水动力弥散温度效应的砂槽试验研究

通过改变温度条件下的二维砂槽水动力弥散实验,分析温度对弥散作用的影响,探讨弥散度在时间和空间上的变化规律,以及分析分子扩散作用在横向弥散和纵向弥散中的作用。

化工流程泵用干气密封的设计与应用

针对茂名石化乙烯公司改造项目中异戊烷泵的密封要求,自行设计制造了配套用的干气密封系统。介绍了该干气密封的结构、工作原理以及其在实际装置中的运行情况。

基于自动导引小车系统盆栽水稻高通量输送系统的设计

针对栽培区中盆栽水稻需频繁搬运的问题,该文以自动导引小车AGV(automated guided vehicle)系统为核心设计了一套盆栽水稻高通量输送系统。盆栽水稻高通量输送系统包括AGV、无动力种植槽、输送线、上下线机、通讯与控制系统等。水稻主要通过AGV和输送线实现移动。无动力种植槽成行放置于栽培区中,且每个无动力种植槽中栽培24株水稻。AGV按照指令从栽培区中提取种植槽,并将其移动至上下线机,24株盆栽水稻通过上下线机整体进入输送线,并依次移动至指定地点进行作业,作业完成后24株盆栽水稻从上下线机又整体离开输送线,由AGV将盆栽水稻放回原址。AGV移动时通过激光条码定位,定位准确,误差为±5 mm。AGV移动速度快,最高速度达60 m/min。AGV移动平稳,取放、移动种植槽时,盆栽水稻不易倾翻。随机选取的240株盆栽水稻进行输送试验,试验表明,盆栽水稻高通量输送系统联机自动运行可以满足盆栽水稻表型检测速度要求,AGV提取和存放盆栽水稻时位置准确,无歪斜无碰撞,盆栽水稻在移动过程,状态平稳,无倾翻,无折断现象,而且实现了温室中设备的分区管理。该研究成果为其他温室盆栽植物输送提供了参考。

Optimum design of flow distribution in quenching tank for heat treatment of A357 aluminum alloy large complicated thin-wall workpieces by CFD simulation and ANN approach

Based on the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method, a quenching tank with two agitator systems and two flow-equilibrating devices was selected to simulate flow distribution using Fluent software. A numerical example was used to testify the validity of the quenching tank model. In order to take tank parameters （agitation speed, position of directional flow baffle and coordinate position in quench zone） into account, an approach that combines the artificial neural network （ANN） with CFD method was developed to study the flow distribution in the quenching tank. The flow rate of the quenching medium shows a very good agreement between the ANN predicted results and the Fluent simulated data. Methods for the optimal design of the quenching tank can be used as technical support for industrial production.

CFD-supported optimization of flow distribution in quench tank for heat treatment of A357 alloy large complicated components

The flow distribution in quench tank for heat treatment of A357 alloy large complicated components was simulated using FLUENT computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software.The flow velocity and the uniformity of flow field in two types of quench tanks（with or without agitation system） were calculated.The results show that the flow field in the quench tank without agitation system has not evident regularity.While as for the quench tank with agitation system,the flow fields in different parameters have certain regularity.The agitation tanks have a distinct advantage over the system without agitation.Proper process parameters were also obtained.Finally,the tank model established in this work was testified by an example from publication.This model with high accuracy is able to optimize the tank structures and can be helpful for industrial production and theoretical investigation in the fields of heat treatment of large complicated components.

聚四氟乙烯油封密封性能的研究

针对目前国产聚四氟乙烯油封泵油效果不好和跟随性差的问题,研究了动压螺旋槽设计参数对油封密封性能及聚四氟乙烯材料烧结工艺对油封跟随性的影响。通过理论分析和试验验证,结果表明:合理选择动压螺旋槽的设计参数,能有效改善聚四氟乙烯油封的泵油效果,提高其密封性能;选择合适的烧结工艺,可以提高聚四氟乙烯油封的回弹性,从而提高其跟随性,改善其密封效果。

Measuring the Internal Velocity of Debris Flows Using Impact Pressure Detecting in the Flume Experiment

Measuring the internal velocity of debris flows is very important for debris flow dynamics research and designing debris flow control works. However, there is no appropriate method for measuring the internal velocity because of the destructive power of debris flow process. In this paper, we address this problem by using the relationship between velocity and kinetic pressure, as described by surface velocity and surface kinetic pressure data. Kinetic pressure is the difference of impact pressure and static pressure. The former is detected by force sensors installed in the flow direction at the sampling section. Observations show that static pressure can be computed using the formula for static water pressure by simply substituting water density for debris flow density. We describe the relationship between surface velocity and surface kinetic pressure using data from seven laboratory flume experiments. It is consistent with the relationship for single phase flow, which is the measurement principle of the Pitot tube.

Investigation of Fluid Flow in a Dual Rushton Impeller Stirred Tank Using Particle Image Velocimetry

The flow fields in a dual Rushton impeller stirred tank with diameter of 0.48 m （T） were measured by using Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV）. Three different size impellers were used in the experiments with diameters of D = 0.33T, 0.40T and 0.50T, respectively. The multi-block and 360° ensemble-averaged approaches were used to measure the radial and axial angle-resolved velocity distributions. Three typical flow patterns, named, merging flow, parallel flow and diverging flow, were obtained by changing the clearance of the bottom impeller above the tank base （C1） and the spacing between the two impellers （C2）. The results show that while C1 is equal to D, the parallel flow occurs as C2≥0.40T, C2≥0.38T and C2≥0.32T and the merging flow occurs as C2≤0.38T, C2≤0.36T and C2≤0.27T for the impellers with diameter of D=0.33T, 0.40T and 0.50T, respectively. When C2 is equal to D, the diverging flow occurs in the value of C1≤0.15T for all three impellers. The flow numbers of these impellers were calculated for the parallel flow. Trailing vortices generated by the lower impeller for the diverging flow were shown by the 10° angle-resolved velocity measurements. The peak value of turbulence kinetic energy （ k/V^2tip = 0.12-0.15 or above） appears along the center of the impeller discharging stream.

Effect of bionic mantis shrimp groove volute on vortex pump pressure pulsation

In order to reduce pressure pulsation of vortex pumps,the mantis shrimp was chosen as biological prototype and a bionic engineering model was developed from its abdominal segment grooves.Bionic mantis shrimp groove volute vortex pump models with different numbers of grooves were developed,and numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the models to study the effects of the volute grooves on the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump.The results show that a bionic groove volute could effectively improve the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump outlet,and reduce the pressure pulsation around the pump’s tongue and other internal points.The pressure pulsation under different conditions is impacted by shaft frequency and blade frequency.The bionic groove structure has little effect on the external characteristics of the pump,but could improve the static pressure,velocity distribution,and vortex structure of the flow field.Additionally,pressure pulsation of the whole vortex pump is reduced.

Numerical simulation of busbar configuration in large aluminum electrolysis cell

Various busbar configurations were built and modeled by the custom code based on the commercial package ANSYS for the 500 kA aluminum electrolysis cell.The configuration parameters,such as side riser entry ratio,number of cathode bars connected to each riser,vertical location of side cathode busbar and short side cathode busbar,distance between rows of cells in potline,the number of neighboring cells,ratio of compensation busbar carried passing under cell and its horizontal location under cell along with large magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) computation based on the custom evaluation function were simulated and discussed.The results show that a cell with riser entry ratio of 11:9:8:9:11 and cathode busbar located at the level of aluminum solution,50% upstream cathode current passing under cell for magnetic field compensation,the distance between rows of 50 m is more stable.

Hydrodynamic Performance of Multiple-Row Slotted Breakwaters

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of multiple-row vertical slotted breakwaters. We developed a mathematical model based on an eigenfunction expansion method and a least squares technique for Stokes second-order waves. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases of double-row and triple-row walls are in good agreement with results of previous studies and experimental results. Comparisons with experimental measurements of the reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients （CR, Cr, and CE） for double-row walls show that the proposed mathematical model adequately reproduces most of the important features. We found that for double-row walls, the CR increases with increasing wave number, kd, and with a decreasing permeable wall part, din. The Cr follows the opposite trend. The CE slowly increases with an increasing kd for lower kd values, reaches a maximum, and then decreases again. In addition, an increasing porosity of dm would significantly decrease the CR while increasing the Cr. At lower values of kd, a decreasing porosity increases the CE, but for high values of kd, a decreasing porosity reduces the Ce. The numerical results indicate that, for triple-row walls, the effect of the arrangement of the chamber widths on hydrodynamic characteristics is not significant, except when kd〈0.5 Double-row slotted breakwaters may exhibit a good wave-absorbing performance at kd〉0.5, where by the horizontal wave force may be smaller than that of a single wall. On the other hand, the difference between double-row and triple-row vertical slotted breakwaters is marginal.

Retrospect and Perspective of Micro-mixing Studies in Stirred Tanks

Mixing problems are most likely encountered and sometimes can be severe in scaling-up projects. Micro-mixing is an important aspect for fast or quasi-instantaneous reactions. Poor micro-mixing might produce more undesired by-products, leading to higher purification costs. This paper gives an extensive review and analysis of micro-mixing studies in single- and multi phase stirred tanks. The relevant experiment techniques, micro-mixing models and nurherical approaches are critically reviewed and analyzed with remarks and perspectives. The reported studies on two-phase micro-mixing experiments and on the impact of the presence of the dispersed phases on turbulence have been limited to a narrow range of conditions. More importantly, disparities widely exist among different reports. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian models are based on oversimplified assumptions, which may lead to uncertainties or even unrealistic results. A heuristic model, which is from the perspective of CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and can cover the whole spectrum of scales and also focus on every subrocess, is desired in the future.

Simulation of Solid Suspension in a Stirred Tank Using CFD-DEM Coupled Approach＊

Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM) coupled approach was employed to simulate the solid suspension behavior in a Rushton stirred tank with consideration of transitional and rotational motions of millions of particles with complex interactions with liquid and the rotating impeller. The simulations were satisfactorily validated with experimental data in literature in terms of measured particle velocities in the tank.Influences of operating conditions and physical properties of particles(i.e., particle diameter and density) on the two-phase flow field in the stirred tank involving particle distribution, particle velocity and vortex were studied.The wide distribution of particle angular velocity ranging from 0 to 105r·min 1is revealed. The Magnus force is comparable to the drag force during the particle movement in the tank. The strong particle rotation will generate extra shear force on the particles so that the particle morphology may be affected, especially in the bio-/polymer-product related processes. It can be concluded that the CFD-DEM coupled approach provides a theoretical way to understand the physics of particle movement in micro- to macro-scales in the solid suspension of a stirred tank.

石油焦输送系统转运站抑尘降尘方法研究与应用

石油焦在转运站输送过程中会产生大量粉尘,对现场工作人员的健康造成巨大隐患,传统的除尘方法是采用布袋除尘器对其周围环境进行抑尘降尘处理,其耗能大、安全系数低。针对这一问题,将无动力除尘技术应用于石油焦输送系统转运站抑尘降尘,对原有的输焦导料槽进行改进,设计了一种二级循环无动力导料槽装置。首先对装置的设计原理和整体结构进行分析,并对主要零部件的功能进行详细阐述;然后分析了设备的安全性能和密封性能,并在某石化公司实施,实测了无动力除尘技术应用前后各个转运站导料槽的粉尘浓度,验证了设备的可靠性和实用性。该二级循环无动力导料槽装置具有安全性高、零能耗、抑尘降尘效果明显和降低接尘工作人员职业病发病率的优势。

Characteristics from a hydrodynamic model of a trapezoidal artificial reef

Flume experiments and numerical simulation were conducted to characterize the hydrodynamics of a trapezoid artificial reef.Measurements in particle image velocimetry were conducted to observe the formation of upwelling and vortices;and forces for the reef model were measured by load cell.The results of flume experiments agree well with the numerical data.In addition,the flow structure around a reef combining trapezoidal and cubic blocks was simulated numerically under two deployment schemes,showing a more complicated flow structure than that of a stand-alone reef.Relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number suggest that the degree of turbulence can be assessed from the value of drag coefficient downstream from the reef.The role of the reef in water flow is to reduce flow velocity and generate turbulence.

Analysis of the Modes of Vibration and Static Resistance of the Frame of a Stirred Tank

The present study focuses on the design and choice of materials （steels S355 and 45SCD6） of a chassis of stirred tank （with a variable filling rate） for use in the manufacturing of cosmetic products. This tank or trough will be submitted to important mechanical and thermal loads and pressure according to the various manufacturing processes. The authors propose a model of thermal and mechanical loads which takes into account the operating conditions of the tank. The analysis of the first 10 modes of vibration of the frame shows that the frequencies are much higher when the filling rate is high. They are higher for steel 45SCD6 than for the $355. The simulation results show that for a selected type of steel, the equivalent Von Mises stress increases along with increase in fill rates and thermal gradient. It appears that the influence of the thermal gradient is predominant. For both steels, the Von Mises equivalent stress is maximum in the beam 32 when the thermal gradient is at its lowest stage, and in the beam 40 for the greatest thermal gradient.

The Influence of Modulated Slotted Synthetic Jet on the Bypass of Hump

This paper deals with the influence of phase modulated synthetic jet on the aerodynamics of the hump in a closed test section Of the Eiffel-type wind tunnel. Three experimental methods of measurement techniques of this phenomenon were used： the pressure profile using the Kiel total pressure probe, the velocity profile using the CTA （constant temperature anemometry） probe and the visualization of the flow field using the hot film and the thermo camera, The experimental results with and without the influence of the synthetic jet were compared, as well the impact of the phase shift of the neighbouring synthetic jets. As a reference case, the flow around the hump without the influence of the synthetic jet was selected. The results of the measurement are presented in figures and compared.