新型自控式动活性检测仪特点分析

介绍了一种新型的自控式动活性检测仪,指出了该检测仪的结构和工作原理,分析了它的试验影响因素,同时探讨了其未来研究方向。

活性炭复合床层对动活性的影响试验

本文通过对KZ1床层、KZ2床层、KZ1和KZ2复合床层在不同床层厚度条件下,对氯化氰蒸气的动活性进行对比试验,并对试验结果进行分析,得出了后者并非前两者之和,而有了大幅提高的结论。

稠油油藏可动凝胶+活性水调驱技术

根据稠油注水开发的海1块储层特征、原油物性和注入水性进行室内配方筛选,并对成胶性能各种影响因素程度进行评价,筛选出了稠油注水的调驱体系。运用提高采收率技术的理论和经验公式,结合现场动静态资料,对调驱措施效果、开发水井改善情况、注水利用率及提高采收率等情况进行了综合研究。调驱后水驱动用程度和水驱采收率均得到了提高,为油田转换开发方式、提高油田采收率提供了一定的借鉴。

生物胶束色谱中黄酮类化合物定量保留-药动学性质预测模型的研究

目的利用生物胶束色谱(biopartitioning micellar chromatography,BMC)建立黄酮类化合物保留-药动学性质定量关系(quantitative retention activity relationship,QRAR)预测模型。方法测定化合物在pH=7.4的0.05 mol/L Brij35缓冲盐流动相中的保留时间并计算保留因子,对保留因子与文献报道药代动力学参数进行拟合,建立QRAR模型,并对模型相关性和预测能力进行评价。结果在最佳流动相条件下,半衰期(T1/2)、表观分布容积(Vd)和总清除率(Cl)的QRAR模型的相关系数分别为0.938、0.898和0.837,在置信度99%的水平上有统计学意义(P<0.01),模型标准差分别为41.929、19.528和0.139。交叉验证结果显示,模型校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)、交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)、以内插值替换的交互验证均方根误差(RMSECVi)具有可比性,符合预测性能统计学要求。结论构建的黄酮类化合物药代动力学性质QRAR模型具有较好的相关性和预测性能。

Competitive Strategies of Two Species of Co-occuring Tadpoles

We examined the competitive ability of larval toads （Bufo gargarizans ） and frogs （Rana kukunoris ） which co-occur in natural pools in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. We measured the activity level, growth rate, mass at metamorphosis and larval period in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles of B. gargarizans were significantly more active when food was abundant than scarce, while there was no significant difference in the activity of R. kukunoris tadpoles at different food levels. At low food availability, mass at metamorphosis and growth rate of R. kukunoris were significantly increased in the presence of B. gargarizans, whereas the presence of R. kukunoris had no significant effect on the mass and growth rate of B. gargarizans. In all treatments, the larval period of B. gargarizans at low food availability was the shortest. These results suggest that B. gargarizans can adapt to different food levels by changing their activity rate. At high food level, B. gargarizans increased activity to gain more food. At low food level, B. gargarizans decreased activity and achieved early metamorphosis. However, when food resources were limited, R. kukunoris could gain more food than B.gargarizans .

Effects of Fe content on photocatalytic activity of CaTiO_3-Fe_x

CaTiO 3-Fex was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometry system, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and UV-visible spectra. Effects of Fe content on photocatalytic activity of CaTiO3-Fex were investigated through measuring photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue. The results show that chemical compositions of CaTiO3-Fex remained unchanged with increasing Fe content from 0 to 4.745%. However, the light absorption ability of CaTiO3-Fex exhibited a significant increase with increasing Fe content. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over CaTiO3-Fex followed the first-order reaction kinetics. Based on changes of the concentration of methylene blue and its degradation kinetics, CaTiO3-Fe0.474% has shown to have optimal photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of methylene blue over CaTiO3-Fe0.474% was almost 100% under UV-visible light irradiation for 3.0 h. The kobs of methylene blue over CaTiO 3-Fe0.474% was 1.33 h-1 and was 7 times that over CaTiO3-Fe0.

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped diopside

UV-visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) over Fe-doped diopside was investigated. The structure, composition, morphology and absorption property of UV-visible light of as-prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis DRS. The experimental results show that doping Fe3+ induced the formation of some new species in diopside, and promoted light adsorption property of diopside in UV-visible region. Photochemical reactivity of Fe-doped diopside obviously depended on the content of doping Fe3+. The diopside with 1.848% Fe3+ exhibited the superior photocatalytic activity with 95% degradation of MB under UV-visible light for 3 h. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of MB over all samples showed the first-order reaction nature.

Exo-glycosidases Activities in Artemisia sphaerocephala Mucilaginous Achene Germination Process

白沙蒿 (ArtemisiasphaerocephalaKrasch .)是中国西北沙区分布的多年生植物。瘦果遇湿后其粘液层开始膨胀。对其种子萌发不同阶段的种胚提取物中几种可能降解果皮外层粘液物质的外切糖苷酶进行了检测。结果表明 :β 吡喃半乳糖苷酶在干种子中的活性很高 ,但是随着种子的吸涨而逐渐降低 ,在已萌发的种子中无法探测到。α和 β 吡喃阿拉伯糖苷酶、β 吡喃葡萄糖苷酶以及 β 吡喃甘露糖苷酶在种子萌发过程的胚提取物中也显示出了一些活性 ,但是这些活性在种胚外却无法探测到。所有胚提取物中的外切糖苷酶都无法降解果皮粘液物质。所有的证据都表明果皮外层的粘液物质无法在种子萌发的早期被水解。因此果皮粘液物质在干旱沙质条件下的生态功能被限制在吸收水分以及延长胚吸水的时间。

Study on Kinetic Characteristics of Alliinase

[Objective] The kinetic characteristics of alliinase was studied to select the optimum reaction performance. [Method] Alliinase activity was measured to analysis the influence of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and metal iron. [Result] Alliinase was an enzyme with thermal instability. Its optimum reaction temperature was 29℃ and pH value was 6.1. The Vmax was 0. 439 IU/mg and Km was 0.483 mmol/L by using natural extract as substrate. Alliinase activity was activated when the K^＋ , Mg^2＋ , Na^＋ and Cd^2＋ existed and alliinase activity was inhibited when Cu^2＋ existed. [Condusion] Results showed that the kinetic characteristics of alliinase supply the academic foundation for development and application of garlic medical products.

Measurement and Study of Tyrosinase Activity in Potato

[Objective] The paper was to study the activity of tyrosinase,so as to provide reference for preventing browning of potatoes as well as fruits and vegetables containing tyrosinase.[Method] With potato as raw material and Na2HPO4-HCl in buffer solution（pH=7.2）as system,spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of potato extract at 480nm,the curve was established,and the activity of tyrosinase was obtained.[Result] The changes of data were little under the above conditions,and the stability of tyrosinase activity was high.[Conclusion] Using spectrophotometry to determine the tyrosinase activity in potato is simple with high accuracy.

Cloning of Banana Bunchy Top Virus Chinese Zhangzhou Isolate DNA 4 and the Promoter Activity of Its Non_coding Region

Banana bunchy top virus Chinese Zhangzhou isolate (BBTV-ZZ) DNA 4 was amplified by PCR and cloned. Sequence analysis showed that BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 is 1 039 nucleotides (nts) in length and this virus could be one member of BBTV Asian group. Transcriptional initiation site A, which is at the 269 nucleotide, was preliminarily determined by using 5' RACE method. BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 non-coding region was sub-cloned by PCR and inserted into upstream of gfp : : gus plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1304 to construct recombinant plasmid pTA2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring pTA2 was injected into leaves of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi NC) via Agrobacterium-infiltration procedure. Transient expressions of GUS and GFP were determined in injected leaves 3 - 5 d later. GUS activities of pTA2, pCAMBIA 1304 injected and non-injected tobacco leaves respectively were 1.007 0 pmol MU(.)mug(-1.)min(-1), 2.069 0 pmol MU(.)mug(-1.)min(-1) and 0.021 4 pmol MU(.)mug(-1.)min(-1). Indirect ELISA for GFP in 1 mg total protein from pTA2, pCAMBIA 1304 injected and non-injected leaves showed an A(490 nm) value of 89.577, 100.440 and 3.287, respectively. These results showed that the non-coding region of BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 has a promoter activity not only in the virus replication in monocot, but also in driving the expression of a foreign gene in dicot plants.

Comparative Study of the Biological Activities of the Skin Secretions from Six Common Chinese Amphibians

Water soluble skin secretions of six common Chinese amphibians were studied for their biological and enzymatic activities.The skin secretions of Tylototriton verrucosus,Bombina maxima ,and Bufo andrewsi were found toxic to mice with the intraperitoneal LD 50 of 11 5?mg/kg,18 8?mg/kg,and 264?mg/kg,respectively.No acute lethal toxicities were observed for the skin secretions of Rana nigromaculata,Rana guentheri and Rana limnocharis in a dose up to 500?mg/kg.The lethal toxicities of the skin secretions of T verrucosus and B maxima to mice are in the same grade as those of Viperidae snake venoms.The toxic components in T verrucosus and B maxima skin secretions are the proteins with molecular weights ranging from 3 to 60?kDa.All the skin secretions had both proteolytic activity and trypsin inhibitory activity.The skin secretions from T verrucosus , B maxima and B andrewsi also displayed wide spectrum antimicrobial activity.On the other hand,the skin secretions from B andrewsi and B maxima showed cytotoxicity on human cancer cells.All the six samples had not significant effects on mammalian blood coagulation system.Phospholipase A 2 activity was only found in the skin secretions of T verrucosus .None of these skin secretions showed acetylcholine esterase activity.

Species and Diversity Analysis of Flower-visiting Insects of Asian Sacred Lotus in Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei Provinces

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the community structure, species and quantities of flower-visiting insects of seed lotus in main producing ar-eas of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. [Method] Using sample area survey and netting method in the fixed points to investigate species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus, the species diversity of different locations was evaluated by diversity indices （H′）, evenness indices （J） and dominant concentration indices （C）. [Result] Apis mel ifera, Apis cerana cerana, Xylocopa （Koptortosoma） sinensis, Xylocopa （s.str.） valga and Xylocopa （Al oxylocopa） appendiculata, al of which belong to order Hy-menoptera were the main pol inators of lotus. Temperature was the main factor which influenced the foraging behaviors of flower-visiting insects. The daily activities of X. （s.str.） valga and X. （Al oxylocopa） appendiculata were bimodal, and that of A. mel-lifera, A. cerana cerana and X. （s.str.） valga were unimodal. The percentage of wild pol inators in Linxiang of Hunan Province and Xianning of Hubei Province were only 20.59% and 3.90% respectively, and there were six species of flower-visiting insects in Linxiang and three in Xianning. The percentages of wild pol inators in Shicheng of Jiangxi Province and the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University were 55.61% and 90.40% respectively, and the flower-visiting insects belonged to 13 and 12 species respectively. The diversity index （H′） and evenness index （J） were listed here in a decreasing order： Shicheng of Jiangxi ＆gt;lotus garden in Huazhong Agricul-tural University＆gt;Linxiang of Hunan ＆gt;Xianning of Hubei. The sequence of dominant concentration indices （C） was Shicheng of Jiangxi ＆lt;the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University＆lt;Linxiang of Hunan＆lt;Xianning of Hubei. The diversity indices （H′）, evenness indices （J） and dominant concentration indices （C） of each sample location were consistent. [Conclusion] The species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus vary in different ecological areas. The species and quantities of Linxiang in Hunan Province and Xianning in Hubei Province are rare. The increase of lotus production must depend on bee pol ination.

Environmental availability and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in zinc leaching residue

Four different methods,namely mineralogical analysis,three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure,dynamic leaching test and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method were used to access the environmental activity and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in zinc leaching residue.The results demonstrate that the environmental activity of heavy metals declines in the following order：CdZnCuAsPb.Potential ecological risk indices for single heavy metal are CdZnCuAsPb.Cd has serious potential ecological risk to the ecological environment and contributes most to the potential toxicity response indices for various heavy metals in the residue.

Effect of Combined Application of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on the Dynamic Changes of Purple Soil Nutrient and Soil Enzyme Activities

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of combined of manure and fertilizer on the content of nutrients in purplish soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities.[Method] The effects of manure and fertilizer application on the content of AOM,NH＋4-N and NO-3-N in soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities were studied by means of simulation culturing.[Result] In the treatments of combined application of simulation culture experiment,the content of active organic matters,NH＋4-N,NO-3-N and soil enzyme activities changed dynamically,which showed a shape of inverted ＂S＂ with two or more peaks.Compared with the treatment of fertilization,their peaks were relatively flat and occurred relatively late,while the treatment of fertilization had only one but the highest peak.The content of active organic matter came to top around 10 d in the order of cow5fertilizer5pig5fertilizer5cow manurepig manurefertilizer Ⅰfertilizer Ⅱ;the activity of urease came to top around 10 d in all treatments and in the order of pig manurecow5fertilizer5cow manurefertilizer Ⅰfertilizer Ⅱpig5fertilizer5.The activity of saccharase was in the order of pig5fertilizer5pig manurecow5fertilizer5cow manureCKfertilizer Ⅱfertilizer Ⅰ.[Conclusion] The study could provide the theoretical basis for reasonable application of manure and fertilizer.

Impacts of global warming on marine zooplankton

Global warming has been being a serious issue since 1980, and it impacts environment and biosphere. Here, we reviewed the physiological and ecological responses of marine zooplankton which is an important component of biosphere to the global warming. Much research on physiological changes in response to different temperature is given to discuss this issue. Furthermore, we focused on ecological changes of zooplankton to global warming and several indices such as abundance, biomass, biodiversity and biogeographic boundary are enumerated. Phenological changes of zooplankton were presented, followed by the prospects of this subject, viz. observing more functional groups, more concerning on zooplankton in tropical region and investigation on a species-level zooplankton system.

Advances in Melatonin and Its Functions in Plants

Abstract Melatonin （N-acetyi-5-methoxytryptamine） is a well-known animal hormone, which is synthesized and secreted by pineal gland and takes part in the regulation of circadian rhythm in animals. At present it has been observed that melatonin is widely existed in higher plants while there have no enough studies on functions of melatonin in plants. Researches have already indicated that the possible functions of melatonin in plants include regulating photoperiod, participating in growth regulation, clearing active oxygen, and promoting activity of antioxidase. General reviews upon functions of melatonin in plants are made upon experiments in recent years. We fo-cus on the demonstrated and predicted biological functions of melatonin in plants to bring researchers up to date on this field. The weakness in present studies and the main research directions are also pointed out.

Dynamic Changes of Nitrate Reductase Activity within 24 Hours

[Objective] The research aimed to study the circadian rhythm of nitrate re- ductase activity （NRA） in plant. [Method] The wheat plants at heading stage were used as the materials for the measurement of dynamic changes of nitrate reductase activity （NRA） within 24 h under the conditions of constant high temperature. [Resulti The fluctuation of NRA in wheat changed greatly from 20：00 pm to 11：00 am. The enzyme activity remained constant, but at 14：00 the enzyme activity was the high- est, higher than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at11：00. The enzyme activity was the lowest of 17：00, which was lower than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at 2：00. [Conclusion] There were autonomous rhythm changes of NRA in wheat in a certain degree.

Study on Extraction and Catalytic Activity of Tyrosinase

Objective] Tyrosinase is a kind of polyphenol oxidase used widely, and the study of tyrosinase attracts extensive attention. [Method] ln this experiment, A conversion kinetic curve of dopa solution was obtained using absorbance of potato extract at 480 nm in Na2HPO4-HCl buffer system at a pH value of 7.2 with the vari-ation rate of absorbance against time （ΔA/Δt） as reaction rate, and the activity of tyrosinase could thus be calculated. [Result] The results showed that at the wave-length, in the Na2HPO4-HCl buffer system with a pH value at 7.2, there was little in-terference to the system, the data showed smal fluctuations, and the activity of ty-rosinase was high and stable, further providing a theoretical foundation for the de-termination and study of factors influencing tyrosinase activity. [Conclusion] The catalytic activity of tyrosinase was studied and determined with buffer solution as substrate with high accuracy and good effect.

Isolation and Characterization of Dynamin from Pollen of Hemerocallis fulva

Dynamin, a 100-kD GTPase first found in animal cells, is essential for vesicle formation in receptor-mediated endocytosis, synaptic vesicle recycling, and possibly vesicle trafficking in and out of the Golgi apparatus. Recently, dynamin-like proteins were also found in some plant cells. We demonstrate here the presence of dynamin with molecular weight of 100 kD in day-lily ( Hemerocallis fulva) pollen based on molecular estimation and Western blotting. The highly purified pollen Dynamin had GTPase activity, which could be stimulated 1.64 fold by calf brain microtubules in vitro. The results from electron microscopic examination showed that the pollen dynamin readily self-assembled into ring-like structures.