三轴车悬架动力学参数的匹配

为了提高多轴车的平顺性,以三轴车为例,建立了三轴车的数学模型,分别提出3种悬架刚度匹配方案和3种阻尼系数匹配方案,由此组合出9种悬架动力学参数匹配方案.通过在不同路面输入下,对9种方案分别进行仿真分析,分析了路面输入以及动力学参数匹配方案对车辆平顺性多个指标产生的影响.在不同的路面输入和具体的设计目的下,提出了不同的悬架动力学参数匹配方案,获得了设计目的相关指标最优性能的设计方法.结果表明:在随机路面输入下,要获得最小车身加速度,悬架动力学参数匹配应采用偏频相同、阻尼比相同的方案;要获得最小车身俯仰角加速度,应采用刚度三轴相同、阻尼中间轴较大的方案.

酵母菌株ZZ-46利用木质纤维素水解液产油脂的研究

利用小麦秸秆和甘蔗渣制备木质纤维素水解液,确立了可行的脱毒方法,研究酵母菌株Trichosporon dermatis ZZ-46在脱毒水解液与未脱毒水解液中的发酵产油能力,并采用摇瓶发酵培养,对菌株发酵过程、产油能力、发酵动力学以及油脂脂肪酸组成进行了探索。结果表明:采用氢氧化钙与活性炭混合脱毒法最佳,此时糠醛毒性物质含量最低,仅为0.032 2μg/mL,ZZ-46利用该脱毒水解液发酵产油较高,120 h时为ZZ-46最佳培养时间,生物量、油脂产量、油脂含量分别为18.502 g/L、6.793 g/L、36.71%。发酵动力学分析表明:ZZ-46的底物消耗与菌体生长同步,属于与菌体生长相关型,而油脂积累则属于与菌体生长部分相关型。不饱和脂肪酸含量较高是该油的特点。这对发酵木质纤维素水解液产油脂的研究具有重要意义。

Thermogravimetric characteristics and different kinetic models for medical waste composition containing polyvinyl chloride-transfusion tube

Thermogravimetric study of medical transfusion tube （MTT） waste containing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA） with N2, at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 ℃/min. The purpose is to obtain pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters of medical waste. The experimental results indicate that the pyrolysis behavior of the MTT sample is in agreement with its main ingredient of PVC, appearing two stair stepping stages. The influence of the additives in MTT on pyrolysis behavior was also revealed, which could improve MTT pyrolysis at lower temperature in the first stage, and cause obvious unsmoothness and asymmetry of the second DTG peak. Four n-order kinetic models of Coats-Redfern, Ozawa, Kissinger and Freeman-carroll were used to get the kinetic parameters. Furthermore, a novel ＂two-step four-reaction model＂ was established to simulate the whole continuous process. The different methods and the kinetic parameters thus obtained were discussed and compared with each other in literatures. The reasons of deviation among kinetic values were tried to be elucidated. The new established model could more satisfactorily describe the pyrolysis process of MTT, being more mechanistic and conveniently serving for the engineering.

A parametric study on the contact stress of half toroidal continuously variable transmission

The most general contact in mechanical transmission is the elliptical one. In particular, a toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) has an elliptical shape in the contact area under the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime, where the shearing of the fluid subjects to high contact stress and transmits the power. Many parameters affect the contact service performance of the half toroidal CVT, which include the properties of the contacting material (Young抯 modulus), operating parameters (input torque and maximum traction coefficient) and geometrical parameters (aspect cavity ratio, curvature ratio and half cone angle of the power roller). In this paper, the contacts between the input disk, the power roller and the output disk are formulated using the classical Hertzian contact theory. Based on the formulated equations, different system parameters, which affect the maximum Hertzian stresses, are compared. The comparative results will provide some observations of the relations between the maximum Hertzian stresses and transmission ratios in the form of graphs. These graphs give useful information for designer to know the maximum Hertzian stress during operation in such systems.

SPH-FEM simulations of microwave-treated basalt strength

Microwave precondition has been highlighted as a promising technology for softening the rock mass prior to rock breakage by machine to reduce drill bit/cutter wear as well as inverse production rate.To numerically explore the effect of numerical parameters on rock static strength simulation,and determine the numerical mechanical parameters of microwave-treated basalts for future drilling and cutting simulations,numerical models of uniaxial compression strength(UCS)and Brazilian tensile strength(BTS)were established with the coupling of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element method(SPH-FEM).To eliminate the large rock strength errors caused by microwave-induced damage,the cohesion and internal friction angle of microwave-treated basalt specimens with the same microwave treatment parameters were calibrated based on a linear Mohr-Coulomb theory.Based on parametric sensitivity analysis of SPH simulation of UCS and BTS,experimental UCS and BTS values were simultaneously captured according to the same set of calibrated cohesion and internal friction angle data,and the UCS modeling results are in good agreement with experimental tests.Furthermore,the effect of microwave irradiation parameter on the basalt mechanical behaviors was evaluated.

Pyrolytic Degradation of Olive Waste Residue （OWR） by TGA： Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Kinetic Study

Olive oil is an important food industry product in Mediterranean countries. Large quantities of OWR （olive waste residue） are generated during a two- or three-phase separation process. This represents a major pollution problem for the industry and oil farms. The OWR is a source of substances of high value and can be used as a low-cost renewable energy. This work studied the behaviour of OWRs during the thermal decomposition process. The experiments of the slow pyrolysis process of three different waste olive products as olive pomace, olive tree pruning and olive kernels were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates, using a thermogravimetric balance. The samples were heated to a maximum temperature of 1,023 K, with four different heating rates of 2, 5, 10, 15 K/min. A comparison of different isoconversional （Flynn-Wall-Ozawa）, not-isoconversional （Kissinger） model-free and model-fitting （Freeman-Carroll） methods to calculate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor is presented. In the Kissinger method the kinetic parameters were invariant for the whole pyrolysis process. While, in the case of Freeman-Carroll, it differs with change of the heating rate. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa technique revealed the ＂not one-step＂ mechanism of reaction that occurs during the slow pyrolysis process. The kinetic data obtained in nitrogen atmosphere may provide more useful information for engineers for a better and complete description of the pyrolysis process and can be helpful to predict the kinetic model.