In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an e...In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an exchange of information with other agents in the game. The authors＇ system is modeled using Coq-a formal proof management system. To the best of the authors＂ knowledge, there are no papers in which knowledge games are considered using a Coq proof assistant. The authors use the dynamic logic of common knowledge, where they particularly focus on the epistemic consequences of epistemic actions carried out by agents. The authors observe the changes in the system that result from such actions. Those changes that can occur in such a system that are of interest to the authors take the form of agents＇ knowledge about the state of the system, knowledge about other agents＇ knowledge, higher-order agents＇ knowledge and so on, up to common knowledge. Besides an axiomatic ofepistemic logic, the authors use a known axiomatization of card games that is extended with some new axioms that are required for the authors＇ approach. Due to a deficit in implementations grounded in theory that enable players to compute their knowledge in any state of the game, the authors show how the authors＇ approach can be used for these purposes.展开更多
The number of people playing Massive Multiplayer Online Games （MMOGs） is growing steadily, yet there are limited studies on the social impact that this online activity has. This research, using both quantitative and...The number of people playing Massive Multiplayer Online Games （MMOGs） is growing steadily, yet there are limited studies on the social impact that this online activity has. This research, using both quantitative and qualitative data, focused on whether users of the most popular MMOG, World of Warcraft （WOW）, exhibited behaviors of social capital in their online gaming activity and whether there was any correlation to offiine social capital. The findings indicated that cooperation provided the best indicator to make a correlation about a gamer＇s offiine social capital behaviors. One conclusion, stemming from this is that, in virtual worlds, the added social capital can lead to cronyism and help those in power maintain the status quo.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an exchange of information with other agents in the game. The authors＇ system is modeled using Coq-a formal proof management system. To the best of the authors＂ knowledge, there are no papers in which knowledge games are considered using a Coq proof assistant. The authors use the dynamic logic of common knowledge, where they particularly focus on the epistemic consequences of epistemic actions carried out by agents. The authors observe the changes in the system that result from such actions. Those changes that can occur in such a system that are of interest to the authors take the form of agents＇ knowledge about the state of the system, knowledge about other agents＇ knowledge, higher-order agents＇ knowledge and so on, up to common knowledge. Besides an axiomatic ofepistemic logic, the authors use a known axiomatization of card games that is extended with some new axioms that are required for the authors＇ approach. Due to a deficit in implementations grounded in theory that enable players to compute their knowledge in any state of the game, the authors show how the authors＇ approach can be used for these purposes.
文摘The number of people playing Massive Multiplayer Online Games （MMOGs） is growing steadily, yet there are limited studies on the social impact that this online activity has. This research, using both quantitative and qualitative data, focused on whether users of the most popular MMOG, World of Warcraft （WOW）, exhibited behaviors of social capital in their online gaming activity and whether there was any correlation to offiine social capital. The findings indicated that cooperation provided the best indicator to make a correlation about a gamer＇s offiine social capital behaviors. One conclusion, stemming from this is that, in virtual worlds, the added social capital can lead to cronyism and help those in power maintain the status quo.
