The study firstly discusses the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, and then investigates the pyrolysis of lignite and co-pyrolysis with plastic （polyethylene or polypropyl- ...The study firstly discusses the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, and then investigates the pyrolysis of lignite and co-pyrolysis with plastic （polyethylene or polypropyl- ene） in tube furnace. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the co-pyrolysis products under different mix- ing ratios as well as pyrolysis products at different testing temperatures and heating rates. The results show that higher final testing temperature and lower heating rate contribute to bond fission in lignite pyrolysis, resulting in less char product. In co-pyrolysis, lignite acts as hydrogen donor, and the yields of char and water rise with increasing amount of plastic in the mixture, while the yields of gas and tar decrease; and a little admixture of plastic will promote the production of gas and tar. Kinetic studies indi- cate that in temperature range of 530-600℃, activation energies of lignite are higher than those of lig- nite/plastic blends, and as plastic mass ratio increases from 0% to 10%, samples need less energy to be decomposed during co-pyrolysis.展开更多
Biodiesel （BD） was made from animal-fats reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was sent to K-petro, the government agency to inspect the quality of an...Biodiesel （BD） was made from animal-fats reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was sent to K-petro, the government agency to inspect the quality of animal-fats biodiesel, of which generally the quality was acceptable for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater. Kinematic viscosity and calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. BD20（K）, kerosene based biodiesel, showed 18 cSt at -20 ~C. It seems that BD100 can not be suitable for heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for 100% BD （BD100） while, light oil calorific value was 45,567 J/g, showing difference of 5,567 J/g （about 12% difference）, Several different fuels including BD20 （biodiesel 20% ＋ light oil 80%）, BD50 （biodiesel 50% ＋ light oil 50%）, BD100 （biodiesel 100%） and light oil were prepared and tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oil were almost same shape at the same combustion condition in the burner of the hot air heater. Generally, CO2 amounts of BDs were greater than light oil, but the differences were so small that it is hard to tell there was significant difference between the BDs combustion and light oil.展开更多
New route of the utilization of products obtained by waste plastic pyrolysis has been investigated. ct-olefin-succinic-anhydride intermediate based on new experimental additives has been developed and used for achievi...New route of the utilization of products obtained by waste plastic pyrolysis has been investigated. ct-olefin-succinic-anhydride intermediate based on new experimental additives has been developed and used for achieving the better properties of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites. Hydrocarbon fractions were produced by the pure thermal pyrolysis of waste polymers in a tube reactor using 550 ℃ in the absence of oxygen. Selected compounds （C30-C50） from pyrolysis products have been used as raw materials in the additive synthesis step. Polymer composite specimens have been investigated among others by universal tensile machine, SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and FTIR （fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy） methods. The tensile strength could be increased by 29.9%, the E-modulus by 24.2% and the Charpy impact strength by 13.3% in the presence of the experimental additive. Fibre-matrix interaction has been studied on SEM micrographs of the fractured face of composites. The results of mechanical testes have been supported by the SEM micrographs and possible shames of the coupling have been proposed.展开更多
Aviation fuel is in great demand globally. The increased demand and high price for energy sources are driving efforts to convert natural non-renewable organic compounds into useful hydrocarbon fuel materials such as i...Aviation fuel is in great demand globally. The increased demand and high price for energy sources are driving efforts to convert natural non-renewable organic compounds into useful hydrocarbon fuel materials such as in form of aviation fuel. Alternate sources to these non-renewable hydrocarbon fuels are important and necessary. Much of these alternative sources are focused on biomass however, there are strong benefits of deriving fuels from waste plastic materials. Thermal processes can be used to convert waste plastics into hydrocarbon fuels like aviation fuel, which have unlimited applications in airline industries, as well as in transportation and power generation industries. These thermal processes are used to break down the long carbon chains found in plastics into the shorter chains in a temperature range from 300-450 ℃. This method has been carried out in succession in previous experiments. This simple and economically viable process has been developed to convert the hydrocarbon polymers of waste plastics into the short and medium chain hydrocarbons of liquid fuels. Based on the initial characterization, a fractionated portion of the developed fuel shows properties similar to some of the commercially available aviation fuels.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Special Found of International S&T Cooperation Project of China (No.2010DFA72730)
文摘The study firstly discusses the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, and then investigates the pyrolysis of lignite and co-pyrolysis with plastic （polyethylene or polypropyl- ene） in tube furnace. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the co-pyrolysis products under different mix- ing ratios as well as pyrolysis products at different testing temperatures and heating rates. The results show that higher final testing temperature and lower heating rate contribute to bond fission in lignite pyrolysis, resulting in less char product. In co-pyrolysis, lignite acts as hydrogen donor, and the yields of char and water rise with increasing amount of plastic in the mixture, while the yields of gas and tar decrease; and a little admixture of plastic will promote the production of gas and tar. Kinetic studies indi- cate that in temperature range of 530-600℃, activation energies of lignite are higher than those of lig- nite/plastic blends, and as plastic mass ratio increases from 0% to 10%, samples need less energy to be decomposed during co-pyrolysis.
文摘Biodiesel （BD） was made from animal-fats reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was sent to K-petro, the government agency to inspect the quality of animal-fats biodiesel, of which generally the quality was acceptable for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater. Kinematic viscosity and calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. BD20（K）, kerosene based biodiesel, showed 18 cSt at -20 ~C. It seems that BD100 can not be suitable for heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for 100% BD （BD100） while, light oil calorific value was 45,567 J/g, showing difference of 5,567 J/g （about 12% difference）, Several different fuels including BD20 （biodiesel 20% ＋ light oil 80%）, BD50 （biodiesel 50% ＋ light oil 50%）, BD100 （biodiesel 100%） and light oil were prepared and tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oil were almost same shape at the same combustion condition in the burner of the hot air heater. Generally, CO2 amounts of BDs were greater than light oil, but the differences were so small that it is hard to tell there was significant difference between the BDs combustion and light oil.
文摘New route of the utilization of products obtained by waste plastic pyrolysis has been investigated. ct-olefin-succinic-anhydride intermediate based on new experimental additives has been developed and used for achieving the better properties of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites. Hydrocarbon fractions were produced by the pure thermal pyrolysis of waste polymers in a tube reactor using 550 ℃ in the absence of oxygen. Selected compounds （C30-C50） from pyrolysis products have been used as raw materials in the additive synthesis step. Polymer composite specimens have been investigated among others by universal tensile machine, SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and FTIR （fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy） methods. The tensile strength could be increased by 29.9%, the E-modulus by 24.2% and the Charpy impact strength by 13.3% in the presence of the experimental additive. Fibre-matrix interaction has been studied on SEM micrographs of the fractured face of composites. The results of mechanical testes have been supported by the SEM micrographs and possible shames of the coupling have been proposed.
文摘Aviation fuel is in great demand globally. The increased demand and high price for energy sources are driving efforts to convert natural non-renewable organic compounds into useful hydrocarbon fuel materials such as in form of aviation fuel. Alternate sources to these non-renewable hydrocarbon fuels are important and necessary. Much of these alternative sources are focused on biomass however, there are strong benefits of deriving fuels from waste plastic materials. Thermal processes can be used to convert waste plastics into hydrocarbon fuels like aviation fuel, which have unlimited applications in airline industries, as well as in transportation and power generation industries. These thermal processes are used to break down the long carbon chains found in plastics into the shorter chains in a temperature range from 300-450 ℃. This method has been carried out in succession in previous experiments. This simple and economically viable process has been developed to convert the hydrocarbon polymers of waste plastics into the short and medium chain hydrocarbons of liquid fuels. Based on the initial characterization, a fractionated portion of the developed fuel shows properties similar to some of the commercially available aviation fuels.
