The need for cleaner fuels has resulted in a continuing worldwide trend to reduce diesel sulfur and aromatics. There are many approaches to reducing sulfur and aromatics in diesel. Most of them have a common drawback ...The need for cleaner fuels has resulted in a continuing worldwide trend to reduce diesel sulfur and aromatics. There are many approaches to reducing sulfur and aromatics in diesel. Most of them have a common drawback of high cost because of adopting two stages of hydrotreating and using noble-metal catalyst, especially for reducing aromatics. The attempt to resolve this issue has led to the recent development of the Single Stage Hydrotreating (SSHT) process by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP), SINOPEC.The SSHT process is a single-stage hydrotreating technology for producing low sulfur and low aromatics diesel. The process uses one or two non-noble-metal catalysts system and operates at moderate pressure. When revamping an existing unit to meet low aromatics diesel specification, the only thing to do is to add a reactor or replace the existing reactor, In pilot plant tests, the SSHT technology has successfully treated SRGO (Straight Run Gas Oil), LCO (Light Cycle Oil) or the blend of them. It is shown that by using the SSHT process diesel with sulfur of 30 ppm and aromatics of 15 m% can be produced from Middle-East SRGO and diesel with aromatics content of 25 m% can be produced from cracked feed, such as FCC-LCO. High diesel yield and cetane number gain (from cracked feed stocks) give the SSHT technology a performance advantage compared to conventional hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes.The lower investment and operating cost is another advantage. The first commercial application of the SSHT technology has been in operation since September 2001.展开更多
This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the...This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the initial and middle stages of operation. The performance of catalysts at the end of operation was analyzed, and factors affecting the performance of the novel catalysts at the end of run were identified to facilitate further improvement of the said catalysts.展开更多
Using the JQ-II high pressure hydrogenation micro-reactor unit, the reactivity of Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil was studied over commercial and homemade hydrotreating catalysts. The effects of catalyst prepa...Using the JQ-II high pressure hydrogenation micro-reactor unit, the reactivity of Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil was studied over commercial and homemade hydrotreating catalysts. The effects of catalyst preparation variables and the influences of operation conditions, such as pressure, temperature, hydrogen/oil ratio and space velocity were also examined. It was shown that the optimal concentrations of the active components were 5% of NiO, 20% of MoO3 and 3.5% of phosphorus (by mass), and the suitable operation conditions were determined experimentally.展开更多
The process of benzene hydrogenation over Mo2C catalyst has been studied. Mo2C was the active phase in benzene hydrogenation. The major problem with the metal carbides was their poor stability due to deactivation by c...The process of benzene hydrogenation over Mo2C catalyst has been studied. Mo2C was the active phase in benzene hydrogenation. The major problem with the metal carbides was their poor stability due to deactivation by carbon deposition.展开更多
Based on the reaction mechanism of resid hydrodemetallization, a new catalyst carrier was designed and prepared. As compared with the similar type of catalyst carrier, the said new carrier featured a higher pore volum...Based on the reaction mechanism of resid hydrodemetallization, a new catalyst carrier was designed and prepared. As compared with the similar type of catalyst carrier, the said new carrier featured a higher pore volume, a larger pore diameter and a weaker surface acidity, which could improve the diffusion performance and stable reaction performance of the catalyst. The active metal components were loaded on the said carrier by a new technique for better metal dispersion, thus the impurity removal rate of the new catalyst, RDM-3, was improved significantly. The commercial test of the RDM-3 catalyst showed that the process of catalyst preparation was stable, the catalyst performance was slightly better than the catalyst prepared in the lab, therefore, the catalyst could be manufactured in commercial scale.展开更多
Commercial application of the DZC Ⅱ-I catalyst developed on the basis of the DZ-1 catalyst was introduced. The application tests of the catalyst under overload had proved that this catalyst demonstrated satisfactory ...Commercial application of the DZC Ⅱ-I catalyst developed on the basis of the DZ-1 catalyst was introduced. The application tests of the catalyst under overload had proved that this catalyst demonstrated satisfactory adaptability to feedstock after continued operation for 20 months with little changes in the bed pressure drop, the reactor inlet temperature and the bed temperature rise. The DZC Ⅱ- 1 catalyst was regarded as the best catalyst for the second-stage hydrogenation of pyrolvsis gasoline.展开更多
The 40kt/a sulfur recovery unit for tail gas treating applying the reduction-absorption-recycling (RAR) technology is aimed at regeneration of the rich amine solution and recovery of sulfur to operate in tandem with t...The 40kt/a sulfur recovery unit for tail gas treating applying the reduction-absorption-recycling (RAR) technology is aimed at regeneration of the rich amine solution and recovery of sulfur to operate in tandem with the 1.2Mt/a diesel hydrofining unit. The process unit calibration data have revealed that the recovery of total sulfur reaches 99.86%, which is 6.65 percentage points higher than that before application of the RAR technology. The SO2 content in vented tail gas is 0.27 t/d, which is much less than the latest emission standard prescribed by the State. The factors that can affect the unit operation have been analyzed and corresponding measures have been suggested including the necessity to improve the control over the reaction temperature in the tail gas hydrogenation unit.展开更多
Computer simulation is a good guide and reference for development and research on petroleum refining processes. Traditionally, pseudo-components are used in the simulation, in which their physical properties are estim...Computer simulation is a good guide and reference for development and research on petroleum refining processes. Traditionally, pseudo-components are used in the simulation, in which their physical properties are estimated by empirical relations and cannot be associated with actual chemical reactions, as no molecular structure is available for pseudo-components. This limitation can be overcome if real components are used. In this paper, a real component based method is proposed for the simulation of a diesel hydrotreating process by using the software of Unisim Design. This process includes reaction units and distillation units. The chemical reaction network is established by analyzing the feedstock. The feedstock is characterized by real components, which are obtained based on true boiling point curve. Simulation results are consistent with actual data.展开更多
Complete conversion of resid into light oil needs to consume large amount of hydrogen, because the light oil has higher hydrogen content. The conversion of whole resid into light oil is not economic at the normal pric...Complete conversion of resid into light oil needs to consume large amount of hydrogen, because the light oil has higher hydrogen content. The conversion of whole resid into light oil is not economic at the normal price gap between the light and heavy oils. Hence a combination of hydrogenation process with carbon removal process is generally adopted.The heavy solvent deasphalting can selectively remove the asphaltenes and metals contained in resid while providing a large amount of easily convertible deasphalted oil for the down-stream processes.This article refers to the characteristics of heavy solvent deasphalting and its application in sour resid processing, along with various routes for utilization of deoiled asphalt.展开更多
The current status of catalytic reforming in China is reviewed and a forecastof the development in a couple of years or a decade is given. Distinguished from the past decade,the future trend will be focused on revamps...The current status of catalytic reforming in China is reviewed and a forecastof the development in a couple of years or a decade is given. Distinguished from the past decade,the future trend will be focused on revamps, expansions, higher severity, diversified feeds,combination with other processes for higher product quality, and novel catalysts and equipment.展开更多
文摘The need for cleaner fuels has resulted in a continuing worldwide trend to reduce diesel sulfur and aromatics. There are many approaches to reducing sulfur and aromatics in diesel. Most of them have a common drawback of high cost because of adopting two stages of hydrotreating and using noble-metal catalyst, especially for reducing aromatics. The attempt to resolve this issue has led to the recent development of the Single Stage Hydrotreating (SSHT) process by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP), SINOPEC.The SSHT process is a single-stage hydrotreating technology for producing low sulfur and low aromatics diesel. The process uses one or two non-noble-metal catalysts system and operates at moderate pressure. When revamping an existing unit to meet low aromatics diesel specification, the only thing to do is to add a reactor or replace the existing reactor, In pilot plant tests, the SSHT technology has successfully treated SRGO (Straight Run Gas Oil), LCO (Light Cycle Oil) or the blend of them. It is shown that by using the SSHT process diesel with sulfur of 30 ppm and aromatics of 15 m% can be produced from Middle-East SRGO and diesel with aromatics content of 25 m% can be produced from cracked feed, such as FCC-LCO. High diesel yield and cetane number gain (from cracked feed stocks) give the SSHT technology a performance advantage compared to conventional hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes.The lower investment and operating cost is another advantage. The first commercial application of the SSHT technology has been in operation since September 2001.
文摘This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the initial and middle stages of operation. The performance of catalysts at the end of operation was analyzed, and factors affecting the performance of the novel catalysts at the end of run were identified to facilitate further improvement of the said catalysts.
文摘Using the JQ-II high pressure hydrogenation micro-reactor unit, the reactivity of Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil was studied over commercial and homemade hydrotreating catalysts. The effects of catalyst preparation variables and the influences of operation conditions, such as pressure, temperature, hydrogen/oil ratio and space velocity were also examined. It was shown that the optimal concentrations of the active components were 5% of NiO, 20% of MoO3 and 3.5% of phosphorus (by mass), and the suitable operation conditions were determined experimentally.
文摘The process of benzene hydrogenation over Mo2C catalyst has been studied. Mo2C was the active phase in benzene hydrogenation. The major problem with the metal carbides was their poor stability due to deactivation by carbon deposition.
文摘Based on the reaction mechanism of resid hydrodemetallization, a new catalyst carrier was designed and prepared. As compared with the similar type of catalyst carrier, the said new carrier featured a higher pore volume, a larger pore diameter and a weaker surface acidity, which could improve the diffusion performance and stable reaction performance of the catalyst. The active metal components were loaded on the said carrier by a new technique for better metal dispersion, thus the impurity removal rate of the new catalyst, RDM-3, was improved significantly. The commercial test of the RDM-3 catalyst showed that the process of catalyst preparation was stable, the catalyst performance was slightly better than the catalyst prepared in the lab, therefore, the catalyst could be manufactured in commercial scale.
文摘Commercial application of the DZC Ⅱ-I catalyst developed on the basis of the DZ-1 catalyst was introduced. The application tests of the catalyst under overload had proved that this catalyst demonstrated satisfactory adaptability to feedstock after continued operation for 20 months with little changes in the bed pressure drop, the reactor inlet temperature and the bed temperature rise. The DZC Ⅱ- 1 catalyst was regarded as the best catalyst for the second-stage hydrogenation of pyrolvsis gasoline.
文摘The 40kt/a sulfur recovery unit for tail gas treating applying the reduction-absorption-recycling (RAR) technology is aimed at regeneration of the rich amine solution and recovery of sulfur to operate in tandem with the 1.2Mt/a diesel hydrofining unit. The process unit calibration data have revealed that the recovery of total sulfur reaches 99.86%, which is 6.65 percentage points higher than that before application of the RAR technology. The SO2 content in vented tail gas is 0.27 t/d, which is much less than the latest emission standard prescribed by the State. The factors that can affect the unit operation have been analyzed and corresponding measures have been suggested including the necessity to improve the control over the reaction temperature in the tail gas hydrogenation unit.
文摘Computer simulation is a good guide and reference for development and research on petroleum refining processes. Traditionally, pseudo-components are used in the simulation, in which their physical properties are estimated by empirical relations and cannot be associated with actual chemical reactions, as no molecular structure is available for pseudo-components. This limitation can be overcome if real components are used. In this paper, a real component based method is proposed for the simulation of a diesel hydrotreating process by using the software of Unisim Design. This process includes reaction units and distillation units. The chemical reaction network is established by analyzing the feedstock. The feedstock is characterized by real components, which are obtained based on true boiling point curve. Simulation results are consistent with actual data.
文摘Complete conversion of resid into light oil needs to consume large amount of hydrogen, because the light oil has higher hydrogen content. The conversion of whole resid into light oil is not economic at the normal price gap between the light and heavy oils. Hence a combination of hydrogenation process with carbon removal process is generally adopted.The heavy solvent deasphalting can selectively remove the asphaltenes and metals contained in resid while providing a large amount of easily convertible deasphalted oil for the down-stream processes.This article refers to the characteristics of heavy solvent deasphalting and its application in sour resid processing, along with various routes for utilization of deoiled asphalt.
文摘The current status of catalytic reforming in China is reviewed and a forecastof the development in a couple of years or a decade is given. Distinguished from the past decade,the future trend will be focused on revamps, expansions, higher severity, diversified feeds,combination with other processes for higher product quality, and novel catalysts and equipment.
