钢琴作品动态混响渲染效果对比评价研究

目的:传统古典音乐总是在一个物理特性不变的厅堂里演出,在这种环境下,音乐空间感是单一的、稳定的。随着电子技术的发展,厅堂混响可以随音乐演出变化,这为传统音乐的创作、演绎和聆听带来了新的可能。因而,文章提出将混响作为新的音乐创作元素、符号,在创作音乐时就将混响融入其中的设计思路。方法:首先介绍混响独特的艺术表现特征,以及动态变化混响的设计思路。为了验证这种随音乐演奏同步进行空间混响变化的音乐是否比传统固定不变混响下的音乐具有更好的听感效果,以钢琴作品为例,进行主观对比评价实验。实验以4首不同风格的经典钢琴音乐作品和1首根据动态混响音乐创作理念原创的钢琴作品为例,运用实验心理学的方法,对比在固定不变混响的房间里重放干声钢琴音乐信号和对干声信号进行动态混响渲染处理的音乐信号的听感差异。结果:通过实验确定动态混响二次创作与渲染的钢琴音乐作品相比于传统固定不变混响的音乐具有更强的立体感、氛围感、层次感、画面感、灵动感和空间弹性感。结论:随音乐变化的混响打破了以往单一、不变的音乐空间创作方式和聆听体验,能带来一种全新的空间变换的感受。

Rigid-Plastic Dynamic Response of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier Impacted by Automobile

Bridge piers are impacted by autos sometimes. The pier usually has not been destroyed after once impact by auto. But there are few research on damage which will affect pier's capability, and most relative studies have focused the problems on piers impacted by vessels. The methods involve mainly sutra experience theory, numerical analysis, and experimental method. Owing to the complicacy of the bridge pier impacted by a vessel, there are few research derived with the sutra mechanics model and the piers impacted by autos. The dynamic response is studied here under the assumption of the rigid-plastic small-deformation for the pier impacted by auto. According to the Parkes beam model, the rigid-plastic theoretical solution is deduced. The final deformation is calculated by a practical example for the pier impacted by auto.