基于DEA的京津冀区域协同发展动态效度评价

采用数据包络分析(DEA)模型测度京津冀协同发展的动态效度,并分析导致三地协同度差异的原因。研究结果表明,京津冀地区协同发展效度并没有达到最优,但协同度总体效率越来越好;北京、天津的协同度大于河北;京津冀三地的投入要素使得产出最大化,但投入与产出比例没有达到最优。最后,依据京津冀协同效度和发展定位提出了相应的对策建议。

基于数字孪生与动态能效模型的综合能源系统实时优化调度策略

传统综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的日优化调度由于设备建模过于简化、预测模型精度低、信息捕获与传输不及时导致能源利用率低、经济与社会效益差。为解决上述问题,文章提出一种基于数字孪生与动态能效模型的综合能源系统实时优化调度策略。首先,针对传统预测方法精度不足的问题,构造长短期记忆神经网络与相似日气象搜索算法相结合的组合预测模型;其次,考虑到设备能效系数易受负载率及环境因素的影响发生扰动,建立设备的动态能效模型;然后,分别建立系统的物理模型与数字孪生体,通过环境、负荷等各项孪生数据,进行新能源机组出力与负荷的预测及IES实时优化;最后,基于Cloudpss平台建立园区综合能源系统测试模型,验证所提策略的有效性。结果表明,所提策略能实现信息的实时捕获与传输、提高模型计算精度,在兼顾运行成本的前提下提高能源利用率,对实际工程具有指导意义。

空调系统动态运行能效的探讨

根据空调系统运行的动态特点,分析了空调系统全年和典型日的变化;通过对空调系统主要组成部分的性能研究,为系统动态性能的研究奠定了基础,提出了空调系统动态运行能效的概念,它是指空调系统在运行工况下的综合能效,而不是设计条件下的能效,也不是系统某个组成部分的能效;针对空调系统部分负荷下的运行,综述了国内外在空调系统动态性能以及节能运行调控策略方面的研究。

基于经济模型预测控制的光伏光热一体化热泵系统动态能效优化

光伏光热一体化热泵(photovoltaic/thermal integrated heat pump,PV/T-HP)技术是实现低碳建筑高效供热的重要途径之一。然而,PV/T-HP系统的能源输入及负荷需求通常处于动态变化中,导致系统偏离稳态设计工况,运行能效下降。为解决这一问题,该文采用经济模型预测控制(economic model predictive control,EMPC)算法实现PV/T-HP系统在动态运行环境中的能效优化。首先,建立PV/T-HP建筑热水供应系统的动态仿真非线性机理模型,并采用子空间辨识方法获得简化的局部线性化状态空间模型。然后,基于系统的状态空间模型设计EMPC控制架构,以动态平均能效比为目标函数,以供热品质及设备运行要求为约束条件,逐时求解最优输入变量,实现滚动优化。最后,设计仿真验证实验,分析系统热电能量输运特性,并与传统模型预测控制方法(model predictive control,MPC)进行对比。结果表明,所提出的EMPC算法可以根据源荷变化,实现PV/T-HP多变量控制系统的高效协调动作,在满足热水负荷及温度要求的条件下,显著提升系统的动态运行综合能效。

基于TOPSIS和灰色关联投影法的区域碳效率动态综合评价——以泛珠三角为例

为弥补传统碳效率评价偏向绝对量指标或者少数几个指标的单点式评价的不足,选取相对量指标,从经济、人口、福利多个维度并兼顾地区发展实际与公平原则,构建区域碳效率评价指标体系。将TOPSIS法与灰色关联投影分析相结合,并利用时间序列平均算子二次加权以实现对泛珠三角9省(自治区)2011—2020年碳效率的动态综合评价。静态与动态评价研究结果显示:该区域碳效率发展水平存在差异,其中海南省碳效率总体水平较高,为0.530;贵州省碳效率相对较低,为0.162;海南省比贵州省高出227%。福建省碳效率呈上升趋势,由2011年的0.327上升至2020年的0.498,增长了52.3%。研究认为,应该制定差异化减排策略、加大技术经费投入、增强社会福利、引进人才以实现低碳经济发展。

微燃机三联供机组变工况动态能效优化多目标非线性经济预测控制

针对分布式燃气冷热电联供机组的大范围变负荷跟踪需求和运行过程动态能效提升的迫切性,提出一种基于乌托邦点跟踪框架的微燃机三联供机组多目标非线性经济预测控制方法。首先,根据微燃机冷热电联供机组机理模型深入分析机组运行过程的非线性特征,并以此构建了能够表征机组非线性的人工神经网络非线性预测模型;然后,根据机组㶲效率计算公式,分析影响机组㶲效率的关键影响因素,并以此构建反映机组负荷跟踪性能和动态能效的多目标优化经济预测控制问题。最后,通过仿真实验验证表明所提多目标非线性经济预测控制算法能够在满足微燃机三联供机组冷热电3种负荷大范围变工况跟踪精度的同时,改善机组动态运行过程中的能效和经济性。

能源经济的动态分析及能效水平研究

能源经济是能源的经济价值,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。它与人们的日常生活和社会的经济发展有着密不可分的关系。能源在开发和利用的过程中,受到市场、价格、供求关系等各种经济因素的影响。能源经济学正是在这种背景下发展起来的一门年轻的科学。能源经济的动态分析则是在考虑各种经济因素在一定的经济周期内,对整个能源经济体系产生的影响。本文主要分析我国能源经济的发展动态,研究如何提高能源的利用水平。

《孤境》——关于社交孤独感与手机依赖症的MG动态视效设计

随着手机网络媒体应用技术的发展,在日常生活中人们对手机的依赖程度越来越高,手机网络对时间的不断吞噬导致一部分群体一旦离开手机就表现出焦躁不安的情绪,甚至导致一部分群体沉迷于网络社交却将这种半封闭的虚拟社交误以为自己的社交状态是一种令人满意的结果。针对手机依赖症导致的社交孤独感这一社会现象,本文对MG动画的艺术表现手法进行设计研讨,以期通过动态视效设计引发人们对手机依赖症和社交孤独感的思考和反省。

人事心理学中的效标研究

该文对人事心理学领域里的效标研究进行回顾，溉述了多重效标和合成效标及动态效标几个重要方面的研究成果，并提出了两个问题：（1）能否为不同的职务或职务群建立合适的效标体系；（2）根据效标的动态性，应定期或不定期地对效标体系进行修订。

基于PSR和改进灰色TOPSIS的园区客户能效评估模型

为提升园区客户能效,在优化客户能效前需评估其能效水平,以寻找用能的薄弱环节。考虑能效指标间的动态关系,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型从3个维度选取评价指标,构建动态能效指标体系。结合主成分分析和相关性分析优化能效评价指标体系,剔除体系中的冗余指标。构建改进灰色TOPSIS能效评估模型,引入熵权法计算指标的客观权重,利用加权灰色关联度代替欧式距离作为距离测度改进模型,对园区客户能效水平进行综合评估,并从压力、状态和响应3个子系统维度分析用能状况。通过对工业园区10个典型客户能效水平进行评估,分析可知响应性能较好的客户的综合能效评价结果较高,验证了PSR指标体系可行性。通过与其他方法评估结果对比验证了评估模型的有效性。

绿色基站能效评估技术及发展趋势

近十年来移动通信行业高速发展,网络规模急剧扩大,能耗呈指数增长趋势。基站能效评估已成为当前推动移动通信网络节能减排的重要手段,并发挥了重要作用。国内外标准化组织相继开展通信产品能效评估方法的研究工作,有计划、有步骤地推动能效评估方法的标准化。

Numerical Investigations on Dynamic Stall Characteristics of a Finite Wing

The paper examines the dynamic stall characteristics of a finite wing with an aspect ratio of eight in order to explore the 3D effects on flow topology,aerodynamic characteristics,and pitching damping.Firstly,CFD methods are developed to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of wings.The URANS equations are solved using a finite volume method,and the two-equation k-ωshear stress transport(SST)turbulence model is employed to account for viscosity effects.Secondly,the CFD methods are used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of both a static,rectangular wing and a pitching,tapered wing to verify their effectiveness and accuracy.The numerical results show good agreement with experimental data.Subsequently,the static and dynamic characteristics of the finite wing are computed and discussed.The results reveal significant 3D flow structures during both static and dynamic stalls,including wing tip vortices,arch vortices,Ω-type vortices,and ring vortices.These phenomena lead to differences in the aerodynamic characteristics of the finite wing compared with a 2D airfoil.Specifically,the finite wing has a smaller lift slope during attached-flow stages,higher stall angles,and more gradual stall behavior.Flow separation initially occurs in the middle spanwise section and gradually spreads to both ends.Regarding aerodynamic damping,the inboard sections mainly generate unstable loading.Furthermore,sections experiencing light stall have a higher tendency to produce negative damping compared with sections experiencing deep dynamic stall.

Inchworm locomotion gait for snakelike robot

To establish a universal and easily controlled gait for practical use of snakelike robot movement, an inchworm locomotion gait model based on a serpenoid curve is presented. By analyzing the relations of two adjacent waves in the process of locomotion and doing an approximation of the serpenoid curve, the motion function of relative angles between two adjacent links and the absolute angles between each link and the baseline on the traveling curve are built. Two efficiency criterions of the gait are given as the energy loss function f and the unit displacement in one cycle dunit.Three parameters of the criterions affecting the efficiency of the gait （ the number of links that form the traveling wave n, the included angle between two adjacent links α, and the phase difference of adjacent included angles β） are discussed by simulations and experiments. The results show that f is insensitive to n; raising n increases dunit significantly; the maximum wave amplitude of α is a decreasing function of n; and increasing α reduces the displacement influence off when n is determined. The gait model is suitable for different inchworm locomotions of a snakelike robot whose traveling waves are formed by different numbers of identical links. A wave formed by more links or a greater relative angle between two adjacent links both lead to greater velocity of the movement.

Bioturbation Effects of Benthic Fish on the Phosphorus Dynamic in Overlying Water of Paddy Field

[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on phosphorus dynamic in overlying water of paddy field,as well as to explore the bioturbation mechanism.[Method]Based on simulation experiment,the phosphorus contents in overlying water were analyzed comparatively with and without Misgurnus anguillicaudatus by the using of ion chromatography and spectrophotometry.[Result]The concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)and particular phosphorus(PP)in bioturbation group had no significant differences with those in control group in initial stage of experiment,and became significantly higher than control group in middle and late stages of experiment(P<0.05). The PP/TP ratios in bioturbation group were bigger than those in control group,the increase of TP concentration in bioturbation group was mainly due to the increase of PP. The ratios of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) to DTP (DIP/DTP) were significantly bigger than those in control group in middle and late stages of experiment(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The benthic fish had bioturbation effects on phosphorus in overlying water of paddy field,which increased the available phosphorus for rice growth.

Quantitative Variations of Five Anthraglucosides in Rhubarb

应用高效液相色谱法测定大黄1—5年不同生长年限、植株不同发育阶段、植株不同部分中番泻式A(sennoside A,SA),大黄酸-8-葡萄糖甙(rhein-8-O-β-D-glucoside,R8G),大黄酸甙(rheinoside)A(RA),C(RC),D(RD)等五种蒽甙类成分的含量,结果表明:(1)大黄随生长年限的延长,五种蒽甙类成分的总含量呈递增趋势,但第二年以后增加缓慢;(2)不同发育阶段中五种蒽甙的总量以果熟期为最高;(3)大黄的根系中五种蒽甙的总含量依下列顺序递减:主根茎→细根→主根及支根→支根茎;茎部只含少量大黄酸甙 D,叶不含任何蒽甙类成分。本研究有利于确定大黄合理的采收年限和季节,以及大黄资源的合理利用。

Modeling GPS multipath effect based on spherical cap harmonic analysis

Most GPS positioning errors can be eliminated or removed by the differential technique or the modeling method,but the multipath effect is a special kind of system or gross error,so it is difficult to be simulated or eliminated.In order to improve the accuracy of GPS positioning,the single-epoch pseudorange multipath effects at GPS station were calculated,and firstly modeled based on the spherical cap harmonic（SCH）,which is the function of satellite longitude and latitude with the robust method.The accuracy of the kinematic point positioning technique was improved by correcting pseudorange observations with the multipath effect calculated by the SCH model,especially in the elevation direction.The spherical cap harmonic can be used to model the pseudorange multipath effect.

Multi-field dynamic modeling and numerical simulation of aluminum alloy resistance spot welding

In order to explore the influence of welding parameters and to investigate the Al alloy (AA) nugget formation process, a comprehensive model involving electrical-thermal-mechanical and metallurgical analysis was established to numerically display the resistance spot welding (RSW) process within multiple fields and understand the AA-RSW physics. A multi-disciplinary finite element method (FEM) framework and a empirical sub-model were built to analyze the affecting factors on weld nugget and the underlying nature of welding physics with dynamic simulation procedure. Specifically, a counter-intuitive phenomenon of the resistance time-variation caused by the transient inverse virtual variation (TIVV) effect was highlighted and analyzed on the basis of welding current and temperature distribution simulation. The empirical model describing the TIVV phenomenon was used for modifying the dynamic resistance simulation during the AA spot welding process. The numerical and experimental results show that the proposed multi-field FEM model agrees with the measured AA welding feature, and the modified dynamic resistance model captures the physics of nugget growth and the electrical-thermal behavior under varying welding current and fluctuating heat input.

机械加工工艺单元多分辨率实体动态能效获取方法

机械加工工艺单元是机械加工过程的基本构成单元和活动的主体。为适应机械加工过程能量精细化管理的要求,通过分析机械加工工艺单元设备层、制造单元层的能量消耗动态特性,建立面向不同层级的能效指标体系。基于多分辨率实体(Multiple resolution entity,MRE)的思想,采用离散事件系统规范(Discrete event system specification,DEVS)的层次化建模方法,构建机械加工工艺单元MRE动态能效模型,获取工艺单元运行过程中能量利用率、能量消耗与有效产出(加工利润、合格品数量、材料去除量)等动态信息。结合Eclipse平台下的CD++插件对实际案例进行仿真分析,验证该方法的有效性。