保持细节特征的点云去噪算法

三维点云数据的采集过程受到仪器精度、人为扰动和复杂环境等因素影响,存在大量的噪点并且分布不均匀,造成基于点云数据的重建模型尖锐特征模糊。对此,提出一种保持细节特征的点云去噪算法以提高点云模型的精度。该算法首先通过八叉树建立点云的拓扑关系,加快点云的邻域搜索速度;其次,采用主成分分析法估算点云的法向量;最后,将双边滤波器与加权局部最优投影算法结合,实现对点云的去噪均匀化处理。实验结果表明,所提算法不仅能很好地去除点云数据中的噪点,而且同时保留了点云重建模型的细节特征。

3-D Reconstruction and Visualization of Laser-Scanned Trees by Weighted Locally Optimal Projection and Accurate Modeling Method

This paper presents a method to reconstruct 3-D models of trees from terrestrial laser scan(TLS)point clouds.This method uses the weighted locally optimal projection(WLOP)and the AdTree method to reconstruct detailed 3-D tree models.To improve its representation accuracy,the WLOP algorithm is introduced to consolidate the point cloud.Its reconstruction accuracy is tested using a dataset of ten trees,and the one-sided Hausdorff distances between the input point clouds and the resulting 3-D models are measured.The experimental results show that the optimal projection modeling method has an average one-sided Hausdorff distance(mean)lower by 30.74%and 6.43%compared with AdTree and AdQSM methods,respectively.Furthermore,it has an average one-sided Hausdorff distance(RMS)lower by 29.95%and 12.28%compared with AdTree and AdQSM methods.Results show that the 3-D model generated fits closely to the input point cloud data and ensures a high geometrical accuracy.

基于法向量距离分类的散乱点云数据去噪

在三维点云数据的去噪中,很难实现既保持尖锐区域的特征,又使平滑区域高度光顺。为此,提出了一种基于法向量距离分类的去噪方法。首先计算点云数据的微分几何信息。采用鲁棒的方法对点云数据进行法矢量估算,并将其法矢量方向调整到一致。再根据采样点的局部二次曲面拟合来估算点云数据的曲率;然后通过计算从采样点到其切平面的法向距离,将点云数据划分为平滑区域和尖锐区域,并采用加权局部最优投影算法和双边滤波算法分别对平滑区域和尖锐区域进行滤波去噪。选用Bunny和Fandisk点云模型,分别采用单一的加权局部最优投影算法、双边滤波算法及两者相结合算法对点云模型进行去噪测试。测试结果表明:所提方法可有效去除噪声模型中的孤点,提高点云分布的均匀性;增强点云模型平滑区域的光顺度,保持了尖锐区域中的几何特征并避免了过度光顺和细节特征失真。对比测试数据可知,降噪点云模型的误差和偏差较小,Bunny模型的平均误差为0.0011 mm,Fandisk模型的平均误差为0.0007 mm。