比较与借鉴:刑事诉讼价值权衡的方法论基础

刑事诉讼价值权衡,就是由裁判者依据一定程序和方法对冲突的利益确定其轻重而进行的衡量与选择活动。中国刑事诉讼的现代化之路,即是一部价值权衡的曲折史。在方法论层面,比较与借鉴法学方法论以及两大法系中经验,中国刑事诉讼法可确立"综合式利益衡平模式",融合"静态位阶方法"和"动态衡平方法";同时,作为保障,需要克服部门利益化、职业利益化的偏狭心态,完善刑事诉讼法立法艺术,培植刑事诉讼"法权感",力求利益均衡化、最大化。

服装技术创新与知识产权制度

针对服装技术创新与知识产权制度问题,从认识服装技术创新的概念入手,分析服装技术创新过程中的技术溢出效应、传播与扩散作用,知识产权制度的保障作用、促进作用,提出技术创新与知识产权制度两者间的互动性的观点。而且要用知识产权制度调整服装业技术创新过程中的相关关系,达到动态衡平。进而认为:动态衡平需要钢性条件保证;动态衡平需要有法律、政策环境;知识产权的权利冲突需要完善立法以致衡平。服装技术创新建议完善在先权制度,撤消异议程序,无效补正程序以及无效宣告程序;简化程序和手续,及时保护发明;加大奖励力度,促进服装知识产权的产业化,充分发挥知识产权制度对服装技术创新的动态衡平作用。

Equilibrium Control Theory and Direct Method of Feedback Linearization for Nonlinear Time Varying Systems

Aim To present a simple and effective method for the design of nonlinear and time varying control system. Methods A new concept of dynamic equilibrium of a system and its stability were presented first. It was pointed out that what is controlled directly by the input of a control system is the system's dynamic equilibrium rather than the states. Based on it, a new feedback linearization method for nonlinear system based on the Lyapunov direct method was given. Simulation studies were also carried out. Results The example and simulation show that by use of the method, the controller design becomes very simple and the control effect is quite satisfying. Conclusion The new method unifies the stabilizing problem(regulating problem) with the tracking problem. It is a very simple and effective method for the design of nonlinear and time varying control system.

Dynamic load balancing based on restricted multicast tree in triplet-based hierarchical interconnection network

To solve the load balancing problem in a triplet-based hierarchical interconnection network（THIN） system, a dynamic load balancing （DLB）algorithm--THINDLBA, which adopts multicast tree （MT）technology to improve the efficiency of interchanging load information, is presented. To support the algorithm, a complete set of DLB messages and a schema of maintaining DLB information in each processing node are designed. The load migration request messages from the heavily loaded node （HLN）are spread along an MT whose root is the HLN. And the lightly loaded nodes（LLNs） covered by the MT are the candidate destinations of load migration; the load information interchanged between the LLNs and the HLN can be transmitted along the MT. So the HLN can migrate excess loads out as many as possible during a one time execution of the THINDLBA, and its load state can be improved as quickly as possible. To avoid wrongly transmitted or redundant DLB messages due to MT overlapping, the MT construction is restricted in the design of the THINDLBA. Through experiments, the effectiveness of four DLB algorithms are compared, and the results show that the THINDLBA can effectively decrease the time costs of THIN systems in dealing with large scale computeintensive tasks more than others.

Adsorption of Dye from Wastewater by Zeolites Synthesized from Fly Ash:Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

The removal performance of a basic dye, methylene blue (MB), in aqueous solution was investigated by adsorption process on single-phase and high-crystalline zeolite A (FA-ZA) and X (FA-ZX). Both adsorbents FA-ZA and FA-ZX were synthesized from fly ash prepared aluminosilicate gel followed by the hydrothermal treatment at 100°C with the control of Si/Al molar ratio, respectively. The properties of the synthetic zeolites and commercial grade zeolites, such as thermal stability, elemental composition, and cation exchange capacity, were investigated for comparison. Batch method was used to study the influential parameters, such as initial pH value of the solution, temperatures, and adsorbents dosage, on the adsorption process. The experimental data were well fitted by Ho’ pseudo-second-order model and liquid film diffusion model. The suitability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to the equilibrium data was investigated in the solid-liquid system while the Langmuir model produces the best re-sults. Thermodynamic data (△H, △S, and △G) corresponding to the MB uptake were evaluated from the Langmuir model. In all the adsorption experiments, the adsorption capacity followed the order as follows: FA-ZX > FA-ZA. In addition, attempts were also made to regenerate the adsorbents.

Study on the application of active balancing device to solve the vibration problem for the rotor with bending fault

The rotor with bending faults that occurrs on the rotating machinery usually vibrates seriously. This paper investigates to apply the active balancing device on a flexible rotor with bending faults to solve the vibration problem. Two problems are studied by finite element method firstly： Where the balance actuator is fixed on the shaft and how much the balancing capacity of the active balancing device is needed. The experiment is then carried out on the test rig, which consists of a flexible rotor with bending faults. The test results indicate that the bending rotor peak vibration response can be decreased from 550~m to 40~tm below by using the active balancing device. The peak vibration response decreases approximately by 93 %. The synchronous vibration due to the rotor bending faults can be controlled effectively by using ac- tive balancing device. The active balancing device is especially adapted to solve the problem caused by thermal distortion with time-variation and randomness, which is varied with working conditions, thus it has good practical value in practice.

Dynamic unbalance detection of cardan shaft in high-speed train based on EMD-SVD-NHT

Contrary to the aliasing defect between the adjacent intrinsic model functions(IMFs) existing in empirical model decomposition(EMD), a new method of detecting dynamic unbalance with cardan shaft in high-speed train was proposed by applying the combination between EMD, Hankel matrix, singular value decomposition(SVD) and normalized Hilbert transform(NHT). The vibration signals of gimbal installed base were decomposed through EMD to get different IMFs. The Hankel matrix constructed through the single IMF was orthogonally executed through SVD. The critical singular values were selected to reconstruct vibration signs on the basis of the key stack of singular values. Instantaneous frequencys(IFs) of reconstructed vibration signs were applied to detect dynamic unbalance with shaft and eliminated clutter spectrum caused by the aliasing defect between the adjacent IMFs, which highlighted the failure characteristics. The method was verified by test data in the unbalance condition of dynamic cardan shaft. The results show that the method effectively detects the fault vibration characteristics caused by cardan shaft dynamic unbalance and extracts the nature vibration features. With comparison to the traditional EMD-NHT, clarity and failure characterization force are significantly improved.

A Prospective, Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Treatment Versus Traditional Balance Treatment in Patients with Stroke

Recovery from stroke needs different time and speed in every case depending on the brain capacity of neural plasticity. Based on neurophysiological researches high repetition of practice is required to induce neuroplastic changes and functional recovery of motor deficits. However, data from earlier studies shows that stroke patients generally perform a very limited number of movement repetitions in traditional therapy sessions. Virtual Reality therapy was found to be beneficial in improving trunk, hand, upper and lower extremity functions. However, reviews found no definitive conclusions regarding balance. The present study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of Nintendo WiiTM on balance and gait functions of stroke patients. Twenty one hemiparetic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either control or therapy groups. Effectiveness was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer balance subtest, Functional Ambulation Categories （FAC）, Romberg （R）, sharpened Romberg （SR）, one-legged stance （OLS）, six-meter walking test （6MWT） and timed up and go test （TUG）. The analysis revealed a significant effect of training with Nintendo Wii M for FAC z = 0.0267, FMBS z = 0.0046, OLST2 z = 0.0068 and OLS1 z = 0.0067 （affected side）. The control group demonstrated improvement in R （z = 0.0474） and SR （z = 0.0411）. In both groups improvement was detected in functional mobility and 6MWT （control group z = 0.0069, Wii groupz = 0.0123）. No significant differences were found between groups. Findings of the current study support that balance treatment with Nintendo WiiTM is similarly effective method to improve static balance and functional mobility when compared with conventional therapy.

A Dynamic Load Balancing Method of Cloud-Center Based on SDN

In order to balancing based on data achieve dynamic load flow level, in this paper, we apply SDN technology to the cloud data center, and propose a dynamic load balancing method of cloud center based on SDN. The approach of using the SDN technology in the current task scheduling flexibility, accomplish real-time monitoring of the service node flow and load condition by the OpenFlow protocol. When the load of system is imbalanced, the controller can allocate globally network resources. What＇s more, by using dynamic correction, the load of the system is not obvious tilt in the long run. The results of simulation show that this approach can realize and ensure that the load will not tilt over a long period of time, and improve the system throughput.

Salt-Water Dynamics in Soils: V. Salt Balance in Soil Profiles

Salt balance in simulated soil columns was calculated on the basis of a large amount of long termobservation data. The results showed that under the climate conditions of senii-arid region of the Hnaiig-Huai-Hai Plain, the soils in the columns were under salt accumulation conditions when the groundwater depthwas controlled at less than 2.0 m, and under desalinization conditions when at larger than 2.5 m. In the soilcolnmns with clay soil and silty loam soil intercalated with a clay layer, the aniount of salt accumulated wasfar less than that in the soil column with silty loain soil throughout the whole profile. Under no irrigationconditions crop planting niay increase groundwater evaporation and hence salt accumulation in soil, mforingthe soil colnmns under desalinization be under salt accumulation conditions.

The Stepping Motion of Brownian Particle Derived by Nonequilibrium Fluctuation

The direct motion of Brownian particle is considered as a result of system derived by external nonequilibriumfluctuating. The cooperative effects caused by asymmetric ratchet potential, external rocking force and additive colorednoise drive a Brownian particle in the directed stepping motion. This provides this kind of motion of kinesin along amicrotubule observed in experiments with a reasonable explanation.

Dynamic balancing with rotating radial electromagnetic force

A method of producing rotating radial electromagnetic force with a separable structure is proposed, and an experimental model was designed on which open loop vibration control experiments were carried out. Experimental results prove that the electromagnetic force designed has a constant magnitude and an uniform speed, and the idea of using an electromagnetic force as an active control in automatic balancing is correct in principle, and practicable in engineering.

Expression profiling suggests a regulatory role of gallbladder in lipid homeostasis

AIM: To examine expression profile of gallbladder using microarray and to investigate the role of gallbladder in lipid homeostasis.METHODS: 33P-labelled cDNA derived from total RNA of gallbladder tissue was hybridized to a cDNA array representing 17 000 cDNA clusters. Genes with intensities ≥2 and variation ＜0.33 between two samples were considered as positive signals with subtraction of background chosen from an area where no cDNA was spotted. The average gray level of two gallbladders was adopted to analyze its bioinformatics. Identified target genes were confirmed by touch-down polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.RESULTS: A total of 11 047 genes expressed in normal gallbladder, which was more than that predicted by another author, and the first 10 genes highly expressed (high gray level in hybridization image), e.g. ARPC5 (2 225.88±90.46), LOC55972 (2 220.32±446.51) and SLC20A2 (1 865.21±98.02), were related to the function of smooth muscle contraction and material transport. Meanwhile, 149 lipid-related genes were expressed in the gallbladder, 89 of which were first identified (with gray level in hybridization image), e.g. FASN (11.42±2.62), APOD (92.61±8.90) and CYP21A2 (246.11±42.36), and they were involved in each step of lipid metabolism pathway. In addition, 19 of those 149 genes were gallstone candidate susceptibility genes (with gray level in hybridization image), e.g. HMGCR (10.98±0.31), NPC1 (34.88±12.12) and NR1H4 (16.8±0.65), which were previously thought to be expressed in the liver and/or intestine tissue only. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder expresses 11 047 genes and takes part in lipid homeostasis.

Dynamic balancing of dual-rotor system with very little rotating speed difference

Unbalanced vibration in dual-rotor rotating machinery was studied with numerical simulations and experiments. A new method is proposed to separate vibration signals of inner and outer rotors for a system with very little difference in rotating speeds. Magnitudes and phase values of unbalance defects can be obtained directly by sampling the vibration signal synchronized with reference signal. The balancing process is completed by the reciprocity influence coefficients of inner and outer rotors method. Results showed the advantage of such method for a dual-rotor system as compared with conventional balancing.

Implementation Study of Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm of Parallel Tree Computation on Clusters of Heterogeneous Workstation

The rapid growth of interconnected high performance workstations has produced a new computing paradigm called clustered of workstations computing. In these systems load balance problem is a serious impediment to achieve good performance. The main concern of this paper is the implementation of dynamic load balancing algorithm, asynchronous Round Robin (ARR), for balancing workload of parallel tree computation depth-first-search algorithm on Cluster of Heterogeneous Workstations (COW) Many algorithms in artificial intelligence and other areas of computer science are based on depth first search in implicitty defined trees. For these algorithms a load-balancing scheme is required, which is able to evenly distribute parts of an irregularly shaped tree over the workstations with minimal interprocessor communication and without prior knowledge of the tree’s shape. For the (ARR) algorithm only minimal interprocessor communication is needed when necessary and it runs under the MPI (Message passing interface) that allows parallel execution on heterogeneous SUN cluster of workstation platform. The program code is written in C language and executed under UNIX operating system (Solaris version).

New approach to acquisition of the load parameter for NOW

In order to solve the problem of significant fluctuation of workload at each node, a new approach is proposed for acquisition of load parameter for Now, a network of heterogeneous computational resource. The current methods in use for acquisition of workload are reviewed for comparison and the implemention of prediction model is described in detail. It is concluded from the analysis of experimental results that the prediction method takes less time and has better predictability, and it gives a beneficial support to task scheduling and dynamic load balance.

Craftsmanship as the Model of a New Cultural Way

In this essay the idea is put forward that rethinking doing is the task that human sciences will need to undertake in the twenty-first century because the dichotomy do/think is one of the most deceptive and dangerous that the Western furor dividendi has ever formulated. Likewise, this is the time to re-do thinking： Both activities, divided from each other, are today quantitatively efficient, but incapable of making sense of themselves, of their own proceeding and of the world where they operate. Similarly incapable are the people who perform them and suffer cruelly from this defeat. It would take a rehabilitated subject, restored to an active role as interpreter and creator of culture, to remedy these shortcomings, reintegrating the spheres in a tensile equilibrium rich in novelty and significance. To this end, in an interdisciplinary perspective, insights by Dumont, Simmel, and Damasio are discussed and connected to Sennett＇s crucial intuition of the need for a new craftsmanship. This becomes the model of a foundational cultural act, in which a complex vision of culture joins a subjectivity that is at the same time a dynamic balance between rational and emotional components and a process where body and soul are inextricably entwined.

What Determines the Amplitude of ENSO Events?

In this paper, the dynamic effect of oceanic upwelling on the intensity of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscilla tion （ENSO） is studied using a simple coupled model （Zebiak-Cane Model）. The term balance analysis in the temperature variability equation shows that the anomalous upwelling of the mean vertical temperature gradient and the mean advection of the anomalous meridional tem perature gradient are the two of most important factors that determine the intensity of ENSO events, in which the ＂vertical oceanic heat flux＂ in the eastern equatorial Pa cific （EEP） is the primary influencing factor. The lag cor relation between ＂vertical heat flux （VHF）＂ and ENSO intensity shows that the highest correlation occurs when the former leads the latter by one to two weeks. The VHF is positively correlated with the background thermocline strength in the EEP, and an increase of both could result in strong ENSO variability. Comparison of the forced and coupled experiments suggests that the coupled process can affect both the intensity and freauencv of ENSO.

Optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points in working chamber of earth pressure balance shield

In order to exactly provide scientific basis for pressure dynamic balance control of working chamber of earth pressure balance shield (EPBS),study on optimal arrangement of pressure measurement points in working chamber was conducted. Based on mathematical description of optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points,fuzzy clustering analysis and discriminant analysis were used to divide pressure regions of nodes on bulkhead. Finally,the selection method of optimal measurement points was proposed,and by selecting d6.28 m EPBS as study object,the case study was conducted. By contrast,based on optimal arrangement scheme of pressure measurement points,through adopting weighted algorithm,the absolute error mean of equivalent pressure of working chamber is the smallest. In addition,pressure curve of optimal arrangement points presents parabola,and it can show the state of pressure distribution on bulkhead truly. It is concluded that the optimal arrangement method of pressure measurement points in working chamber is effective and feasible,and the method can provide basis for realizing high precision pressure control of EPBS.