以“1加X”的方式——鲁迅单元教法探究

统编小学语文六年级上册第八单元编排了《少年闰土》《好的故事》《我的伯父鲁迅先生》《有的人》4篇课文,这是小学生第一次阅读鲁迅的作品,由于时空的距离,不少学生对鲁迅的文章不太感兴趣。教学时,从整个单元的角度来把握,适当调整教学顺序,采用“1加X”的方法拓展阅读,让学生从文学的角度去接触鲁迅、理解鲁迅。

西餐牛肉类初加工与食品安全控制分析

本文探讨了在牛肉初加工过程中可能遇到的食品安全问题,如微生物污染、化学物质污染、物理污染,以及交叉污染,研究了食品安全控制在牛肉初加工中的应用,并提出了相应的对策和建议,包括优化食品加工设施和设备、加强员工的食品安全培训和教育、改进食品安全管理体系,以及强化法律法规的执行,以期能够增强牛肉初加工的食品安全控制效果,进一步推动食品安全控制在牛肉初加工过程中的实践和改进。

Effect of Cumian No.1 on anti-immunity stress of chickens

2500 chickens were treated intwo households （A and B）, and divided into a test group and a contrast group in each of the households. 0.5% of ＂Cumian No.l＂ was added to the feeds of 1- to 15-day-olds of the test group and 0.2% to the feeds of 16- to 44-day-olds of the test group. The result showed that compared with the contrast group, the average weight and survival rate increased by 4.786% and 2% respectively, and FIG decreased by 9.2% in the test group in household A; the average weight and survival rate increased by 3.608% and 2% respectively, and FIG decreased by 14.9% in the test group in household B.

“1”在均值不等式中的巧用

文章从五个方面论述了“1”在均值不等式中的巧妙应用 ,使读者在解决此类问题时能一路春风 。

Antioxidant role of heme oxygenase-1 in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats

AIM： To study the effect of bilirubin on the oxidative liver status and the activity and expression of heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in rat liver injury induced by prehepatic portal hypertension. METHODS： Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided at random into two groups： one group with prehepatic portal hypertension （PH） induced by regulated prehepatic portal vein ligation （PPVL） and the other group corresponded to sham operated rats. Portal pressure, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes, HO-1 activity and expression and hepatic sinusoidal vasodilatation were measured. RESULTS： In PPVL rats oxidative stress was evidenced by a marked increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） content and a decrease in reduced glutathione （GSH） levels. The activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were also diminished while activity and expression of HO-1 were enhanced. Administration of bilirubin （5μmol/kg body weight） 24 h before the end of the experiment entirely prevented all these effects. Pretreatment with Sn-protoporphyrin IX （Sn-PPIX） （100 μg/kg body weight, i.p.）, a potent inhibitor of HO, completely abolished the oxidative stress and provoked a slight decrease in liver GSH levels as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation. Besides, carbon monoxide, another heme catabolic product, induced a significant increase in sinusoidal hepatic areas in PPVL group. Pretreatment of PPVL rats with Sn-PPIX totally prevented this effect CONCLUSION： These results suggest a beneficial role of HO-1 overexpression in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats.

Heme oxygenase-1 overexpression increases liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats

AIM： To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation （BDL）.METHODS： Either cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP）, a HO-1 inducer, or saline were injected intraperitoneally in male SD-rats. Three days later, BDL or sham-operations were performed. Rats were sacrificed 3 wk after BDL and livers were harvested for histology. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red staining and image analysis. Alpha-smooth muscular actin, which indicates activation of stellate cells, was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and q/tokine and collagen- Iα （Col- I α） mRNA expression was detected using RNase protection assays.RESULTS： Serum alanine transaminase increased 8-fold above normal levels one day after BDL. Surprisingly, enzyme release was not reduced in rats receiving CoPP. Liver fibrosis was evaluated 3 wk after BDL and the sirius red-positive area was found to be increased to about 7.8%. However, in CoPP pretreated rats sirius redpositive areas were increased to about 11.7% after BDL. Collagen-1 α and TGF-β mRNA increased significantly by BDL. Again, this effect was increased by HO-1 overexpression.CONCLUSION： Hepatic fibrosis due to BDL is not reduced by the HO-1 inducer CoPP. In contrast, HO-1 overexpression increases liver injury in rats under conditions of experimental chronic cholestasis.

Preparation of a new solid acid and its catalytic performance in di(1-naphthyl)methane hydrocracking

A new solid acid was prepared by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid （TFMSA） impregnation into an acid‐treated attapulgite （ATA）. Di（1‐naphthyl）methane （DNM） hydrocracking was used as the probe reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance of TFMSA/ATA for cleaving Car–Calk bridged bonds in coals. The results show that DNM was specifically hydrocracked to naphthalene and 1‐methylnaphthalene over TFMSA/ATA in methanol in the absence of gaseous hydrogen. In partic‐ular, TFMSA/ATA was demonstrated to be stable after four cycles with slight loss in catalytic activi‐ty. Furthermore, a proposed H＋transfer mechanism successfully interprets the TFMSA/ATA‐cata‐lyzed hydrocracking reaction of DNM.

Protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 on Wistar rats with heart failure through the inhibition of inflammation and amelioration of intestinal micro- circulation

Background Myocardial infarction （MI） has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure （HF）. As a result of re- duced cardiac function, splanchnic blood flow decreases, causing ischemia in villi and damage to the intestinal barrier. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） could prevent, or lessen the effects of stress and inflammation. Thus, the effect and mechanism thereof of HO-1 on the intestines of rats with HF was investigated. Methods Male Wistar rats with heart failure through ligation of the left coronary artery were identified with an left ventricular ejection fraction of 〈 45% through echocardiography and then divided into various experimental groups based on the type of peritoneal injection they received [MI： saline; MI ＋ Cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP）： CoPP solution; and MI ＋ Tin mesoporphyrin IX dichloride （SnMP）： SnMP solution]. The control group was comprised of rats without coronary ligation. Echocardiogra- phy was performed before ligation for a baseline and eight weeks after ligation in order to evaluate the cardiac function of the rats. The bac- terial translocation （BT） incidence, mesenteric microcirculation, amount of endotoxins in the vein serum, ileum levels of HO- 1, carbon oxide （CO）, nitric oxide （NO）, intedeuldn （IL）-10, turnour necrosis factor-et （TNF-ct）, and the ileum morphology were determined eight weeks after the operation. Results The rats receiving MI ＋ CoPP injections exhibited a recovery in cardiac function, an amelioration of mesenteric microcirculation and change in morphology, a lower BT incidence, a reduction in serum and ileac NO and TNF-ct levels, and an elevation in ileac HO-1, CO, and interleukin-10 （[L-10） levels compared to the MI group （P 〈 0.05）. The rats that received the MI ＋ SnMP injections exhibited results inverse to the MI （P 〈 0.05） group. Conclusions HO-1 exerted a protective effect on the intestines of rats with HF by inhibiting the inflammation and amelioration of microcirculation through the CO pathway. This protective effect could be independent from the recovery of cardiac function.

Electronic and steric factors for enhanced selective synthesis of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol in the Ir‐complex‐catalyzed Guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol

1‐Butanol is a potential bio‐based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic biomass.As a value‐added chemical,2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol(2‐EH)can be produced by Guerbet conversion from 1‐butanol.This work reports the enhanced catalytic Guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol to 2‐EH by a series of Cp^(*)Ir complexes(Cp^(*):1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐1,3‐diene)coordinated to bipyridine‐type ligands bearing an ortho‐hydroxypyridine group with an electron‐donating group and a Cl−anion.The catalytic activity of the Cp^(*)Ir complex increased by increasing the electron density of the bipyridine ligand when functionalized with the para‐NMe2 and ortho‐hydroxypyridine groups.A record turnover number of 14047 was attained.A mechanistic study indicated that the steric effect of the ethyl group on theα‐C of 2‐ethylhexanal(2‐EHA)and the conjugation effect of C=C–C=O in 2‐ethylhex‐2‐enal(2‐EEA)benefits the high selectivity of 2‐EH from 1‐butanol by inhibiting the cross‐aldol reaction of 2‐EHA and 2‐EEA with butyraldehyde.Nuclear magnetic resonance study revealed the formation of a carbonyl group in the bipyridine‐type ligand via the reaction of the Cp^(*)Ir complex with KOH.

Preliminary Exploration of the Reactor Configuration for Hydroformylation of 1-Dodecene Catalyzed by Water Soluble Rhodium Complex

Hydroformylation of 1-dodecene was studied in a biphasic systemusing water-soluble rhodium complex [RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)_2] as catalystin the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant toenhance the reaction rate. Efforts were devoted to improve theperformance of hydroformylation by exploring reactor configurationwhich enhanced the mixing, dispersion and interphase mass transfer.Experiments were carried out in a 0.5 L autoclave at the totalpressure of 1.1 Mpa and temperature from 363 K to 373 K.

Effect of Ammonia on the Performance of Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of 1-Methylnaphthalene

The effect of ammonia on the catalytic performance for 1-methylnaphthalene(1-MN) selective hydrogenation saturation was studied with Co-Mo/γ-Al_2O_3, Ni-W/γ-Al_2O_3, Ni-Mo/γ-Al_2O_3, and Ni-Mo-W/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts. The results indicated that Ni-Mo-W/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst exhibited the best performance for saturation of 1-MN. The introduction of NH3 remarkably inhibited the hydrogenation of 1-MN in the dynamic control area, but it had no effect in the thermodynamic control area. Besides, the mono-aromatics selectivity on the Ni-Mo-W and Ni-Mo catalysts was enhanced. However, it had little effect on the Ni-W and Co-Mo catalysts.

独活寄生汤加味治疗骨质疏松症疗效观察

目的研究并观察独活寄生汤加味治疗骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)对患者骨密度及血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平的影响。方法选择2018年3月—2020年9月于该院就诊的106例OP患者,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各53例。对照组接受常规药物治疗,观察组同时服用独活寄生汤加味治疗。观察两组临床疗效、中医证候评分变化、骨密度测量结果、骨代谢指标[骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅠNP)、Ⅰ型胶原交联C-末端肽(CTX)]水平、血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平变化及药物不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组临床总有效率为96.23%(51/53),高于对照组83.02%(44/53)(P<0.05);观察组各项中医证候评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组股骨颈、腰椎L、Ward′s三角区骨密度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组OC水平高于对照组,PⅠNP、CTX水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平高于对照组(P<0.05);两组均无不良反应发生。结论独活寄生汤加味结合常规方案可有效治疗OP、缓解患者症状,可通过调节骨代谢和IGF-1、IGFBP-3等因子水平提升骨密度,药物安全性好。

The Impact Heme Oxygenase -1 on the Regulating Factors of Hepatoma Cells＇ Cell Cycle

It aims to analyze the impact heme oxygenase -1 （heme oxygenase 1, HO-1） on regulating factors of human hepatoma cell HepG2＇s cell cycle, through constructing recombinant vector of pcDNA3.1 containing wild-type and mutant HO-1 gene （＋）-wtHO-1 and pcDNA3.1 （＋）-mHO-1G143H. By using the method of liposome-mediated, the recombinant vector was transfected hepatoma cell line HepG2. And the transfected one with empty vector was treated as a control group. By the selection of G418, stable expression of wild-type and mutant HO-1 in HepG2 liver cancer cell lines were established. Use the blot of semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western to test transfected cell lines expressing levels of riO-1 mRNA and protein. As HO-1 expression in stably transfected cell lines altered, we use Western blot to test transfected cell lines P21, P27 protein expression levels. As result shows, we got 1 HO-over-expression of wild-type and mutant in HepG2 cells; wild- type and mutant＇s over expression of HO-1 can induce the expression of tumor suppressor genes p21 and p27.we got the conclusion that HO-l＇s over-expression of tumor suppressor genes p21 and p27 is unrelated to the expression of heme decomposition products. HO-1 may regulate the expression of p21 and p27 through other mechanisms.

Study on Performance of Hydrocracking Catalyst CHC-1

Evaluation of hydrocracking catalyst CHC-1 showed superior qualities ofcatalyst CMC-1. When it was used for hydrocracking reaction, the yield of middle distillates (jetfuel and diesel fuel) can reach more than 71 m%. When it was used for medium-pressurehydro-upgrading of Daqing FCC diesel fuel, diesel density was decreased by 0.0284―0.0365 g/cm^3(20℃). Cetane number increased by 7.8―10.5 and the contents of sulphur and nitrogen wereremarkably reduced. The storage stability of the upgraded diesel was improved.

Preparation of highly dispersed desulfurization catalysts and their catalytic performance in hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene

Micro-mesoporous ZK-1 molecular sieves with different Si/Al ratios were used as supports for binary Co-Mo hydrodesulfurization（HDS） catalysts.The CoMo/ZK-1 catalysts were prepared using an over-loading impregnation method,and characterized using N2 physisorption,X-ray diffraction,temperature-programmed NH3 desorption,temperature-programmed reduction（TPR）,ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）.The results show that the CoMo/ZK-1 catalysts have high surface areas（～700 m^2/g）,large pore volumes,and hierarchical porous structures,which promote the dispersion of Co and Mo oxide phases on the ZK-1 supports.The TPR results show that the interactions between the Co and Mo oxide phases and the ZK-1 support are weaker than those in the CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.The HRTEM results show that the CoMo/ZK-1 catalysts have better MoS2 dispersion and more active edge sites.The catalysts were tested in HDS of dibenzothiophene.Under mild reaction conditions,the activity of Co and Mo sulfides supported on ZK-1 was higher than those of Co and Mo sulfides supported on ZSM-5,A1KIT-1,and γ-Al2O3.

加参方对急性心肌梗死模型大鼠心肌组织单核-巨噬细胞及血管细胞黏附分子1表达的影响

目的探讨加参方对心肌梗死大鼠心功能的影响及可能作用机制。方法采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支的方法建立大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,将术后24 h成活大鼠随机分为假手术组(19只)、模型组(30只)、加参方低剂量组(31只)、加参方高剂量组(30只)和氯沙坦组(30只)。加参方低、高剂量组分别给予加参方浸膏含生药量3、6 g/(kg·d),氯沙坦组给予氯沙坦片10 mg/(kg·d),假手术组和模型组给予相同体积蒸馏水,各组连续灌胃4周。分别于给药后1、4周末超声检测心功能,测定心肌组织缺血危险区单核-巨噬细胞计数及血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)蛋白表达量。结果与假手术组同时间点比较,模型组大鼠心功能降低,心肌组织中单核-巨噬细胞计数及VCAM-1蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组同时间点比较,氯沙坦组和加参方高剂量组大鼠心功能改善明显,心肌组织单核-巨噬细胞计数和VCAM-1表达降低(P<0.05)。结论加参方可能通过抑制大鼠心肌组织单核-巨噬细胞的浸润及VCAM-1蛋白表达,从而改善心室重构,提高心功能。

A Reconfigurable Block Cryptographic Processor Based on VLIW Architecture

An Efficient and flexible implementation of block ciphers is critical to achieve information security processing.Existing implementation methods such as GPP,FPGA and cryptographic application-specific ASIC provide the broad range of support.However,these methods could not achieve a good tradeoff between high-speed processing and flexibility.In this paper,we present a reconfigurable VLIW processor architecture targeted at block cipher processing,analyze basic operations and storage characteristics,and propose the multi-cluster register-file structure for block ciphers.As for the same operation element of block ciphers,we adopt reconfigurable technology for multiple cryptographic processing units and interconnection scheme.The proposed processor not only flexibly accomplishes the combination of multiple basic cryptographic operations,but also realizes dynamic configuration for cryptographic processing units.It has been implemented with0.18μm CMOS technology,the test results show that the frequency can reach 350 MHz.and power consumption is 420 mw.Ten kinds of block and hash ciphers were realized in the processor.The encryption throughput of AES,DES,IDEA,and SHA-1 algorithm is1554 Mbps,448Mbps,785 Mbps,and 424 Mbps respectively,the test result shows that our processor's encryption performance is significantly higher than other designs.

Hydrodesulfurization activities of NiMo catalysts supported on mechanochemically prepared Al-Ce mixed oxides

Al2O3-CeO2 supports containing 1-10 wt%Ce were prepared mechanochemically by milling aluminum and/or cerium nitrates with NH4HCO3.Heteropolymolybdate,（NH4）4NiMo6O（24）,was used as the precursor of the Ni and Mo to prepare NiMo6/Al2O3-CeO2 components in catalysts by impregnation method.The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using chemical analysis,X-ray diffraction,temperature-programmed H2 reduction,temperature-programmed NH3 desorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.The catalyst acidity decreased with increasing Ce concentration in the support.XPS showed that the NiS/MoS ratio decreased two-fold for the Ce-modified alumina support.NiMo6/Al2O3,which had the highest acidity,showed the highest activity in hydrodesulfurization of 1-benzothiophene（normalized per weight of catalyst）.The concentration of surface MoOxSy species（which is equal to the concentration of Mo^（5＋）） gradually decreased to zero for catalysts with Ce concentrations 10 wt%.However,the activities of all the catalysts prepared mechanochemically from Al2O3 and Al2O3-CeO2supports significantly exceeded that of a reference NiMo6/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation method using the same precursor and with the same composition.

The mechanism of galanthamine regulating IL-1β/IL-1RA ratio to ameliorate inflammatory microenvironment

In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of galanthamine,a classic therapeutic drug for Alzheimer s disease(AD).The co-culture system of hippocampal nerve cell line HT-22 and microglial cell line BV-2 was established to observe the effect of galanthamine on the expressions of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide(LP S).MTT method was used to observe the protective effect of galanthamine on neurons.ELISA and qPCR methods were used to detect the expressions of interleukin-β(IL-1β) and IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1 RA) at the protein and mRNA levels,respectively.IL-1β and IL-1 RA were evaluated by the ELISA method after pretreating with galanthamine and α7 nAChR blockerα-bungarotoxin(α-bun),mAChR blocker atropine(Atr),PI3 K inhibitor LY294002,IKKβ inhibitor SC514,or MEK inhibitor PD98059,respectively.The results showed that galanthamine significantly inhibited LPS-induced increased IL-1β and IL-1 RA expressions and maintained the ratio of IL-1β/IL-1 RA.α-Bun could block the regulatory effect of galanthamine on IL-1β and IL-1 RA.As PI3 K and NF-κB pathways were blocked,the regulatory effect of galanthamine on the IL-1β expression was significantly inhibited.Blocking PI3 K and MEK pathways could significantly inhibit the regulation of galanthamine on IL-1 RA expression.In summary,galanthamine regulated the inflammatory activity of the IL-1 subfamily to play an anti-inflammatory role mediated by α7 nAChR and PI3 K/NF-κB/MAPK pathways,which probably provided a new strategy for AD treatment.