动名构式语义建构的选择机制

以常用动名搭配“刷N”的语义建构过程为基点,考察其原型义项和非原型义项的语义凸显特征以及不同义项的原型性程度,对动名构式语义的选择机制进行了详细探讨。研究发现:1)在原型义项的动名构式中,动词是整个搭配结构的中心成分,是合成结构的侧面决定体,有限制地选择与之搭配的名词,即动词的语义凸显特征制约了其后名词宾语的范围。2)在非原型义项的动名构式中,名词对整个合成结构的语义具有制约作用,动词作为侧面决定体的角色有所弱化,名词的语义被凸显出来,有限制地选择与其搭配的动词。因此,动名构式的不同语义不仅取决于作为侧面决定体的动词的语义,而且名词不同语义特征的凸显在其中也扮演着重要角色。

论新兴动名构式“刷X”

“刷”作为汉语基本词,自古到今就具有很强的构词能力,且“刷X”构式具有高能产性。通过分析、对比新兴动名构式与常规动名式“刷X”,发现新兴构式有以下几方面特征:“形”的角度,“刷X”动名之间已逐渐定型化,“刷”和“X”之间关系紧密,形义粘合度较高。“义”的角度,新兴构式语义透明度低,并逐渐凝固形成词汇义。从“功能”角度,新兴构式句法分布空间大、主观性较强,具有较高的语境规约性。

认知语法视角下的动名化构式

V-ingof构式是英语动词名词化的主渠道。V-ing与DAN均源于及物的行为动词,其语义功能大体相似,但语法特征和语用功能却不尽相同。以认知语法理论为导向,结合功能语素-ing和of,可以分别从形态、语法、语义、语用诸角度考察V-ing和DAN存在的理据。

生成整体论视角下“动宾动词＋名宾”构式的生成--构式创新的一个动因

生成整体论认为,整体和部分不是简单的还原关系,而是大整体和小整体的关系;小整体的意义是不确定的,是由大整体决定的,大整体的大环境可以促使小整体在相邻关系制约下直接影响或决定小整体的语义识解,小整体又可以促成某一构式(大整体)的生成。本文在生成整体论的基本原则和徐盛桓"双及物构式的生成过程和机理"的启发下发现:动宾动词+名宾构式中动宾式动词的及物化过程,是构式作为大整体对作为其成分动词的小整体在相邻/相似原则制约下使小整体发生形式/语义异范畴化的过程,是构式作为大整体通过反映人类认知特征的相邻律和集约律支配动宾式动词成分(小整体)的形式和语义选择,再通过相似律的制约使动宾式动词获得及物动词的一般特征,最终使动宾式动词进入动宾构式,实现及物化。这个过程不是随意的,而是人类认知特征在构式组织过程的具体反映。这一机制不仅可以解释动宾式动词+名宾构式的生成,也可以解释其他构式创新的动因。

动名化构式V-ing of研究综观

英语"行为动作名词化"有广义与狭义之分:前者囊括动态动词的派生名词,后者专指动词实现名词化的主渠道——动名化构式V-ing of;其产生具有多种动因,同时存在语法语义限制。它不同于一般动名词结构,其V-ing也有别于一般DN。

认知-功能语法理论对动名化构式的反观

V-ing of是英语动词名词化最常见的构式。虽然V-ing与DAN均源于及物的行为动词,其语义功能大体相似,而语法特征和语用功能却不尽相同。本文采取认知-功能语法理论导向,结合功能语素-ing和of,分别从形态、语法、语义及语用角度考察V-ing和DAN存在的理据。

A Study of Three Variants of Gerund Construction from the Contrastive Perspective of Social and Natural Academic Abstracts on Construction Grammar Theory

English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including "Gerund + Φ", "Gerund + of + NP", and "Gerund + NP". The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.