Vibrational spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR and Raman) was used to investigate the interaction and conformation transition in the blend films of silk fibroin(SF) and silk-protein like polymers(P1, P2) containing the oligopeptid...Vibrational spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR and Raman) was used to investigate the interaction and conformation transition in the blend films of silk fibroin(SF) and silk-protein like polymers(P1, P2) containing the oligopeptide segments[(Ala) 4, GlyAlaGlyAla] which derived from the crystal region of spider dragline silk and silkworm(Bombyx mori) silk. The results revealed that the intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction, which was formed between the molecular chains of SF and the oligopeptide segments in P1 and P2, induced a partial random coil/α-helix conformation transfer to β-sheet conformation after blending. And β-sheet and random coil/α-helix conformation coexisted in the SF/P1 and SF/P2 blend films, while the predominant conformations in the pure SF and P1 films were random coil/α-helix. These conclusions would be significant for artificial spinning of the regenerated silk fibroin.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identifie...[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identified by using the combination method of traditional isolation and screening,solid culture-medium degradation and animal test.[Result] A strain of non-pathogenic filamentous fungi with high degradation efficiency was obtained,which was preliminarily identified to be a species in Mucoraceae.[Conclusion] The discovery of the strain enriched the family members of keratin-degrading fungus,and provided new germplasm resources for degradation and utilization of animal keratin.展开更多
Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigat...Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigate ground use of wild, unprovisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti by means of the scan sampling method. The results show that the monkeys spent 15.0% of the day time on the ground; 16.6%, 12.7%, and 15.6% for adult males, adult females and juveniles, respectively. Adult males and juveniles of both sexes showed significantly higher rates of terrestrial time than adult females. Females without clinging infants spent significantly more time on the ground than expected, while females with clinging infants spent significantly less time on the ground than expected. These results suggest that the higher degree of terrestrial behavior for males and juveniles may be due to their higher agility in comparison with females. Our study showed that the monkeys fed more on lichens relative to other food items when in the trees, but more on buds/leaves, flowers, fruits/nuts, resin/bark, and herbs when on the ground. According to our investigation, the ecological significance of the species＇ terrestriality lies mainly in the utilization of terrestrial food resources [ Current Zoology 55 （3） ： 180 - 187, 2009].展开更多
A morphologically structured model is proposed to describe the batch fermentation of lovastatin according to the growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. Three kinds of hyphae are considered in the model: active...A morphologically structured model is proposed to describe the batch fermentation of lovastatin according to the growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. Three kinds of hyphae are considered in the model: actively growing hyphae, non-growing hyphae and deactivated hyphae. Furthermore, actively growing hyphae consist of three morphological compartments: apical compartment which gives rise to hyphal tip extension; subapical compartment which is related to hyphal branching; and hyphal compartment which is only responsible for secondary metabolite formation. The kinetics of mycelial growth mechanism is summarized and applied in modeling lovastatin fermentation. A Michaelis-Menten kinetic model with substrate inhibition is proposed for product formation. As expected, the model simulations fit well with experimental data obtained either from a laboratory scale 10L fer-menter or from a pilot-plant scale fermenter.展开更多
Ebola virus(EBOV) and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can ...Ebola virus(EBOV) and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can cause significant threats to public health.However,so far no specific and efficient vaccine has been available,nor have other treatment methods proved to be effective.It is of great importance to detect these pathogens specific,rapidly and sensitively in order to control future filovirus outbreaks.Here,recent progresses in the development of detection and diagnosis methods for EBOV and MARV are summarized.展开更多
Recent studies show an increase in the population of beavers, nutria and other rodents in vast regions of central Europe over the last 15 years. Unfortunately, this caused in many instances considerable damage on larg...Recent studies show an increase in the population of beavers, nutria and other rodents in vast regions of central Europe over the last 15 years. Unfortunately, this caused in many instances considerable damage on large rivers along dykes and earthworks in the floodplain areas, leading to an increased risk of bank failures. However, most of these mammals belong to protected species. This work is aimed at showing positive experience in cooperation with universities, research institutes and environmental agencies regarding measures to permanently safeguard the banks using composite erosion control systems with polymer coated steel wire net （as flexible reinforcement component） and a geosynthetic （to promote vegetation growth）. The steel mesh component works as an effective long-term barrier against the intrusion of mammals, discouraging them from digging inside the core of the dyke. An analysis of the sensitive areas to be protected led also to definition of the characteristics of these interventions （length, shape, escape ways, population areas, etc.）. The study will present several additional benefits when using polymer steel nets along dykes, such as： high and durable erosion protection in overflow areas, promotion of fast and effective vegetation growth （increasing stability）, surface protection against ice impacts （in northern regions）, ease of installation, maintenance, ability to conform to irregular shapes of the slope. This work will also present the positive outcome of research studies along dykes in Germany, Austria and in Italy.展开更多
The economic importance of silkworm has moved biologists to explore various intricate mechanisms of the action of vertebrate hormones. The dietary administration of several vertebrate hormones and prostaglandins enhan...The economic importance of silkworm has moved biologists to explore various intricate mechanisms of the action of vertebrate hormones. The dietary administration of several vertebrate hormones and prostaglandins enhanced both developmental and metabolic processes of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The main objective of sericulture research is to apply the results to achieve superior quality silk and greater output, to apply lab findings to achieve desirable ecenomic results.展开更多
文摘Vibrational spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR and Raman) was used to investigate the interaction and conformation transition in the blend films of silk fibroin(SF) and silk-protein like polymers(P1, P2) containing the oligopeptide segments[(Ala) 4, GlyAlaGlyAla] which derived from the crystal region of spider dragline silk and silkworm(Bombyx mori) silk. The results revealed that the intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction, which was formed between the molecular chains of SF and the oligopeptide segments in P1 and P2, induced a partial random coil/α-helix conformation transfer to β-sheet conformation after blending. And β-sheet and random coil/α-helix conformation coexisted in the SF/P1 and SF/P2 blend films, while the predominant conformations in the pure SF and P1 films were random coil/α-helix. These conclusions would be significant for artificial spinning of the regenerated silk fibroin.
基金Supported by Technology Major Projects for Cultivation of New Varieties of National Genetically Modified Organism(2008ZX08005-002)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identified by using the combination method of traditional isolation and screening,solid culture-medium degradation and animal test.[Result] A strain of non-pathogenic filamentous fungi with high degradation efficiency was obtained,which was preliminarily identified to be a species in Mucoraceae.[Conclusion] The discovery of the strain enriched the family members of keratin-degrading fungus,and provided new germplasm resources for degradation and utilization of animal keratin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30630016,30870375)Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-1-03)Central South Universityof Forestry & Technology
文摘Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigate ground use of wild, unprovisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti by means of the scan sampling method. The results show that the monkeys spent 15.0% of the day time on the ground; 16.6%, 12.7%, and 15.6% for adult males, adult females and juveniles, respectively. Adult males and juveniles of both sexes showed significantly higher rates of terrestrial time than adult females. Females without clinging infants spent significantly more time on the ground than expected, while females with clinging infants spent significantly less time on the ground than expected. These results suggest that the higher degree of terrestrial behavior for males and juveniles may be due to their higher agility in comparison with females. Our study showed that the monkeys fed more on lichens relative to other food items when in the trees, but more on buds/leaves, flowers, fruits/nuts, resin/bark, and herbs when on the ground. According to our investigation, the ecological significance of the species＇ terrestriality lies mainly in the utilization of terrestrial food resources [ Current Zoology 55 （3） ： 180 - 187, 2009].
文摘A morphologically structured model is proposed to describe the batch fermentation of lovastatin according to the growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. Three kinds of hyphae are considered in the model: actively growing hyphae, non-growing hyphae and deactivated hyphae. Furthermore, actively growing hyphae consist of three morphological compartments: apical compartment which gives rise to hyphal tip extension; subapical compartment which is related to hyphal branching; and hyphal compartment which is only responsible for secondary metabolite formation. The kinetics of mycelial growth mechanism is summarized and applied in modeling lovastatin fermentation. A Michaelis-Menten kinetic model with substrate inhibition is proposed for product formation. As expected, the model simulations fit well with experimental data obtained either from a laboratory scale 10L fer-menter or from a pilot-plant scale fermenter.
文摘Ebola virus(EBOV) and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can cause significant threats to public health.However,so far no specific and efficient vaccine has been available,nor have other treatment methods proved to be effective.It is of great importance to detect these pathogens specific,rapidly and sensitively in order to control future filovirus outbreaks.Here,recent progresses in the development of detection and diagnosis methods for EBOV and MARV are summarized.
文摘Recent studies show an increase in the population of beavers, nutria and other rodents in vast regions of central Europe over the last 15 years. Unfortunately, this caused in many instances considerable damage on large rivers along dykes and earthworks in the floodplain areas, leading to an increased risk of bank failures. However, most of these mammals belong to protected species. This work is aimed at showing positive experience in cooperation with universities, research institutes and environmental agencies regarding measures to permanently safeguard the banks using composite erosion control systems with polymer coated steel wire net （as flexible reinforcement component） and a geosynthetic （to promote vegetation growth）. The steel mesh component works as an effective long-term barrier against the intrusion of mammals, discouraging them from digging inside the core of the dyke. An analysis of the sensitive areas to be protected led also to definition of the characteristics of these interventions （length, shape, escape ways, population areas, etc.）. The study will present several additional benefits when using polymer steel nets along dykes, such as： high and durable erosion protection in overflow areas, promotion of fast and effective vegetation growth （increasing stability）, surface protection against ice impacts （in northern regions）, ease of installation, maintenance, ability to conform to irregular shapes of the slope. This work will also present the positive outcome of research studies along dykes in Germany, Austria and in Italy.
文摘The economic importance of silkworm has moved biologists to explore various intricate mechanisms of the action of vertebrate hormones. The dietary administration of several vertebrate hormones and prostaglandins enhanced both developmental and metabolic processes of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The main objective of sericulture research is to apply the results to achieve superior quality silk and greater output, to apply lab findings to achieve desirable ecenomic results.
