论英语动词进行体的动化功能

运用进行体通常是动态动词 ,而静态动词一般不用于进行体。但是 ,当静态动词出现于进行体 ,它们不仅将静态意义转化为动态意义 ,而且还增添了进行体的过程性并可根据当时的语静表达出多种含义。

从使动-自动和主动-被动转换看汉英语的语序类型特征

一些汉语研究者认为汉语是使动-自动句式突出的语言,英语是主动-被动句式突出的语言,本文认为该观点无法得到语言事实的支持。四种句式在两种语言中都较突出,差别在于英语的使动和被动之间难以进行转换,而汉语能够进行使动-自动-被动转换,即通过自动句式这个媒介将使动和被动联系起来。主要原因是汉语的补语在动词情态中立功能和方式义-结果义中立功能的基础上,发展出使动-自动-被动中立功能,从而促使汉语中形成"受事话题+动词+补语"的句法结构,从而使汉语的S/O枢纽模式得到加强,进而使汉语的作格特性得到加强,而英语维持着较强的宾格语特征。

Sensing for advancing mining automation capability:A review of underground automation technology development

This paper highlights the role of automation technologies for improving the safety, productivity, and environmental sustainability of underground coal mining processes. This is accomplished by reviewing the impact that the introduction of automation technology has made through the longwall shearer automation research program of Longwall Automation Steering Committee(LASC). This result has been achieved through close integration of sensing, processing, and control technologies into the longwall mining process. Key to the success of the automation solution has been the development of new sensing methods to accurately measure the location of longwall equipment and the spatial configuration of coal seam geology. The relevance of system interoperability and open communications standards for facilitating effective automation is also discussed. Importantly, the insights gained through the longwall automation development process are now leading to new technology transfer activity to benefit other underground mining processes.

Different effects of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin on gastroduodenal motility in conscious rats

Three peptides, ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin are derived from a common prohormone, preproghrelin by posttranslational processing, originating from endocrine cells in the stomach. To examine the effects of these peptides, we applied the manometric mea- surement of gastrointestinal motility in freely moving conscious rat models. Ghrelin exerts stimulatory ef- fects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in both fed and fasted state of animals. Des-acyl ghrelin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum, but not on the motility of duodenum in the fasted state of ani- mals. Obestatin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in the fed state, but not in the fasted state of animals. NPY Y2 or Y4 receptors in the brain may mediate the action of ghrelin, CRF type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of obestatin. Vagal afferent pathways might be involved in the action of ghre- lin, but not involved in the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas vagal afferent pathways might be partially involved in the action of obestatin.

Effect of graphene on mechanical properties of cement mortars

Functionalized graphene nano-sheets(FGN) of 0.01%-0.05%(mass fraction) were added to produce FGN-cement composites in the form of mortars. Flow properties, mechanical properties and microstructure of the cementitious material were then investigated. The results indicate that the addition of FGN decreases the fluidity slightly and improves mechanical properties of cement-based composites significantly. The highest strength is obtained with FGN content of 0.02% where the flexural strength and compressive strength at 28 days are 12.917 MPa and 52.42 MPa, respectively. Besides, scanning electron micrographs show that FGN can regulate formation of massive compact cross-linking structures and thermo gravimetric analysis indicates that FGN can accelerate the hydration reaction to increase the function of the composite effectively.

A Statistical Parameter Analysis and SVM Based Fault Diagnosis Strategy for Dynamically Tuned Gyroscopes

Gyro's fault diagnosis plays a critical role in inertia navigation systems for higher reliability and precision. A new fault diagnosis strategy based on the statistical parameter analysis (SPA) and support vector machine (SVM) classification model was proposed for dynamically tuned gyroscopes (DTG). The SPA, a kind of time domain analysis approach, was introduced to compute a set of statistical parameters of vibration signal as the state features of DTG, with which the SVM model, a novel learning machine based on statistical learning theory (SLT), was applied and constructed to train and identify the working state of DTG. The experimental results verify that the proposed diagnostic strategy can simply and effectively extract the state features of DTG, and it outperforms the radial-basis function (RBF) neural network based diagnostic method and can more reliably and accurately diagnose the working state of DTG.

Predicting Resting-state Functional Connectivity With Efficient Structural Connectivity

The complex relationship between structural connectivity(SC) and functional connectivity(FC) of human brain networks is still a critical problem in neuroscience. In order to investigate the role of SC in shaping resting-state FC, numerous models have been proposed. Here, we use a simple dynamic model based on the susceptible-infected-susceptible(SIS) model along the shortest paths to predict FC from SC. Unlike the previous dynamic model based on SIS theory, we focus on the shortest paths as the principal routes to transmit signals rather than the empirical structural brain network. We first simplify the structurally connected network into an efficient propagation network according to the shortest paths and then combine SIS infection theory with the efficient network to simulate the dynamic process of human brain activity. Finally, we perform an extensive comparison study between the dynamic models embedded in the efficient network, the dynamic model embedded in the structurally connected network and dynamic mean field(DMF) model predicting FC from SC. Extensive experiments on two different resolution datasets indicate that i) the dynamic model simulated on the shortest paths can predict FC among both structurally connected and unconnected node pairs; ii) though there are fewer links in the efficient propagation network, the predictive power of FC derived from the efficient propagation network is better than the dynamic model simulated on a structural brain network; iii) in comparison with the DMF model,the dynamic model embedded in the shortest paths is found to perform better to predict FC.

N-acetylcysteine attenuates alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the rat

AIM: There is increasing evidence that alcohol-induced liverdamage may be associated with increased oxidative stress.We aimed to investigate free-radical scavenger effect of n-acetylcysteine in rats intragastrically fed with ethanol.METHODS: Twenty-four rats divided into three groups werefed with ethanol (6 g/kg/day, Group 1), ethanol and n-acetylcysteine (1 g/kg, Group 2), or isocaloric dextrose(control group, Group 3) for 4 weeks. Then animals weresacrificed under ether anesthesia, intracardiac blood andliver tissues were obtained. Measurements were performedboth in serum and in homogenized liver tissues.Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by TBARSmethod. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) levels were studied by commercial kits.Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: ALT and AST in Group 1 (154 U/Land 302 U/L,respectively) were higher than those in Group 2 (94 U/L and155 U/L) and Group 3 (99 U/L and 168 U/L) (P＝0.001 forboth). Serum and tissue levels of MDA in Group 1 (1.84 nmol/mL and 96 nmol/100 mg-protein) were higher than Group 2(0.91 nmol/mL and 64 nmol/100 mg-protein) and Group 3(0.94 nmol/mL and 49 nmol/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001 forboth). On the other hand, serum GSH-Px level in Group 1(8.21 U/g-Hb) was lower than Group 2 (16 U/g-Hb) andGroup 3 (16 U/g-Hb) (P＜0.001). Serum and liver tissue levelsof SOD in Group 1 (11 U/mL and 26 U/100 mg-protein)were lower than Group 2 (18 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein)and Group 3 (20 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001for both).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ethanol-induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress,and co-administration of n-acetylcysteine attenuates thisdamage effectively in rat model.

Twist-related locomotion of a snake-like robot

As a hyper-redundant robot, a 3D snake-like robot can perform many other configurations and types of locomotion adapted to environment except for mimicking the natural snake locomotion. The natural snake locomotion usually limits locomotion capability of the robot because of inadequacy in the mechanism and actuation to imitate characters of natural snake such as the too many DOFs and the characteristics of the muscle. In order to apply snake-like robots to the unstructured environment, the researchers have designed many gaits for increasing the adaptability to a variety of surroundings. The twist-related locomotion is an effective gait achieved by jointly driving the pitching-DOF and yawing-DOF, with which the snakelike robot can move on rough ground and even climb up some obstacles. In dfis paper, the twist-related locomotion function is firstly solved, and simplified to be expressible by sine or cosine function. The 2D locomotion such as V-shape and U-shape is achieved. Also by applying it to the serpentine locomotion or other types of locomotion, the snake-like robot can complete composite locomotion that combines the serpentine locomotion or others with twist-related locomotion. Then we extend the twist-related locomotion to 3D space. Finally, the experimental results are presented to validate all above analyses.

Clinical impact of selective transarterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma:A cohort study

AIM： To prospectively long term clinical impact evaluate the short and of selective transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） on fiver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. To assess side effects in relation to treatments. To analyze the overall survival and HCC progression free survival probability. METHODS： One hundred and seventeen cirrhotic patients with HCC were enrolled. Baseline liver function included Child-Pugh score and serum levels of alanine- aminotransferase （ALT）, prothrombin time （PT） and bilirubin. According to Cancer Liver Italian Program （CLIP） and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer （BCLC） staging systems, 71 patients were eligible for TACE; 32 had previously received treatment for HCC. No significant differences in liver function were observed between previously treated and not treated patients. TACE was performed by selective catheterization of the arteries nourishing the lesions. While hospitalized, patients underwent clinical, hematologic and ultrasonographic assessments. One month after TACE a CT scan was performed to assess tumor response. A second TACE was performed ＂on demand＂ Liver function tests were checked in all patients every four months. RESULTS： After first TACE, the mean Child-Pugh score increased from a mean baseline 5.62 ±1.12 to 6.11 ±1.57 at discharge time （P 〈 0.0001）, decreasing after four months to 5.81 ± 0.73 （not significant）. ALT, PT and bilirubin significantly （P 〈 0.0001） increased 24 h after TACE and progressively decreased until discharge. After the second TACE, variations in Child-Pugh score, ALT, PT and bilirubin were comparable to that described after the first TACE. No major complications were observed. The mean follow-up was 14.7 ＋ 6.3 mo （median： 16 mo）. Only one patient died. No other patient experienced important long term worsening of clinical status. The overall survival probability at twenty-four months was 98.18% with a correspondent HCC progression free survival probability of 69%. CONCLUSION： Selective TACE may produce significant, but transitory increases in ALT values, with no major impact on liver function and Child-Pugh score. Preservation of liver function is achievable also in patients previously treated with other therapeutic modalities and in patients undergoing multiple TACE cycles. Liver function can remain stable in the long-term, with optimal medium term survival. This result can be achieved through rigorous patient selection on the basis of tumour characteristics and clinical conditions.

A movement-assisted software-defined sensor network with NFV support

A flexible and controllable movement-assisted software-defined sensor network(MA-SDSN)based on the software-defined network(SDN)and network function virtualization(NFV)is proposed.First,a three-layer fundamental architecture is proposed to overcome the inherent distributed management and rigidity of the conventional wireless sensor networks.Furthermore,the platform for research and development of MA-SDSN is established,and the dumb node(DN),the software-defined node(SN)and the movement-assisted node(MN)are designed and implemented.Then,the southbound application programming interface(API)is designed to provide a series of frames for communication between controllers and sensor nodes.The northbound API is developed and demonstrated overall and in detail.The functions of the controller are presented including topology discovery,dynamic networking,packet processing,mobility management and virtualization.Followed by the MA-SDSN network model,a Markov chain-based movement-assisted weighted relocation(MMWR)topology control algorithm is proposed to redeploy the MNs based on the node status and weight.Simulation results and analysis indicate that the proposed algorithm based on the MA-SDSN extends network lifetime with a lower average power consumption.

Which prognostic factors should be used in pulmonary arterial hypertension in elderly patients？

In recent times, the prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension creased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, arterial stiffness, （PAH） is more commonly seen among elderly populations. The inas well as diastolic dysfunction, may cause endothelial dysfunction and affect pulmonary vasculature. Furthermore, older patients have certain differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes. In this article the special characteristics of aging in PAH patients have been reviewed, while the risk predictors of elderly patients are also discussed.

Improvement of mount preparations in showing myenteric nerve plexus from intestines of mice

Objective: The whole mount preparations of digestive tract is an effective experimental way to study the appearance and distribution of nerve plexus in digestive tract. Although myentric nerve plexus preparations technique was reported very early. But we have done experiment over and over during our research work in order to improve this traditional method and to meet the needs of our research work, we made some progresses in regular mount preparations after many experiments, which helped offer better situation in observing myentric nerve plexus. Methods: Five healthy male adult Kunming mice (20-30 g in weight) were used in this study. After intraperitoneal injection of muscle relaxant, with dislocation of cervical vertebra method, the abdominal cavity was exposed through abdominal median incision. After several steps of mount preparations the mucous layer and longitudinal muscle layer mount preparations with myentric nerve plexus were stripped under anatomical microscope. Immunohistochemical staining was also used in our study. Results: The mount preparation samples with myentric nerve plexus from intestines of mice showed positive SP immunoreaction. The positive cells were dark brown. Many of the cytons appeared circular and oval, while some appeared triangular or irregular. Conclusion: Our improved method is really a good method to show enteric nerve plexus. The method has many advantages and is particularly applied to small animals such as Kunming mice and BALB/c mice, weighing from 20 g to 30 g.

Diagnostic value of fine motor deficits in patients with low-grade hepatic encephalopathy

AIM: The role of motor dysfunction in early diagnosis of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy remains uncertain. We performed a pilot study to comparatively investigate the kinematic characteristics of small and large rapid alternating movements in patients with liver cirrhosis and low-grade hepatic encephalopathy.METHODS: A kinematic analysis of alternating handwriting (7.5 mm) and large drawing movements (DM, 175 mm) was performed in 30 patients with liver cirrhosis (no hepatic encephalopathy: n = 10; minimal hepatic encephalopathy: n = 9; grade I hepatic encephalopathy: n = 11; healthy controls: n = 12). The correlation between kinematic parameters, clinical neuro-psychiatric symptoms of cerebral dysfunction and the grade of encephalopathy was investigated.RESULTS: Both movement types, handwriting and drawing, were significantly slower in cirrhotic patients. In contrast to large DM, the deterioration of handwriting movements significantly correlated with the increase of symptoms of motor dysfunction and differentiated significantly within the group of cirrhosis patients corresponding to the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: The deterioration of fine motor control is an important symptom of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy. The kinematic analysis of handwriting allows the quantitative analysis of alterations of motor function and is a possible tool for diagnostics and monitoring of motor dysfunction in patients with low-grade hepatic encephalopathy.

Androgen actions on endothelium functions and cardiovascular diseases

The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells （ECs） which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genornic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.

Exercise training and antioxidant supplementation independently improve cognitive function in adult male and female GFAP-APOE mice

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine if antioxidant supplementation, moderate exercise, and the combination of both treatments could ameliorate cognitive performance in adult mice and whether the apolipoprotein E （APOE） genotype as well as sex could influence the functional outcomes of the treatments. Methods： For a period of 16 weeks, separate groups of male and female mice expressing either the human APOE3 or APOE4 isoforms were fed either a control diet （NIH-31） or the control diet supplemented with vitamins E and C （1.12 IU/g diet a-tocopheryl acetate and 1.65 mg/g ascorbic acid）. The mice were further separated into a sedentary group or a group that followed a daily exercise regimen. After 8 weeks on the treatments, the mice were administered a battery of functional tests including tests to measure cognitive and affective function. Results： There was no effect of genotype or treatment on the learning performance in the Morris water maze. In the discriminated avoidance task, APOE4 mice performed better in learning the discrimination component of the task. Overall, exercise improved performance of APOE4 and APOE3 mice on various aspects of the active avoidance task. Antioxidant supplementation improved performance only in the APOE4 mice. On the test for anxiety, APOE4 mice spent more time in the open arms and supplementation with antioxidant reversed that effect. Conclusion： Exercise was the most effective treatment at improving cognitive function in both genotypes and sex, while antioxidants seemed to be effective only in the APOE4. In young adult mice only non-spatial learning and memory were improved. The combination of the two treatments did not yield further improvement in cognition, and there was no antagonistic action of the antioxidant supplementation on the beneficial effects of exercise.

A Decreased Responsiveness of Platelet to Nitric Oxide in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits

Objective:To determine whether endothelial dysfunction leads to an abnormal responsiveness of platelet to nitric oxide(NO)during the development of atherosclerosis. Methods:Rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol chow for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis.Serum NOx levels and the responsiveness of platelet to NO donor SNP were determined every 4 weeks during maintaining on a chow containing 1% cholesterol.The measurement of serum lipids and the examination of morphological feature and endothelial-dependent relaxation of aorta were performed after 12 weeks of cholesterol diet. Results:Cholesterol diet significantly increased serum levels of cholesterol and LDL,caused a remarkable platelet hyperaggregability,and produced an evident endothelial dysfunction as indicated by the diminished vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine and endothelial cell lesion as exhibited by scanning electron microscope examination.The percentage of inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by NO donor SNP was significantly smaller in cholesterol chow group than that in normal chow group although no significant difference in serum NOx levels between normal and cholesterol chow group was observed throughout the development of atherosclerosis. Conclusion:The present study suggests that the endothelial dysfunction caused by enhanced serum cholesterol and LDL levels induces a decreased responsiveness of platelet to NO.

Evaluation of Essential Oils from Rosemary, Orange, Lavandula and False Yellowhead on Hatching and Motility of Root-Knot Nematode

Essential oils （EOs） from Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis （Lamiaceae）, Orange, Citrus sinensis （Rutaceae）, Lavandula, Lavandula angustifolia （Lamiaceae）, False Yellowhead, Dittrichia viscosa （Asteraceae） and their major components were evaluated against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogynejavanica. Second stage juveniles＇ （J2） paralysis and egg hatch inhibition were studied, while pulverized plant parts were tested for nematodes biological cycle arrest. All EOs paralyzed J2 and M. incognita were found more sensitive than M javanica with the EC50/4 days calculated at 250, 3,650 and 4,260 12g/mL for 1）. viscosa, L. angustifolia and R. officinalis, respectively. Similarly, all EOs inhibited nematodes egg hatch and D. viscosa exhibited the highest inhibition on egg hatch （100% inhibition at 5 μg/mL）. A significant influence of constituent terpenes （limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, L-borneol, caryophyllene oxide, β-eudesmol） dose and exposure time was indicated on egg hatch inhibition （56% to 100% at 500 μg/mL and 1,000 μg/mL）, while only β-eudesmol achieved paralysis of J2 and specifically against M. incognita （EC50/1d = 50μg/mL）. Interestingly, the most active botanical species arresting Meloidogyne spp. biological cycle in soil was C. sinensis （EC50 = 2 mg/g） and the most sensitive nematode species was M. javanica. The larvicidal and egg hatch inhibition activity holds promise towards the optimization of artificial terpene mixtures as novel and effective natural nematicides. Complex interactions of primary compounds and subsequent decomposition derivates compose efficacy profile of soil amendments.

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Mimicking a Neoplasm in a Goeldi＇s Monkey （Callimico goeldii）

Extramedullary hematopoiesis consists in the appearance and proliferation of hematopoietic cells outside the bone marrow. In this article, the authors describe a case of hepatosplenic hematopoiesis in a 9-year-old, male Goeldi＇s monkey concurrent with a Calodium hepaticum infestation, belonging to the Lisbon＇s Zoo primate collection （Portugal）. Lesions were identified upon necropsy after euthanasia due to the presence of an apparently non-excisable, metastatic aortic mass. Histopathological analysis of samples taken was carried out and immunohistochemical staining was used to characterize the cellular population involved, confirming the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis. To the best of the authors＇ knowledge, this is the first report of hepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a Goeldi＇s monkey.

Machine Recognition of Plan Typologies： Shotgun and Foursquare

The evolution of expert and knowledge-based systems in architecture requires the gradual population of building specific databases. Often these databases are slow to evolve due to the time consuming nature of effectively categorizing building features in a meaningful way that allows for retrieval and reuse. New advances in artificial intelligence such as Hierarchical Temporal Memory （HTM） have the potential to make the construction of these databases more realistic in the near future. Based on an emerging theory of human neurological function, HTMs excel at ambiguous pattern recognition. This paper includes a first experiment using HTMs for learning and recognizing patterns in the form of two distinct American house plan typologies, and further tests the relationship of HTM＇s recognition tendencies in alternate house plan types. Results from the experiment indicate that HTMs develop a similar storage of quality to humans and are therefore a promising option for capturing multi-modal information in future design automation efforts.