The paper deals with some questions of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the food sector. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of prima...The paper deals with some questions of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the food sector. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of primary importance. Food production is based on the principles of Good Agricultural Practice （GAP）, Good Manufactoring Practice （GMP） and Good Hygiene Practice （GHP）. Recently, the industrial food processing is focused dominantly on the quality, and one of the basic requirements of the quality is the safety. There are different methods and techniques to produce safe food. The up-to-date food technologies and quality measurements （quality control and quality assurance） involve the application of different physical methods, e.g., high pressure, pulsing electrical field, nondestructive techniques, e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, near infrared reflectance, near infrared transmittance （NIR-NIT）, photo acoustic spectroscopy （PAS） and instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） for chemical composition determination, radiation techniques, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis （RO） as well. Using ionizing radiation （nuclear methods） and non-ionizing radiation technologies, it is possible to fulfill a lot of expectations： decrease of microbial contamination, improve of sensory properties, increase of storability, etc..展开更多
Wood transportation begins from the landing or the forest road where the processed wood assortments are placed, they are loaded on trucks and then transported to the wood-working industry and/or the consumption center...Wood transportation begins from the landing or the forest road where the processed wood assortments are placed, they are loaded on trucks and then transported to the wood-working industry and/or the consumption centers. Wood transportation in Greece is carried out, almost exclusively, by trucks. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of timber trucking in Greece through the analysis of wood transportation waybills. A total of 1,471 waybills have been collected and analyzed that cover the period 1981-2008 from nine of the most productive and representative forest districts in Greece, in terms of timber production. The final dataset included information on the type and technical characteristics of truck types, the transported wood quantities and haulage distances. Furthermore, data on the wood transportation cost for the year 2010 have been collected and analyzed. According to the results, the number of two-axle trucks that dominated in the 1980s is reducing rapidly, mostly to the benefit of larger three-axle and four-axle trucks. More than three quarters （77%） of wood transportation is conducted in the period June-October. Mean vehicle load per vehicle type differs between conifer and broadleaved species from 7.1% up to 23.9%. Transportation of stacked wood with semitrailers is conducted with overloaded trucks, which could entail serious problems for public safety and the condition of road network. New design standards will enhance serviceability of the wood transportation routes and environmental protection.展开更多
文摘The paper deals with some questions of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the food sector. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of primary importance. Food production is based on the principles of Good Agricultural Practice （GAP）, Good Manufactoring Practice （GMP） and Good Hygiene Practice （GHP）. Recently, the industrial food processing is focused dominantly on the quality, and one of the basic requirements of the quality is the safety. There are different methods and techniques to produce safe food. The up-to-date food technologies and quality measurements （quality control and quality assurance） involve the application of different physical methods, e.g., high pressure, pulsing electrical field, nondestructive techniques, e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, near infrared reflectance, near infrared transmittance （NIR-NIT）, photo acoustic spectroscopy （PAS） and instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） for chemical composition determination, radiation techniques, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis （RO） as well. Using ionizing radiation （nuclear methods） and non-ionizing radiation technologies, it is possible to fulfill a lot of expectations： decrease of microbial contamination, improve of sensory properties, increase of storability, etc..
文摘Wood transportation begins from the landing or the forest road where the processed wood assortments are placed, they are loaded on trucks and then transported to the wood-working industry and/or the consumption centers. Wood transportation in Greece is carried out, almost exclusively, by trucks. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of timber trucking in Greece through the analysis of wood transportation waybills. A total of 1,471 waybills have been collected and analyzed that cover the period 1981-2008 from nine of the most productive and representative forest districts in Greece, in terms of timber production. The final dataset included information on the type and technical characteristics of truck types, the transported wood quantities and haulage distances. Furthermore, data on the wood transportation cost for the year 2010 have been collected and analyzed. According to the results, the number of two-axle trucks that dominated in the 1980s is reducing rapidly, mostly to the benefit of larger three-axle and four-axle trucks. More than three quarters （77%） of wood transportation is conducted in the period June-October. Mean vehicle load per vehicle type differs between conifer and broadleaved species from 7.1% up to 23.9%. Transportation of stacked wood with semitrailers is conducted with overloaded trucks, which could entail serious problems for public safety and the condition of road network. New design standards will enhance serviceability of the wood transportation routes and environmental protection.
