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生物技术药物临床前安全性评价中的免疫原性
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作者 钱伯初 吕燕萍 宣尧仙 《中国临床药理学与治疗学》 CAS CSCD 2004年第5期481-484,共4页
生物技术药物的临床前安全性评价与化学药品和中药制剂相比较应注意其特殊性 ,常规的药物毒性试验方法不一定适合于生物药物 ,因为后者具有结构和生物学性质的专一性和多样性 ,包括种属特异性、免疫原性和无法预料的多种组织亲和性。近... 生物技术药物的临床前安全性评价与化学药品和中药制剂相比较应注意其特殊性 ,常规的药物毒性试验方法不一定适合于生物药物 ,因为后者具有结构和生物学性质的专一性和多样性 ,包括种属特异性、免疫原性和无法预料的多种组织亲和性。近来该类药物临床前安全性评价中的相关动物种属特异性、免疫原性、体液与细胞免疫活性与联合用药反应等问题已引起广泛注意。生物技术药物由于高度种属特异性及其可能产生的免疫原性与免疫反应 ,外加在临床广泛应用中的多因性 ,对其临床前安全评价尚有较大的难度 ,现有生物技术药物的临床前安全评价方法还很不完善 ,如未能选择相关动物种属与有针对性而灵敏的观察指标 ,给药方式与给药量的合理性均有待探索 ,甚至还不能判定其在动物体内反应的临床意义 ,因此规范的评价方案有待在大量的实践中逐步完善。 展开更多
关键词 生物技术药物 免疫原性 联合用药 动物种属异性
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The evolution of complex brains and behaviors in African cichlid fishes 被引量:1
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作者 Caroly A.SHUMWAY 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第1期144-156,共13页
In this review, I explore the effects of both social organization and the physical environment, specifically habitat complexity, on the brains and behavior of highly visual African cichlid fishes, drawing on examples ... In this review, I explore the effects of both social organization and the physical environment, specifically habitat complexity, on the brains and behavior of highly visual African cichlid fishes, drawing on examples from primates and birds where appropriate. In closely related fishes from the monophyletic Ectodinii clade of Lake Tanganyika, both forces influence cichlid brains and behavior. Considering social influences first, visual acuity differs with respect to social organization (monogamy versus polygyny). Both the telencephalon and amygdalar homologue, area Dm, are larger in monogamous species. Monogamous species are found to have more vasotocin-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area of the brain. Habitat complexity also influences brain and behavior in these fishes. Total brain size, telencephalic and cerebellar size are positively correlated with habitat complexity. Visual acuity and spatial memory are enhanced in cichlids living in more complex environments. However habitat complexity and social forces affect cichlid brains differently. Taken together, our field data and plasticity data suggest that some of the species-specific neural effects of habitat complexity could be the consequence of the corresponding social correlates. Environmental forces, however, exert a broader effect on brain structures than social ones do, suggesting allometric expansion of the brain structures in concert with brain size and/or co-evolntion of these structures [Current Zoology 56 (1): 144-156, 2010]. 展开更多
关键词 FISH EVOLUTION BRAIN Behavior Social organization Habitat complexity
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Liver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives 被引量:2
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作者 Christopher Booth Tom Soker +5 位作者 Pedro Baptista Christina L Ross Shay Soker Umar Farooq Robert J Stratta Giuseppe Orlando 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第47期6926-6934,共9页
The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes.There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration.The fir... The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes.There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration.The first consists of creating a supporting scaffold,either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs,and seeding cells on the scaffold,where they will mature either in bioreactors or in vivo.This strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation,as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human origin.Liver bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug development.The second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell pathways.In fact,it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver volume.Infusion of autologous bone marrow cells,which aids in liver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition,but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies.As well,it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix,and how this latter supports and drives cell fate. 展开更多
关键词 LIVER Regenerative medicine Tissue engineering Extracellular matrix SCAFFOLD Stem cells
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嗜血支原体病研究进展 被引量:9
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作者 张振兴 李玉峰 《畜牧与兽医》 北大核心 2013年第12期1-5,共5页
嗜血支原体病是一种人兽共患病,也是我国近几年来新流行的传染病之一,分布十分广泛,对我国养猪业的危害更大。本文对嗜血支原体的生物学特性、对动物与人的致病种和宿主、传播媒介、易感动物种与系(人)、实验室诊断、免疫应答及免疫预... 嗜血支原体病是一种人兽共患病,也是我国近几年来新流行的传染病之一,分布十分广泛,对我国养猪业的危害更大。本文对嗜血支原体的生物学特性、对动物与人的致病种和宿主、传播媒介、易感动物种与系(人)、实验室诊断、免疫应答及免疫预防和防控措施等方面做一简要综述。 展开更多
关键词 嗜血支原体 宿主动物异性 吸血节肢动物 血源性传播
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植酸酶实用指南(四)——300个问题与答案 被引量:1
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作者 张若寒 《中国禽业导刊》 2002年第15期40-41,共2页
关键词 植酸酶 饲料构成异性 动物特异性 反应条件异性 营养价值 饲料成本 饲料添加剂 经济效益
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Proteomic survey towards the tissue-specific proteins of mouse mitochondria 被引量:3
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作者 WANG Yuan SUN HaiDan RU YaWei YIN SongYue YIN Liang LIU SiQi 《Science China(Life Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2011年第1期3-15,共13页
Mitochondrion plays the key functions in mammalian cells. It is believed that mitochondrion exerts the common biologic functions in many tissues, but also performs some specific functions correspondent with tissues wh... Mitochondrion plays the key functions in mammalian cells. It is believed that mitochondrion exerts the common biologic functions in many tissues, but also performs some specific functions correspondent with tissues where it is localized. To identify the tissue-specific mitochondrial proteins, we carried out a systematic survey towards mitochondrial proteins in the tissues of C57BL/6J mouse, such as liver, kidney and heart. The mitochondrial proteins were separated by 2DE and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Total of 87 unique proteins were identified as the tissue-specific ones, and some representatives were further verified through ICPL quantification and Western blot. Because these issue-specific proteins are coded from nuclear genes, real-time PCR was employed to examine the mRNA status of six typical genes found in the tissues.With combining of the expression data and the co-localization images obtained from confocal microscope, we came to the conclusion that the tissue-specifically mitochondrial proteins were widely distributed among the mouse tissues. Our investigation, therefore, indeed provides a solid base to further explore the biological significance of the mitochondrial proteins with tissue-orientation. 展开更多
关键词 PROTEOMICS TISSUE-SPECIFIC MITOCHONDRIA
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