表面动温测量技术的新进展

本文从使用角度分析了表面动温测量误差的机理以及减小误差的可能途径,着重指出测定传感器安装后真实时间常数的必要性;由于采用了镍箔温敏片和同步电桥,使表面动温测量技术有了新的起色。

动车组轴温报警系统温度传感器电缆断裂分析及优化

文章主要对动车组轴温报警系统用温度传感器电缆断裂现象进行研究,通过各类试验分析,找出了电缆断裂的原因,对后期设计优化提供指导。

中国先进研究堆燃料元件包壳候选材料中温动水腐蚀

对中国先进研究堆（ＣＡＲＲ）燃料元件包壳候选材料ＬＴ２４、３０５铝合金进行了温度为２００℃、流速为１０ｍ／ｓ的堆外动水腐蚀试验研究。腐蚀后试样的金相显微镜观察、Ｘ射线衍射分析、扫描电镜及电子探针分析、腐蚀速率的计算及氧化膜厚度的测量等结果表明：从腐蚀类型及其程度和氧化膜的剥落情况等方面看，３０５铝合金材料的抗中温动水腐蚀性能优于ＬＴ２４铝合金；退火态和冷轧态的ＬＴ２４铝合金的耐蚀性能未显示出差异。试验结果为ＣＡＲＲ燃料元件包壳选材提供参考依据。

电子束熔丝增材制造过程随动测温阵列系统

实时监测电子束熔丝增材制造过程的温度场分布对于抑制变形、提高电子束熔丝增材制造质量具有重要意义。研制了一套电子束熔丝增材制造过程的随行动态测温阵列系统,对整个装置进行了系统设计、硬件集成、软件编写和试验验证。结果表明,该随动测温阵列系统在电子束熔丝增材制造过程的高真空、高温、高辐射、高金属蒸气等恶劣环境中能稳定工作,不仅能在正常状态下进行测温,而且在增材基板受热变形时也能连续测温,能够实现随行动态测温以及温度场实时显示、存储和重构分析等功能,显示形象直观,系统稳定性较强,操作简单。

“随温而动，随声而应”智能电风扇设计

智能电风扇实现了电风扇的风速随着温度大小自动调节、语音控制、人走风扇停止、按键调节、信息显示等功能。文中分别对智能电风扇的系统总体原理框图设计、硬件电路设计、软件程序设计进行介绍,实验结果表明,本智能电风扇实现了"随温而动,随声而应",智能的人机交互,使用起来方便、快捷、功能人性化。

分布式动车组轴温监测系统研究

针对传统动车组轴温监测系统信号传输可靠性差、精度低、调试过程耗时费力等问题,本文主要对动车组分布式轴温监测系统进行研究。该系统采用主从模块化设计,独立从机对相应的轴温监测点进行温度采集,并通过CAN总线将数据传输到主机,使用高精度A/D转换电路,改进的测温电路及放大滤波电路,提高了系统检测精度。为验证本系统是否达到设计要求,并实现预期功能,对系统进行实验室及动车组装车测试。测试结果表明,本设计解决了模拟信号直接传输带来的干扰、误差和布线复杂问题,降低了成本,可靠性强,调试过程省时省力,提高了效率。本研究具有较高的实际应用和推广价值。

CRH5A型动车组轴温检测系统隐性故障判断处理方法

介绍CRH5A型动车组轴温检测系统功能、组成及结构。隐性故障判断处理方法以及一些典型故障案例。

Versatile fluidity test model for cast superalloys and comparison between IN718 and IN939

A spiral fluidity test model of superalloys with 10 mm in height and 3 mm in thickness was designed to evaluate the fluidity of two distinct Ni-based superalloys IN718 and IN939.The factors influencing fluidity are ascertained through comparative analysis utilizing methodologies such as JMat Pro,differential scanning calorimetry and high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy.The results show that under identical testing conditions,the fluidity of the IN939 superalloy surpasses that of the IN718 superalloy.When subjected to the same temperature,the melt viscosity and surface tension of IN939 superalloy are considerably reduced relative to those of IN718 superalloy,which is beneficial to improving the melt fluidity.Furthermore,the liquidus temperature and solidification range for the IN939 superalloy are both smaller compared with those of the IN718 superalloy.This condition proves advantageous in delaying dendrite coherency,thereby improving fluidity.

Numerical simulation of flow characteristics in settler of flash furnace

A computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation was carried out with CFX4,3 to investigate the melt flow and temperature distributions in the settler of a flash furnace. Sixteen cases of one slag tap hole adopted with one matte tap hole （1-to-l） and one slag tap hole adopted with two matte tap holes （1-to-2） operation modes were modelled. The simulation results show that the melt flows are similar in both two operation modes, but evident circulations can be found in the case of the 1-to-2 operation mode. The combination modes of the slag and matte tap holes are found to have a significant effect on the temperature distributions of the melt. The melt temperature is more uniform in the case of the 1-to-2 mode. Selection of a matte tap hole farther away from the inlet is more conducive to achieve a uniform distribution of the melt temperature in the settler in nractical tannine oneration

Rheological properties of warm mix asphalt binder by DSR test at medium temperature

The rheological properties including the complex modulus G＊ and the phase angle δof matrix and warm mix asphalt （WMA）binders were measured by using the dynamic shear rheometer （DSR ） test at the medium temperature ranging from 16 to 40 ℃,and the relationships between the fatigue factor G＊ sinδand the matrix binder property,WMA additive and test temperature were established.It is found that G＊ decreases with the increasing temperature while δincreases inversely,and G＊ of the asphalt binder with high WMA additive dosage is large,and δis small.G＊sinδexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature and linearly increases with the increase in additive dosage,and the amplitudes of variation are large at low temperatures and high additive dosages.The effect of WMA additive on the rheological property is more remarkable for the matrix asphalt binder with low G＊.Besides,aging has a great effect on the property of matrix asphalt binder,and a slight effect on the interaction between asphalt and additive.The high additive dosage can increase the fatigue cracking potential of the asphalt binder.

Non-isothermal kinetic analysis of thermal dehydration of La_2(CO_3)_3·3.4H_2O in air

The single phase La2（CO3）3·3.4H2 O was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The thermal decomposition and intermediates and final solid products of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O from 30 to 1000 °C were characterized by XRD, FTIR and DTA-TG. The kinetics of dehydration of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O in the temperature range of 30-366 °C was investigated under non-isothermal conditions. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Friedman isoconversion methods were used to calculate the activation energy and analyze the reaction steps; multivariate non-linear regression program was applied to determine the most probable mechanism and the kinetic parameters. The results show that the thermal dehydration of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O is a kind of three-step competitive reaction, and controlled by an n-order initial reaction followed by n-order competitive reaction（FnFnFn model）. The activation energy matching with the most probable model is close to value obtained by Friedman method. The fitting curves match the original TG-DTG curves very well.

STUDY ON FLOW STRESS OF 7022 ALUMINUM ALLOY SHEET UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND STRAIN RATES

Warm tensile tests for aluminum alloy 7022 sheet are held at different temperatures and strain rates. The range of temperature is 293-773 K and that of the strain rate is 0. 001-0.1 s^-1. The warm tensile properties,relations among temperature,strain rate,and the flow stress are discussed. Constitutive equations under the warm tension are obtained based on revised Hooke law and Grosman equation. It is concluded that flow stress declines with the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the strain rates. The elongation percentage increases with the increase of the temperature and the decrease of strain rate.

Non-isothermal retrogression kinetics for grain boundary precipitate of 7A55 aluminum alloy

The retrogression kinetics for grain boundary precipitate （GBP） of 7A55 aluminum alloy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observation. The results reveal that the coarsening behavior of GBP obeys “LSW” theory, namely, the cube of GBP average size has a linear dependence relation to retrogression time, and the coarsening rate accelerates at the elevated retrogression temperature. The GBP coarsening activation energy Qo of （115.2±1.3） kJ/mol is obtained subsequently. Taking the retrogression treatment schedule of 190℃, 45 min derived from AA7055 thin plate as reference, the non-isothermal retrogression model for GBP coarsening behavior is established based on “LSW”theory and “iso-kinetics” solution, which includes an Arrhenius form equation. After that, the average size of GBP r（t） is predicted successfully at any non-isothermal process T（t） when the initial size of GBP r0 is given. Finally, the universal characterization method for the microstructure homogeneity along the thickness direction of TA55 aluminum alloy thick plate is also set up.

Research on dynamic error compensation for an armored K type thermocouple

A new method was proposed, in which a high-power CO2 laser modulated by high frequency was used as the driv- ing source to heat up a surface-temperature sensor. The continual beam and the pulsed beam sent out by the same laser could be used in the same system to carry on the static calibration of the radiation thermometer and the dynamic calibration of the temperature sensor to be checked. The frequency-response characteristics of high-speed radiation thermometer surpassed that of the temperature sensor, therefore it could be used as the reference value to calibrate the latter and let system error be cor- rected. Differences in the environment of the sensor installing and the error caused by the change of thermo-physical proper- ty could be avoided. Thus, the difficult problem of traceable dynamic calibration of temperature was solved. In experiment, to obtain the frequency characteristics of the thermocouple and the dynamic performance of the K type thermocouple, which could compensate the dynamic characteristics of the sensor, the sensor was dynamically corrected by using the method, and then the mathematical model was established.

A Thermal-Conscious Integrated Circuit Power Model and Its Impact on Dynamic Voltage Scaling Techniques

We propose a novel thermal-conscious power model for integrated circuits that can accurately predict power and temperature under voltage scaling. Experimental results show that the leakage power consumption is underestimated by 52 % if thermal effects are omitted. Furthermore, an inconsistency arises when energy and temperature are simultaneously optimized by dynamic voltage scaling. Temperature is a limiting factor for future integrated circuits,and the thermal optimization approach can attain a temperature reduction of up to 12℃ with less than 1.8% energy penalty compared with the energy optimization one.

Study on kinetics of propylene polymerizationat different temperatures via Monte Carlo simulation

The elementary reactions of propylene polymerization catalyzed by conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts was proposed according to the comprehensive view and without considering the effect of any impurity in the material on propylene polymerization. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was employed to investigate the kinetics of propylene polymerization in order to determine the validity of the stationary state assumption and the effects of the polymerization temperature on the polymerization. The simulated total amount of active species, which only increases quickly at the beginning of the polymerization, indicates that the stationary state assumption in the studied system is valid. Moreover, significant effects of polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion, and the molecular weight and its distribution were also analyzed. The simulated results show that the consumption rate of propylene increases with the increase of polymerization temperature; the maximum values of the number-average degree of polymerization are constant at different polymerization temperatures, however, the peak appears earlier with the higher temperature; as the polymerization temperature increases, the average molecular weight decreases and the molecular weight distribution changes greatly.

Hydrogen desorption kinetics mechanism of Mg-Ni hydride under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions

The Mg-Ni hydride was prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis under a high magnetic field. The dehydriding kinetics of the hydrides was measured under the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. A model was applied to analyzing the kinetics behavior of Mg-Ni hydride. The calculation results show that the theoretical value and the experimental data can reach a good agreement, especially in the case of non-isothermal dehydriding. The rate-controlling step is the diffusion of hydrogen atoms in the solid solution. The sample prepared under magnetic field of 6 T under the isothermal condition can reach the best performance. The similar tendency was observed under the non-isothermal condition and the reason was discussed.

Research on thermocouple transient thermometry technology based on LabVIEW

Based on LabVlEW platform, a distributed dynamic storage testing system is designed for measuring transient high temperature signals of explosion field. Using a highpower semiconductor laser as heat source, a traceable dynamic calibration system is established to perform dynamic calibration of thermocouples. With quantumbehaved particle swam optimization （QP-SO） algorithm on MATLAB platform, a model of dynamic compensation filter is established. It is used by LabVIEW that calls MATLAB Script nodes or COM components to accomplish the mixed programming of LabVIEW and MATLAB, further to compensate the temperature values of the thermocouples dynamically. The experimental results show that the technique that combines temperature measurement system with LabVIEW platform is applied well in testing the explosion temperature of ther mobaric weaponry and makes the compensation values closer to the actual signals.

Modification of ACFs by chemical vapor deposition and its application for removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution

Viscose activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were characterized using specific surface area, scanning electron modified with chemical vapor deposition （CVD）. The samples were microscopy （SEM）, pore size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of modified ACFs for methyl orange（MO） from its aqueous solutions. The results show that the adsorption isotherms of MO onto modified ACFs well follows the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption kinetics of MO can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process involves the intra-particle diffusion, but is not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamic parameters including AG, AH and AS were calculated, suggesting that the adsorption of MO onto modified ACFs is a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption process. FTIR result indicates that the major adsorption mechanism of modified ACFs for MO is hydrogen bond.

Preparation of α-Bi_2O_3 from bismuth powders through low-temperature oxidation

α-Bi2O3 powders were prepared from nanometer Bi powders through low-temperature oxidation at less than 873.15 K. XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of Bi powders and Bi2O3 particles. Kinetic studies on the bismuth oxidation at low-temperatures were carried out by TGA method. The results show that bismuth beads should be reunited and oxidized to become irregular Bi2O3 powders. The bismuth oxidation follows shrinking core model, and its controlling mechanism varies at different reaction time. Within 0-10 min, the kinetics is controlled by chemical reaction, after that it is controlled by O2 diffusion in the solid α-Bi2O3 layer. The apparent activation energy is determined as 55.19 kJ/mol in liquid-phase oxidation.