恒河猴艾滋病模型中枢神经系统及淋巴结病变的电镜观察

目的观察恒河猴艾滋病模型不同感染阶段中枢神经系统及淋巴结的超微结构改变,探讨艾滋病的发病机制和病理改变的发展过程。方法 15只恒河猴,1只为正常对照,其余14只静脉注射感染SIVmac239猴艾滋病病毒,分别于感染后1周,2周,1个月,2个月,12个月,18个月取腹股沟淋巴结及下丘脑组织进行透射电镜检查。结果感染后1周即可出现淋巴结内淋巴细胞病变,表现为线粒体肿胀,嵴溶解,出现自噬体等。感染后2周及1个月时淋巴细胞病变主要表现为线粒体肿胀,嵴溶解;感染2个月时淋巴细胞细胞核形态出现明显改变。感染后12个月淋巴结内多数淋巴细胞出现病变,细胞肿胀,细胞器正常形态大部分消失;部分细胞出现溶解性坏死的特征。至感染后期(18个月时),淋巴结内局部淋巴细胞稀疏,细胞核肿胀或形态不规则。中枢神经系统的病变在感染后1周出现,表现为神经纤维肿胀,感染后2周出现神经元的病变,表现为神经元线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网脱颗粒,尼氏体消失;神经纤维内出现空泡。感染后12个月及18个月时,神经元和神经纤维的病变加重。结论在SIV感染早期,淋巴结内淋巴细胞及中枢神经系统即可出现病变,维持一段相对稳定的时间后,至疾病后期,病变加重。中枢神经系统与淋巴结的超微结构病变发展规律有一定的相似性。

非洲绿猴在艾滋病研究中的应用进展

人类在人免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV-1）感染后，通常经过一段潜伏期，进展为艾滋病（acquired immunodeficiency syndromes，AIDS）。非洲绿猴（African green monkeys，AGM）是SIV（simian immunodeficiency virus，SIV）的天然宿主，虽然体内的病毒水平与HIV感染者相似，但不表现出艾滋病症状。因此，探索AGM控制病毒复制和疾病进展的分子机制，可以很好地促进对HIV感染致病机理的认识和AIDS疫苗与治疗方法的研究。本文简要介绍AGM在艾滋病研究中的应用和最新研究进展，为艾滋病动物模型的研究提供更多参考。

我国动物传染病的发展现状与科研动向

动物传染病一直困扰畜牧业生产,给人类健康和畜牧业的发展都带来了极大威胁。近年来我国的动物传染病发展出现了一些新的流行特点,并有新的发展趋势。相比之下,我国动物传染病在科学研究方面相对落后,在动物传染病研究的基本思路、科研动向等方面,都还有很多工作要做。1我国动物传染病的发展状况1.1我国动物传染病的流行特点（1）部分传统疫病非典型化。

Establishment of AIDS Animal Model with SIVmac239 Infected Chinese Rhesus Monkey

In the present research,two Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with 5000 TCID50 of SIVmac239. The changes in the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocyte in peripheral blood,plasma viral loads,proviral DNA and humoral antibodies against virus were periodically monitored during 121 days. At the early stage of infection,proviral DNA had been detected in PBMCs,and infectious SIVmac239 virus had been isolated from PBMCs. At the same period,the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes were significantly decreased,and maintained at low level during the 121-day period of infection. Plasma viral loads reached the peak at week 2 post-inoculation and kept at a steady state subsequently. Moreover,antibodies against viral proteins were detected from plasma. All the results showed that the two Chinese rhesus monkeys had been infected with SIVmac239 successfully. This animal model can be applied for further AIDS researches.

Animal models to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection has become a public health issue worldwide. Up to now, there have been many unresolved issues either in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of M.tb/HIV coinfection or in the basic understanding of the mechanisms for the impairments to the immune system by interactions of these two pathogens. One important reason for these unsolved issues is the lack of appropriate animal models for the study of M.tb/HIV coinfection. This paper reviews the recent development of research on the animal models of M.tb/HIV co-infection, with a focus on the non-human primate models.