动态扰动对围岩力学性质及破坏模式的影响

矿山开采过程中,围岩容易受到掘进爆破等动态扰动作用而产生失稳破坏。为此,使用Blast-UM型爆破测振仪对新城金矿Ⅳ#矿体-680 m中段开采过程中的爆破震动信号进行监测,利用小波变换技术将监测信号转换为应力波形,利用自行研制的摆锤冲击加载SHPB试验装置,通过改变锤头的形状和控制锤头的冲击速度,以获得与监测波形较为相似的加载波形,对取自-680 m中段花岗岩试样进行动态巴西盘试验。研究结果表明:花岗岩的动态抗拉强度随着冲击速度的增大而增大,并表现出明显的应变率效应。试样沿着加载直径方向呈现劈裂破坏模式,与入射杆、透射杆接触面处的"V"字型破坏区随着冲击速度的增大而趋于明显。所设计的试验装置为测试巷道围岩的动态破坏机理提供了一种有效的试验手段。

Brazilian disc test study on tensile strength-weakening effect of high pre-loaded red sandstone under dynamic disturbance

Tensile failure(spalling or slabbing)often occurs on the sidewall of deep tunnel,which is closely related to the coupled stress state of deep rock mass under high pre-static load and dynamic disturbance.To reveal the mechanism of rock tensile failure caused by this coupled stress mode,the Brazilian disc tests were carried on red sandstone under high pre-static load induced by dynamic disturbance.Based on the pure static tensile fracture load of red sandstone specimen,two static load levels(80%and 90%of the pure static tensile fracture load)were selected as the initial high pre-static loading state,and then the dynamic disturbance load was applied until the rock specimen was destroyed.The dynamic disturbance loading mode adopted a sinusoidal wave(sine-wave)load,and the loading wave amplitude was 20%and 10%of the pure static tensile fracture load,respectively.The dynamic disturbance frequencies were set to 1,10,20,30,40,and 50 Hz.The results show that the tensile failure strength and peak displacement of red sandstone specimens under coupled load actions are lower than those under pure static tensile load,and both parameters decrease significantly with the increase of dynamic disturbance frequency.With the increase of dynamic disturbance frequency,the decrease range of tensile strength of red sandstone increased from 3.3%to 9.4%when the pre-static load level is 80%.While when the pre-static load level is 90%,the decrease range will increase from 7.4%to 11.6%.This weakening effect of tensile strength shows that the deep surrounding rock is more likely to fail under the coupled load actions of pre-static load and dynamic disturbance.In this tensile failure mechanism of the deep surrounding rock,the stress environment of deep sidewall rock determines that the failure mode of rock is a tensile failure,the pre-static load level dominates the tensile failure strength of surrounding rock,and dynamic disturbance promotes the strength-weakening effect and affects the weakening range.

摆锤冲击加载下砂岩中应变率动力特性的试验研究

利用摆锤冲击加载SHPB试验装置，通过改变摆锤锤头的形状和控制锤头的冲击速度，以获得较为理想的加载波形，进行岩石动态压缩试验和动态巴西盘试验，测试砂岩试样的动态抗压强度和抗拉强度，并分析砂岩试样的抗压和抗拉强度随摆锤锤头冲击速度的变化规律。动态抗压强度试验过程中岩样破裂时的应变率为100～102/s，这是人们通常认为的中应变率范围，动态巴西盘试验时试样中心拉应力所对应的加载速率为100～400 GPa/s。测得砂岩试样的动态抗压和抗拉强度都随着摆锤冲击速度的增大而增大，表现出一定的应变率相关性。巴西盘试样最终沿着加载直径方向破坏成两半，但是试样和入射杆、透射杆接触面处的“V”字型破坏区随着冲击速度的增大而趋于明显。摆锤冲击加载的优势在于能够直接获得岩石分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验所需的理想的入射波形，该装置为测试中应变率条件下岩石的强度和破裂过程提供了一种试验手段。

砂岩黏性对抗拉强度加载率效应影响的试验研究

利用摆锤冲击加载SHPB试验装置,进行砂岩和人造岩心长杆冲击试验和动态巴西盘试验,测试砂岩和人造岩心的黏性系数,分析砂岩和人造岩心强度的加载率效应。利用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法得到绿砂岩、人造岩心A和B的黏性系数分别为100,10和5 k Pa·s。开展不同黏性岩石的动态巴西盘试验,测得砂岩和人造岩心试样的动态抗拉强度随着加载率的增大而增大,表现出一定的加载率相关性;证明了黏性对岩石强度加载率效应的影响,但两者并非正相关;在较小的加载速率下,岩石黏性导致试样中传播的应力波能量衰减,在巴西盘中心点起裂的裂纹沿加载直径方向扩展但是不足以使试样破坏成两半,从而验证了巴西盘裂纹起裂位置。