线状动物纹理特征及其皮革面料设计应用

为增加皮革面料设计的多样性,分析了老虎纹与斑马纹这2种以线要素为主体构成的线状动物纹理特征,利用天然线状动物纹理进行了皮革面料设计的仿真与创新。运用线状动物纹理的横向、纵向、斜向、自由排列,虎纹与具象图案、其他动物纹理或虎纹与具象图案加其他动物纹理等不同组合方式,在皮革面料上,进行线状动物纹理图案设计;并通过改变线状动物纹理的底色与线条色彩,在皮革面料上,进行线状动物纹理的色彩设计。研究结果为皮革制品的设计提供了新的思路。

点状动物纹理特征及其皮革面料的设计研究

将动物纹理的特征加以总结,在分析以点要素为主体构成的点状动物纹理特征的基础上,着重分析用其他皮革仿制珍稀动物皮革或用皮革仿制动物毛皮纹理时所采用的设计方法。通过对皮革面料纹理的设计,可以增加皮革面料的多样性与时尚性,为皮革制品设计提供新的思路。

A fine-grained perspective on the robustness of global cargo ship transportation networks

The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current research mainly focuses on the coarse-grained, holistic cargo ship transportation network while ignoring the structural diversity of different sub-networks. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of the global cargo ship transportation network based on the most recent Automatic Identification System（AIS） data available. First, we subdivide three typical cargo ship transportation networks（i.e., oil tanker, container ship and bulk carrier） from the original cargo ship transportation network. Then, we design statistical indices based on complex network theory and employ four attack strategies, including random attack and three intentional attacks（i.e., degree-based attack, betweenness-based attack and flux-based attack） to evaluate the robustness of the three typical cargo ship transportation networks. Finally, we compare the integrity of the remaining ports of the network when a small proportion of ports lose their function. The results show that 1） compared with the holistic cargo ship transportation network, the fine-grain-based cargo ship transportation networks can fully reflect the pattern and process of global cargo transportation; 2） different cargo ship networks behave heterogeneously in terms of their robustness, with the container network being the weakest and the bulk carrier network being the strongest; and 3） small-scale intentional attacks may have significant influence on the integrity of the container network but a minor impact on the bulk carrier and oil tanker transportation networks. These conclusions can help improve the decision support capabilities in maritime transportation planning and emergency response and facilitate the establishment of a more reliable maritime transportation system.Abstract： The robustness of cargo ship transportation networks is essential to the stability of the world trade system. The current research mainly focuses on the coarse-grained, holistic cargo ship transportation network while ignoring the structural diversity of different sub-networks. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of the global cargo ship transporta- tion network based on the most recent Automatic Identification System （AIS） data available. First, we subdivide three typical cargo ship transportation networks （i.e., oil tanker, container ship and bulk carrier） from the original cargo ship transportation network. Then, we design statistical indices based on complex network theory and employ four attack strategies, in- cluding random attack and three intentional attacks （i.e., degree-based attack, between- ness-based attack and flux-based attack） to evaluate the robustness of the three typical cargo ship transportation networks. Finally, we compare the integrity of the remaining ports of the network when a small proportion of ports lose their function. The results show that 1） com- pared with the holistic cargo ship transportation network, the fine-grain-based cargo ship transportation networks can fully reflect the pattern and process of global cargo transportation 2） different cargo ship networks behave heterogeneously in terms of their robustness, with the container network being the weakest and the bulk carrier network being the strongest; and 3） small-scale intentional attacks may have significant influence on the integrity of the con- tainer network but a minor impact on the bulk carrier and oil tanker transportation networks.These conclusions can help improve the decision support capabilities in maritime transportation planning and emergency response and facilitate the establishment of a more reliable maritime transportation system.