibited an outstanding performance for both the cathodic nitrate electroreduction to ammonia reaction and the anodic tetrahydroisoquinolines(THIQs)semi-dehydrogenation to dihydroisoquinolines(DHIQs).Importantly,a two-electrode system of Co3O4@Ni O HNTs||Co3O4@Ni O HNTs was constructed for the simultaneous synthesis of ammonia and DHIQs with high selectivity and robust stability.

Large-scale functionalization of biomedical porous titanium scaffolds surface with TiO_2 nanostructures

Construction of functional porous titanium scaffold is drawing ever growing attention, due to its effectiveness in solving the mechanical mismatch between titanium implant and bone tissue. However, the poor water permeability as well as the problem in achieving uniform surface modification inside scaffold hinders the further biomedical application of porous titanium scaffold. In this study, largescale functional Ti O2 nanostructures（nanonetwork, nanoplate and nanowire） were constructed on three-dimensional porous titanium scaffolds surface via an effective hydrothermal treatment method. These nanostructures increase the hydrophilicity of the titanium scaffold surface, facilitating the cell culture medium to penetrate into the inner pore of the scaffold. Zeta potential analyses indicate that the surface electrical properties depend on the nanostructure, with nanowire exhibiting the lowest potential at p H 7.4. The influence of the nano-functionalized scaffold on protein adsorption and cell adhesion was examined. The results indicate that the nano-functionalized surface could modulate protein adsorption and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） adhesion, with the nanowire functionalized porous scaffold homogeneously promoting protein adsorption and BMSCs adhesion. Our research will facilitate future research on the development of novel functional porous scaffold.

Formation mechanism of multi-functional black silicon based on optimized deep reactive ion etching technique with SF_6/C_4F_8

This paper reports a controllable multi-functional black silicon surface with nanocone-forest structures fabricated by an optimized deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)technique using SF6/C4F8 in cyclic etching-passivation process,which is maskless,effective and controllable.The process conditions are investigated by systematically comparative experiments and core parameters have been figured out,including etching process parameters,pre-treatment,patterned silicon etching and inclined surface etching.Based on the experimental data,the formation mechanism of nanocone shape is developed,which provides a novel view for in-depth understanding of abnormal phenomena observed in the experiments under different process situations.After the optimization of the process parameters,the black silicon surfaces exhibit superhydrophobicity with tunable reflectance.Additionally,the quantitative relationship between nanocones aspect ratio and surface reflectance and static contact angle is obtained,which demonstrates that black silicon surfaces with unique functional properties(i.e.,cross-combination of reflectance and wettability)can be achieved by controlling the morphology of nanostructures.

Manufacture of porous metallic glass using dissolvable templates

A facile,precise,and controllable manufacturing technology is desired for hierarchical functional surfaces.In this work,we successfully manufactured porous metallic glass using a water-dissolution material as template and the excellent thermoplastic property of metallic glass.The prepared micro/nanostructures have excellent tunability,and the proposed approach can be used to prepare large-area disordered porous structures and ordered regular arrays with nanoscale replication accuracy.In particular,the disordered porous structure prepared by the dissolvable template strategy exhibits a water contact angle of~140°and an oil contact angle of~0°,making it suitable for oil/water separation.It also shows stable wettability after being soaked in strong acid or alkali environments and maintains a~130°water contact angle and a~4°oil contact angle even after severe wear.The proposed strategy also possesses excellent recycling properties.We reconstructed porous structures on the same surface three times and found no significant change in wettability for each reconstructed porous structure.Our research provides a facile and controllable approach for the preparation of hierarchical porous structures and paves the way for the design of other functional surfaces.