内蒙古白岔河沿岸新发现的动物岩画

白岔河流域是内蒙古东部地区的岩画宝库,自70年代以来,文物考古工作者陆续在这里发现了一批古代岩画,为此原昭乌达盟文物站和克什克腾旗文化馆于1981年对分布在河两岸的岩画进行过专项调查,共发现48幅岩画。近几年随着文物普查工作的全面开展,又有一些岩画陆续被发现,昭蒙师专的史学工作者还曾较为系统地进行过调查,使岩画的数量成倍增长。

阴山匈奴岩画动物纹与鄂尔多斯青铜器动物纹的比较

内蒙古中南部巴彦淖尔盟和伊克昭盟等地,从原始氏族社会到先秦两汉时期,一直是匈奴人活动的地方,他们留示给后人的主要文化珍品,一是敲凿在阴山西段狼山地区的匈奴岩画,一是在伊克昭盟匈奴墓中出土的鄂尔多斯青铜器。这两种历史遗物,从两个不同的侧面,较全面地反映了匈奴人精湛的艺术创造和无穷的智慧构思。 两种遗物中的动物纹,是匈奴人社会经济生活、所处自然环境以及重构其意识形态的生动写照,在全部匈奴遗物中占有重要的地位。把两种遗物的动物纹结合起来探讨对全面展开匈奴历史的研究无疑是很有意义的。 (一) 在题材内容上,两种动物纹中,均属野牲和家畜,而以野牲占多数。这不仅是由于当时当地的野生动物的数量多于家畜,也不仅由于野生动物行动敏捷,形象美丽,更重要的是因为动物纹是狩猎业基础上产生的艺术,而不是畜牧业的产物。不论是动物岩画还是鄂尔多斯青铜器动物形,以草食动物的鹿,肉食动物的虎、凌空飞翔的鸟为最常见。

内蒙古雅布赖山洞窟手形岩画发现与研究

迄今为止,我国发现的最早的色彩图像艺术是彩陶。它以鲜丽的色泽、精美的图案、丰富的造型呈现于人们的眼前,使我们无不为祖先能在距今六千多年前就能造成如此精湛的艺术而感到自豪。然而,就时代而论,它与法国的拉斯科、西班牙的阿尔塔米拉洞穴壁画却晚万年之久。这彩陶前的万年“空白”,使我国治美术史者,无不引以为憾。

柯尔加依岩画

柯尔加依是天山南麓一村名,位于托克逊县西北,约70公里。柯尔加依村北7公里许有一条山沟,当地老乡称谓盘吉尔山沟,村西约20公里有一叫作托格拉克布拉克的地方(即胡杨泉),在这两地的山石上都发现了岩画。1985—1988年10月间前后3—4次勘查过这两地。经调查,除找到了石刻岩画作品外,还曾发现过先民遗留下来的古遗址和墓葬等文化遗迹。柯尔加依的盘吉尔山岩画和托格拉克布拉克岩画是天山带分布面积较大,数量多而内容丰富,且艺术性较高的岩画点,在天山岩画中具有典型的代表性。

内蒙古阴山以北草原上的古代艺术画廊

内蒙古是我国岩画最丰富的地区之一.继阴山岩画的发现之后①,笔者于1980——1983年,化费了四年的时间,在阴山之北乌兰察布草原及其以西地区,又发现了另一个大的岩画宝库②.据初步调查,这个草原画廊,有四十多个地点,发现有岩画万幅以上,仅被我们拓描下的就有千幅之多.

经营野味 法所不容

3月3日中午,经群众举报,省林业厅野生动植物保护处、林业公安处会同省市有关部门在花园口乡查处一起非法收购、经营野生动物的特大案件。当场在花园餐馆野味店查获国家一级保护动物貂熊2只、国家二级保护动物岩雷鸟、花尾榛鸡、沙鸡、苍鹰,小灵猫、黄羊、豺等107只;省级保护野生动物豹猫、野鸭、大雁、猪獾等10余只。据调查,该餐馆有在外地专门捕杀和收购野生动物的常驻窝点。

Geochemical characteristics of the fluid inclusions in the Gangxi Fault Belt, Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

We studied the geochemical characteristics of the fluid inclusions in the Ordovician carbonates and the Oligocene Shahejie Formation sandstones from 15 wells in the Gangxi Fault Belt, Huanghua Depression. The fluid inclusions are all sec- ondary with gas/liquid ratio of 5%~10%. Base on Raman they are mainly composed of H2O, CO2 and CH4. The homogenization temperatures, combined with burial and geothermal history of the host rock, indicate that the fluid flows in the Shahejie Formation and the Ordovician carbonates were trapped in Neocene. Using a VG5400 mass spectrometer, the helium isotopic compositions were analyzed. Interpretation of results suggested a significant amount of mantle-derived helium mainly accumulating in the intersections of the NWW trending Xuzhuangzi and NE trending Gangxi faults. The maturity of hydrocarbon decreases from the intersection to the outside pointing out that the fluid related to the NWW trending Xuzhuangzi and NE trending Gangxi faults. These factors implied the fluid inclusions have a close relationship to the local tectonic setting. Gangxi Fault Belt experienced intensive Neo-tectonic activities in Cenozoic. Widespread faulted-depressions and strong volcanic eruptions manifested its tec- tonic status of extensional stress field. Mantle uplift caused the movement of magma that carried mantle-derived gases and deep heat flows, the deep-rooted tension faults provided the passages for the gases and heat flows to shallow crust levels.

STRATA AND SURFACE SUBSIDENCE CONTROL IN STRIP-PARTIAL MINING UNDER BUILDINGS

This paper systematiedy expounds the history and present situation of tbe research &application of strip-parttal mining at home and abroad. Tbe prospect of using strip-parttal miningmcthod to mine under balldings (structures) at the present situation of market economy is also expounded here Strata & surface subsidence mechanism of atrip-partni mining the optimization ofthe width of unit goaf & coal pillar as well as the calculation method of surface subsidence pridictionbased on Holding-Ptate Control Theory and Coal Pillar Long-term Stability, which are our researchachivements in recent years about strata & surface subsidence control in strip-partial mining, arethe main points introdued bere.

Protection Measures for Buildings Based on Coordinating Action Theory of Ground, Foundation and Structure

Based on the theory of coordinating action of building ground, foundation and structure, this paper presents a modified method for calculating additional stresses on buildings in mining areas by considering the joint effect of cur- vature deformation and horizontal deformation on buildings. It points out that for buildings over the coal pillar, it is ad- visable to soften the intermediate ground of buildings when they are affected by mining. For buildings over the goaf, it is preferable to soften the ground at both ends of buildings. In order to enhance the ability of a building to resist tensile deformation, the key measure is to reinforce the bottom foundation of the building. In addition, the concept of “angle of break of building” is proposed. It is because of this angle that the protecting coal pillar is left, which is a better solution than prevailing solutions The findings provide a more scientific basis for mining under buildings.

Strata movement controlling effect of waste and fly ash backfillings in fully mechanized coal mining with backfilling face

A fully mechanized coal mining with backfilling (FMCMB) provides advantages of safety and efficiency for coal mining under buildings, railways, and water bodies. According to the field geological conditions, we analyzed the controlling effect of strata movement by the waste and fly ash backfilling in FMCMB face. Based on the key strata theory, we established the equivalent mining thickness model, and analyzed the action of the bulk factor of backfilling body to the equivalent mining thickness. In addition, we numerically simulated the controlling function of the strata movement by backfilling bodies with differ- ent strength. And the numerical simulation result show that the deformation of stratum and the subsi- dence of surface can be controlled by FMCMB. The result provides references to the effective execution of fully mechanized coal mining with solid waste backfilling in goaf.

Survey and establishment of Nanshimenzi Bed of Tiaojishan Formation in Qinglong,northern Hebei,China

In recent years,many fossil vertebrates,including feathered dinosaurs,have been discovered at Nanshimenzi village,Gangou Town,Qinglong County,Hebei Province,China.A geological section including the fossil-bearing strata was measured at Nanshimenzi,to determine the exact geological age and sedimentary characteristics of the section,and a new lithostratigraphic unit was named as the Nanshimenzi Bed.The Nanshimenzi Bed is about 56.6 m in thickness,mainly consisting of gray sandstones and siltstones and containing fossil vertebrates and several coal streaks.On the basis of survey and comparison,the Nanshimenzi Bed should be assigned to Tiaojishan Formation and probably to the upper part of the formation.

Highlights of the Messel Oil Shale

The Messel oil shale, Germany, was deposited in a maar crater that formed 47 million years ago. Since 1975 the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt am Main, has conducted systematic scientific excavations of this oil shale with much success. Besides plants and insects, more than 130 species of well-preserved fossil vertebrates like reptiles, fishes, birds and mammals have been found and have made Messel world-famous. Some examples of these vertebrates are presented.

Division and correlation of Yixian Formation in western Liaoning,China

The Yixian Formation is a series of volcanic-sedimentary rocks in Biepiao area of Liaoning Province. It is mainly composed of basic and intermediate-basic volcanic lava,pyroclasts and terrestrial sedimentary rocks. Based on the regularity of volcanic activity,the Yixian Formation was divided by the present authors into four members in ascending order:the first member is of basal conglomerate,basic and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks; the second member is of lake phrase sedimentary rocks,or in another word,precious fossil-rich sedimentary beds; the third is of basic volcanic rocks; and the fourth is of upper conglomerate. Field mapping and comprehensive study also indicate that there are abundant vertebrate fossils (mainly of Psittacosaurus) in the first member of the Yixian Formation,and the Jehol Biota (including Sinosauropterxy,Confuciusorns sanctus,Archaefructus,etc.) is yielded in the second member of Yixian Formation. From west to east,the volcanic activity of Yixian Formation changed regularly from early to late,and from basic and intermediate-basic to acid (alkali).

河南登封地区寒武系第三统张夏组米级旋回及其演化

河南登封地区寒武系第三统张夏组是一套167m厚的碳酸盐岩地层,出露连续且完整,发育以微生物岩主导和以后生动物扰动灰岩主导的两种米级旋回类型。通过对米级旋回的演化及其沉积学和古遗迹学特征分析,张夏组自下而上由以微生物岩主导的米级旋回逐渐让位于以后生动物扰动灰岩主导的米级旋回;沉积体系由无鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地逐渐向发育厚层鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地演化;沉积环境从潮下低能深水演变为开阔台地,并逐渐变浅形成鲕粒滩、局限台地;沉积岩类型从叠层石、凝块石灰岩等微生物岩逐渐变化为生物碎屑灰岩、生物扰动灰岩和含生物扰动鲕粒灰岩。

A Review of Progress in Chinese Troglofauna Research

The darkness, humidity and constant temperature of subterranean karst caves have produced specialized populations of animals with, unique behaviors and characteristics. Based on living habits, troglofauna can be divided into troglobites, troglophiles and trogloxenes. Since the beginning of research on karst troglofauna in China in the late 1970s, 131 new species of troglofauna have been discovered. A large amount of research has been conducted on the behavior and characteristics of troglofauna, and good progress has been made over the last few decades. Nevertheless, in view of the wide distribution and large quantity of karst caves throughout China, there remains much potential for futher research on Chinese troglofauna.

Onset of the Kwangsian Orogeny as evidenced by biofacies and lithofacies

The onset timing of the Kwangsian Orogeny might differ among localities across South China.Refined stratigraphic works at different localities are necessary to reveal the details of this likely distinction.Recently,we recollected some graptolite specimens from the Ordovician Shixing and Longtouzhai formations(corresponding to the Longxi Formation of southern Jiangxi Province) at many localities in Guangdong Province.The palaeontological and biostratigraphical studies of these graptolite faunas indicate that the facies change from graptolitic shale to nearshore shallow-water,coarse clastics in Guangdong is slightly earlier than that in southern Jiangxi.This timing difference may imply a northward progression of the Kwangsian Orogeny.Based on the biostratigraphy and palaeontology of the Ordovician in the Zhujiang Basin(western part) and Chiangnan Slope Belt(including western Fujian,eastern Guangdong,northern Guangxi,northern Hunan,northeastern Jiangxi,southern Anhui,and western Zhejiang),the Sandbian to late Katian distribution and replacement of biofacies and lithofacies in the two regions are proposed and discussed,which display distinct features at different stages of the Kwangsian Orogeny.

Mineral chemistry and 3D tomography of a Chang’E 5 high-Ti basalt:implication for the lunar thermal evolution history

In December 2020, Chang’E-5(CE-5), China’s first lunar sample return mission, successfully collected samples totaling 1731 g from the northern Oceanus Procellarum. The landing site was located in a young mare plain, a great distance from those of Apollo and Luna missions. These young mare basalts bear critical scientific significance as they could shed light on the nature of the lunar interior(composition and structure) as well as the recent volcanism on the Moon. In this article, we investigated a CE-5 basalt sample(CE5 C0000 YJYX065) using a combination of state-of-art techniques, including high resolution X-ray tomographic microscopy(HR-XTM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)-based scanning electron microscope(SEM), and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) to reveal its 3 D petrology and minerology.Our results show that this sample has a fine-to medium-grained subophitic texture, with sparse olivine phenocrysts setting in the groundmass of pyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite and trace amounts of other phases. It has an extremely high ilmenite modal abundance(17.8 vol%) and contains a significant amount(0.5 vol%) of Ca-phosphate grains. The mineral chemistry is in excellent agreement with that of Apollo and Luna high-Ti basalts. The major phase pyroxenes also display strong chemical zoning with compositions following the trends observed in Apollo high-Ti basalts. Based on current data, we came to the conclusion that CE5 C0000 YJYX065 is a high-Ti mare basalt with a rare earth element(REE) enriched signature. This provides a rigid ground-truth for the geological context at the CE-5 landing site and clarifies the ambiguity inferred from remote sensing surveys.

Early Paleozoic granitic magmatism related to the processes from subduction to collision in South Altyn, NW China

Four episodes of granitic rocks at 517, 501-496, 462-451, and 426-385 Ma occurred in the South Altyn subduction-collision complex. The first episode of granite emplacement predates the formation of the ophiolite type mafic rock （〉500 Ma）, and the three subsequent episodes can be temporally correlated to high-pressure （HP） to ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphism at ca 500 Ma, retrograde granulite-facies metamorphism at ca. 450 Ma, and amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca. 420 Ma, re- spectively. A comprehensive study of these granitic rocks, along with the regional geological background, mafic-ultramafic rocks, and HP-UHP metamorphism, indicates that the four episodes of granitic magmatism are sequentially derived from the partial melting of the earlier subducted oceanic crust at 517 Ma, the thickened continental crust due to continental subduction at ca. 500 Ma, the mid-upper crust in response to slab breakoff at ca. 450 Ma, and the tectonic transition from contraction to extension at ca. 420 Ma. The formation age of 517 Ma for oceanic adakite provides a direct constraint on the time of the oce- anic subduction in South Altyn. In addition, there is a ca. i0 Myr interval between the oceanic subduction to the continental deep subduction, suggesting that the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution might have been a successive process in South Altyn. The four episodes of formation of granitic rocks, mafic-ultramafic rocks, and HP-UHP metamorphic rocks have fully recorded the tectonic evolution, beginning with the oceanic subduction, followed by continental subduction, and later exhumation dur- ing the Early Paleozoic in South Altyn.