《二刻拍案惊奇》外形特征类名量词研究

量词是汉藏语系语言的一大特色，近代汉语量词的研究有助于整个量词发展史的建立。本文在全面考察《二刻拍案惊奇》名量词的基础上，对其外形特征类名量词进行了语义特征分析，并与魏晋南北朝和现代汉语名量词相比较，举例说明量词在《二刻拍案惊奇》中的用法。

LOCALIZATION OF OBJECT (SPINE) IN MEDICAL IMAGE USING ACTIVE SHAPE MODELS

Active shape models (ASM), consisting of a shape model and a local gray-level appearance model, can be used to locate the objects in images. In original ASM scheme, the model of object′s gray-level variations is based on the assumption of one-dimensional sampling and searching method. In this work a new way to model the gray-level appearance of the objects is explored, using a two-dimensional sampling and searching technique in a rectangular area around each landmark of object shape. The ASM based on this improvement is compared with the original ASM on an identical medical image set for task of spine localization. Experiments demonstrate that the method produces significantly fast, effective, accurate results for spine localization in medical images.

Optimal shape space and searching in the active shape model

A novel idea,called the optimal shape subspace （OSS） is first proposed for optimizing active shape model （ASM） search.It is constructed from the principal shape subspace and the principal shape variance subspace.It allows the reconstructed shape to vary more than that reconstructed in the standard ASM shape space,hence it is more expressive in representing shapes in real life.Then a cost function is developed,based on a study on the search process.An optimal searching method using the feedback information provided by the evaluation cost is proposed to improve the performance of ASM alignment.Experimental results show that the proposed OSS can offer the maximum shape variation with reserving the principal information and a unique local optimal shape is acquired after optimal searching.The combination of OSS and optimal searching can improve the ASM performance greatly.

Synthesis of platelet-activating factor and its receptor expression in Kupffer cells in rat carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis

AIM:To determine the platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and its receptor expression in Kupffer cells in rat carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. METHODS:Kupffer cells, isolated from the livers of control and CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats, were placed in serum-free medium overnight. PAF saturation binding, ET-1 saturation and competition binding were assayed. ET-1 induced PAF synthesis, mRNA expression of PAF, preproendothelin-1, endothelin A (ETA) and endothelin B (ETB) receptors were also determined. RESULTS:A two-fold increase of PAF synthesis (1.42 ± 0.14 vs 0.66 ± 0.04 pg/μg DNA) and a 1.48-fold increase of membrane-bound PAF (1.02 ± 0.06 vs 0.69 ± 0.07 pg/μg DNA) were observed in activated Kupffer cells of cirrhotic rats. The application of ET-1 to Kupffer cells induced PAF synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in both cirrhotic and normal rats via ETB receptor, but PAF synthesis in the activated Kupffer cells was more effective than that in the normal Kupffer cells. In activated Kupffer cells, PAF receptor expression and PAF binding capacity were markedly enhanced. Activated Kupffer cells raised the [125I]-ET-1 binding capacity, but changed neither the affinity of the receptors, nor the expression of ETA receptor. CONCLUSION:Kupffer cells in the course of CCl4-induced cirrhosis are the main source of increased PAF. ET-1 is involved endogenously in stimulating the PAF synthesis in activated Kupffer cells via ETB receptor by paracrine. ETA receptor did not appear in activated Kupffer cells, which may exacerbate the hepatic and extrahepatic complications of cirrhosis.

Pretreatment of cromolyn sodium prior to reperfusion attenuates early reperfusion injury after the small intestine ischemia in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Cromolyn Sodium (CS) pretreated prior to reperfusion on the activity of intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) and mucous membrane of the small intestine in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of rats. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (group S), model group (group M), high and low dosage of CS groups, (treated with CS 50 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg, group C1 and C2). Intestinal IR damage was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. CS was intravenouly administrated 15 min before reperfusion. Ultrastructure and counts of IMMC, intestinal structure, the expression of tryptase, levels of malondisldehyde (MDA), TNF-α, histamine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the small intestine were detected at the end of experiment. RESULTS: The degranulation of IMMC was seen in group M and was attenuated by CS treatment. Chiu’s score of group M was higher than the other groups. CS could attenuate the up-regulation of the Chiu’s score, the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and expression of tryptase and the down-regulation of SOD activity and histamine concentration. The Chiu’s score and MDA content were negatively correlated, while SOD activity was positively correlated to the histamine concentration respectively in the IR groups. CONCLUSION: Pretreated of CS prior to reperfusion protects the small intestine mucous from ischemia- reperfusion damage, the mechanism is inhibited IMMC from degranulation.

Protective effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and octreotide on renal injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and octreotide on renal injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and eighty SD rats were randomly assigned to the model group, Baicalin-treated group, octreotide-treated group and sham operation group. The mortality, plasma endotoxin level, contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in serum, expression levels of renal Bax and Bcl-2 protein, apoptotic indexes and pathological changes of kidney were observed at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. RESULTS: The renal pathological changes were milder in treated group than in model group. The survival at 12 h and renal apoptotic indexes at 6 h were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in treated group than in model group [66.67% vs 100%; 0.00 (0.02)% and 0.00 (0.04)% vs 0.00 (0.00)%, respectively]. The serum CREA content was markedly lower in octreotide-treated group than in model group at 3 h and 6 h (P < 0.01, 29.200 ± 5.710 μmol/L vs 38.400 ± 11.344 μmol/L; P < 0.05, 33.533 ± 10.106 μmol/L vs 45.154 ± 17.435 μmol/L, respectively). The expression level of renal Bax protein was not significantly different between model group and treated groups at all time points. The expression level of renal Bcl-2 protein was lower in Baicalin-treated group than in model group at 6 h [P < 0.001, 0.00 (0.00) grade score vs 3.00 (3.00) grade score]. The Bcl-2 expression level was lower in octreotide-treated group than in model group at 6 h and 12 h [P < 0.05, 0.00 (0.00) grade score vs 3.00 (3.00) grade score; 0.00 (0.00) grade score vs 0.00 (1.25) grade score, respectively]. The serum NO contents were lower in treated groups than in model group at 3 h and 12 h [P < 0.05, 57.50 (22.50) and 52.50 (15.00) μmol/L vs 65.00 (7.50) μmol/L; P < 0.01, 57.50 (27.50) and 45.00 (12.50) μmol/L vs 74.10 (26.15) μmol/L, respectively]. The plasma endotoxin content and serum BUN content (at 6 h and 12 h) were lower in treated groups than in model group. The contents of IL-6, ET-1, TNF-α (at 6 h) and PLA2 (at 6 h and 12 h) were lower in treated groups than in model group [P < 0.001, 3.031 (0.870) and 2.646 (1.373) pg/mL vs 5.437 (1.025) pg/mL; 2.882 (1.392) and 3.076 (1.205) pg/mL vs 6.817 (0.810) pg/mL; 2.832 (0.597) and 2.462 (1.353) pg/mL vs 5.356 (0.747) pg/mL; 16.226 (3.174) and 14.855 (5.747) pg/mL vs 25.625 (7.973) pg/mL; 18.625 (5.780) and 15.185 (1.761) pg/mL vs 24.725 (3.759) pg/mL; 65.10 (27.51) and 47.60 (16.50) pg/mL vs 92.15 (23.12) pg/mL; 67.91 ± 20.61 and 66.86 ± 22.10 U/mL, 63.13 ± 26.31 and 53.63 ± 12.28 U/mL vs 101.46 ± 14.67 and 105.33 ± 18.10 U/mL, respectively]. CONCLUSION: Both Baicalin and octreotide can protect the kidney of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. The therapeutic mechanisms of Baicalin and octreotide might be related to their inhibition of inflammatory mediators and induction of apoptosis. Baicalin might be a promising therapeutic tool for severe acute pancreatitis.

Positive correlation between plasma PCSK9 and tissue factors levels in patients with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

Background Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） is a secreted protein that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Both oxidized LDL and tissue factor （TF） contributed to the development of prothrombofic state. The pre- sent study aims to explore the relationship between plasma level of PCSK9 and that of TF in patient with coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods From July 2013 to March 2014, we enrolled 197 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in this study. All patients had no history of using lipid-lowering medication. Of these 197 patients （1B 1 male and 66 female, mean age 56.9 ± 11.8 years）, 81 had angiographically diagnosed CAD. Clinical data were collected. Plasma PCSK9 and TF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Levels of plasma PCSK9 and TF were compared and their correlation analyzed among different patient groups. Results Both plasma levels of PCSK9 （279.8 ± 60.4μg/L vs. 216.5 ± 45.3μg/L, P 〈 0.01） and TF （156.4 ± 26.6 μg/mL vs. 112.1 ± 38.3 μg/L, P 〈 0.01） were significantly higher in patients with CAD, as compared with those with- out CAD. Correlation analysis showed plasma level of PCSK9 was significantly correlated with that of TF in both patients with and without CAD. However, multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, hypertension and hyperlipidemia showed that only in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was significant positive correlation between plasma levels of PCSK9 and TF （β = 0.353, P 〈 0.01）. Coneluslons The plasma level of PCSK9 is independently and positively associated with that of TF in CAD patients with diabetes mellitus, but not in those without diabetes mellitus. Further study is needed to investigate the underlying mechanism.

Factors Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Young Population(Age≤40):Analysis with 217 Cases

Objective To investigate the relevant factors of coronary artery disease （CAD） in young people under 40 years of age. Methods The study population was 292 young patients accepting coronary angiography in Fuwai Hospital from July to December 2006, including 272 men and 20 women, with the mean age being 36.7±3.7 years. The diagnosis of CAD was made in the cases presenting ~ 50% stenosis in coronary lumen in coronary angiography. Based on the diagnosis, 217 patients （204 men, 13 women） were assigned to CAD group, and 75 （68 men, 7 women） to non-CAD group. Clinical data and metabolic characteristics of the patients were collected and analyzed using t-test, Z2 test, and multinomial logistic regression with SPSS 8.0 software. Results Most study subjects were current smokers （209/292, 71.6%）, and more than half had body mass index （BMI）〉24 kg/m2 （230/292, 78.8%） and usually took high-fat diet （162/292, 55.5%）. The proportion of heavy smokers （smoking history ≥10 years and t〉20 cigarettes per clay） were significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group [20.7% （45/217） vs. 9.3% （7/75）, P=0.015）]. Heavy smoking [odds ratio （OR）, 1.89; 95% confidence interval （CI）, 1.74-2.05], hypertension （OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.48-1.65）, alcohol （OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.30-1.46）, type 2 diabetes mellitus （OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.25-1.50）, high-fat diet （OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28-1.43）, and BMI〉24 kg/m2 （OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17） were factors related to CAD in the young patients （all P〈0.05）. Total cholesterol （4.56_±1.46 mmol/L vs. 4.09_±1.00 mmol/L）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （2.38±1.11 mmol/L vs. 2.14±0.63 rnmol/L）, lipoprotein a （134.97±109.70 mg/L vs. 101.58±58.39 mg/L）, uric acid （359.89_±100.09 μmol/L vs. 336.75±94.36 μmol/L）, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （9.98± 12.19 ram/hour vs. 4.89_±4.92 mm/hour）, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （3.42±4.39 mg/L vs. 2.80±_3.77 mg/L） and Big endothelin-1 （1.41±1.50 fmol/mL vs. 0.77_±1.13 fmol/mL） in plasma were significantly increased in the CAD group compared with the non-CAD group （all P〈0.05）. Conclusions Heavy smoking, hypertension, alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high-fat diet and BMI〉24 kg/m2 were significantly related to CAD in patients aged ≤40, with heavy smoking presenting the highest OR. Metabolic syndrome and inflammation were also more common in young CAD patients than in non-CAD patients.

Characterizing and Analyzing the Airflow Field inside the Nozzle Block of Murata Vortex Spinning

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model is developed by software Fluent 6.2, to simulate the flow field inside the nozzle block of the Murata vortex spinning. The flowing state and the distribution law of static pressure and velocity are characterized and analyzed. The relationship between the flowing state and the structure of the vortex spun yarn is also discussed. The research results can enhance the understanding of the yarn formation principle from viewpoint of the airflow field law inside the nozzle block of Murata vortex spinning.

Is frailty associated with short-term outcomes for elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome？

Background Frailty is a new prognostic factor in cardiovascular medicine due to the aging and increasingly complex nature of elderly patients. It is useful and meaningful to prospectively analyze the manner in which frailty predicts short-term outcomes for elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. Methods Patients aged 〉 65 years, with diagnosis of ACS from cardiology department and geriatrics department were included from single-center. Clinical data including geriatrics syndromes were collected using Comprehensive Geriatrics Assessment. Frailty was defined according to the Clinical Frailty Scale and the impact of the co-morbidities on risk was quantified by the coronary artery disease （CAD）--specific index. Patients were followed up by clinical visit or telephone consultation and the median follow-up time is 120 days. Following-up items included all-cause mortality, unscheduled return visit, in-hospital and recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events. Multivariable regression survival analysis was performed using Cox regression. Results Of the 352 patients, 152 （43.18%） were considered frail according to the study instrument （5-7 on the scale）, and 93 （26.42%） were considered moderately or se- verely frail （6-7 on the scale）. Geriatrics syndromes including incontinence, fall history, visual impairment, hearing impairment, constipation, chronic pain, sleeping disorder, dental problems, anxiety or depression, and delirium were more frequently in frail patients than in non-frail patients （P = 0.000, 0.031, 0.009, 0.014, 0.000, 0.003, 0.022, 0.000, 0.074, and 0.432, respectively）. Adjusted for sex, age, severity of coro- nary artery diseases （left main coronary artery lesion or not） and co-morbidities （CAD specific index） by Cox survival analysis, frailty was found to be strongly and independently associated with risk for the primary composite outcomes： all-canse mortality [Hazard Ratio （HR） = 5.393; 95% CI： 1.477-19.692, P = 0.011] and unscheduled return visit （HR - 2.832; 95% CI： 1.140-7.037, P = 0.025）. Conclusions Comprehensive Geriatrics Assessment and Clinical Frail Scale were useful in evaluation of elderly patients with ACS. Frailty was strongly and independently associated with short-term outcomes for elderly patients with ACS.

Alleviation of ischemia/reperfusion injury in ob/ob mice by inhibiting UCP-2 expression in fatty liver

AIM： To investigate the protective effect of target suppression of uncoupling protein-2 （UCP-2） on ischemia/ reperfusion （I/R） injury in fatty liver in ob/ob mice. METHODS： Plasmids suppressing UCP-2 expression were constructed, and transfected into fatty liver cells cultured in vitro and the ob/ob mouse I/R injury model. Serum tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α levels, UCP-2 mRNA expression, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels in ob/ob mice were tested, and the pathological changes in fatty liver were observed in experimental and control groups. RESULTS： In ob/ob mouse I/R models, serum TNF-α levels were significantly higher than in normal controls. After the plasmids were transfected into the cultured cells and animal models, expression of UCP-2 rnRNA was significantly reduced as compared with that in the control group （2^1.56± 0.15 vs 2^-0.45± 0.15, p 〈 0.05）. In ob/ob mouse models, in which expression of UCP-2 was suppressed, serum ALT levels were significantly lower than those of other groups, and pathological analysis revealed that injury of liver tissues was significantly alleviated. CONCLUSION： The target suppression of UCP-2 expression in fatty liver can alleviate the I/R injury in the ob/ob mice.

Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium score in patients with stable an-gina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives To evaluate the prognostic value of the coronary artery calcium （CAC） score in patients with stable angina pectoris （SAP） who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods A total of 334 consecutive patients with SAP who underwent first PCI following multi-slice computer tomography （MSCT） were enrolled from our institution between January 2007 and June 2012. The CAC score was calculated according to the standard Agatston calcium scoring algorithm. Complex PCI was defined as use of high pressure bal-loon, kissing balloon and/or rotablator. Procedure-related complications included dissection, occlusion, perforation, no/slow flow and emer-gency coronary artery bypass grafting. Main adverse cardiac events （MACE） were defined as a combined end point of death, non-fatal myo-cardial infarction, target lesion revascularization and rehospitalization for cardiac ischemic events. Results Patients with a CAC score〉300 （n=145） had significantly higher PCI complexity （13.1%vs. 5.8%, P=0.017） and rate of procedure-related complications （17.2%vs. 7.4%, P=0.005） than patients with a CAC score≤300 （n=189）. After a median follow-up of 22.5 months （4-72 months）, patients with a CAC score≤300 differ greatly than those patients with CAC score＆gt;300 in cumulative non-events survival rates （88.9 vs. 79.0%, Log rank 4.577, P=0.032）. After adjusted for other factors, the risk of MACE was significantly higher [hazard ratio （HR）：4.3, 95%confidence inter-val （95%CI）：2.4-8.2, P=0.038] in patients with a CAC score〉300 compared to patients with a lower CAC score. Conclusions The CAC score is an independent predictor for MACE in SAP patients who underwent PCI and indicates complexity of PCI and proce-dure-related complications.

Hypoestoxide inhibits tumor growth in the mouse CT26 colon tumor model

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the natural diterpenoid, hypoestoxide (HE) on the growth of established colon cancer in mice. METHODS: The CT26.WT mouse colon carcinoma cell line was grown and expanded in vitro. Following the expansion, BALB/c mice were inoculated s.c. with viable tumor cells. After the tumors had established and developed to about 80-90 mm3, the mice were started on chemotherapy by oral administration of HE, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or combination. RESULTS: The antiangiogenic HE has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of melanoma in the B16F1 tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate that mean volume of tumors in mice treated with oral HE as a single agent or in combination with 5-FU, were significantly smaller (> 60%) than those in vehicle control mice (471.2 mm3 vs 1542.8 mm3, P < 0.01). The significant reductions in tumor burden resulted in pronounced mean survival times (MST) and increased life spans (ILS) in the treated mice. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that HE is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer in mice and that HE may be used alone or in combination with 5-FU.

Is the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 the best predictor for the severity of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics with stable angina pectoris？ An assessment based on Gensini scores

Background There is a paucity of data about the best lipid ratio predicting the severity of coronary artery disease （CAD） in patients with diabetes mellitus. We determined the relationship between five conventional lipid ratios and the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese Type 2 diabetics with stable angina pectoris （SAP）. Methods A prospective cohort study within 373 type 2 diabetic patients diag- nosed with stable CAD by coronary angiography was performed. All patients were classified into three groups according to the tertiles of Gensini scores （GS, low group 〈 8 points n = 143; intermediate group 8-28 points, n = 109; high group 〉 28 points, n = 121）. Association between the ratios of apolipoprotein （apo） B and apoA-1, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （TC/HDL-C）, triglycerides and HDL-C （TG/HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL-C （LDL-C/HDL-C）, Non-HDL-C/HDL-C and GS were evaluated using the receivers operating characteristic （ROC） curves and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The ratio of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were correlated with Gensini scores. Area under the ROC curves for predicting high Gensini scores in the ratios of apoB/apoA-1, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C were 0.62, 0.60, 0.59 and 0.60, respec- tively （P 〈 0.005 for all）. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusted with demographic characteristic and other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 is qualified as an independent discriminator for the severity of CAD. However, after fiu-ther adjusting different baseline variables, such as left ventricular ejective fraction, hemoglobin Alc, leukocytes count and serum creatinine, none of the above lipid ratios remained. Conclusions Compared with other lipid parameters, the ratio of apoB/apoA-1 appears to be more significantly correlated with the extent of coronary artery lesions in Chinese diabetics, but it was not an independent predictor in these settings.

Research on transformation from UML statechart to interface automata

This paper studies the problem of deriving an interface automata model from UML statechart, in which, interface automata is a formaliged model for describing component behavior in an open system, but there is no universal criterion for deriving behavior from component to construct the model. UML is a widely used modeling standard, yet it is very difficult to apply it to system verification and testing directly for its imprecise semantics. After analyzing the expression ability of the two models, several transforma- tion rules are defined and each step of transformation is described in detail, after that, the approach is illustrated with an example. The paper provides a method for acquiring interface automata and lays the foundation for related research.

Endovascular stent-graft for type B aortic dissection in elderly patients

Objective To report the clinical outcome and complications ofendovascular stent-graft treatment for type B aortic dissection in elderly patients, as compared with younger patients in a single medical center. Methods From May 2002 to July 2008, endovascular stent-graft implantation was performed in 124 patients with type B aortic dissection at the Department of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital. Among them, 39 patients were 60 yrs or older （ranging ~om 68 to 81 years） while 85 patients were younger than 60 years old （ranging from 31 to 58 years）. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 26 months （ranging from 1 to 78 months）. Clinical data were analyzed between the two groups. Results Comparing with the younger group, the elderly group had higher prevalence of coronary artery disease （59.0% vs 24.7%, P=0.001）. There was no significant difference of complication rates between the 2 groups （38.5% vs 31.8%, P=0.54）. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a similar 5-year survival rate（80.2% vs 89.6%; Log Rank, P=0.31） between the 2 groups. Conclusions Endovascular stent-graft implantation is safe and effective in the treatment of type B aortic dissection for both elderly and younger patients. The procedure-related complication rate seems independent of age .

Coronary revascularization in the elderly with stable angina

A proportion of elderly with coronary artery disease is rapidly growing. They have more severe coronary artery disease, therefore, derive more benefit fi＇om revascularization and have a greater need for it. The elderly is a heterogeneous group, but compared to the younger cohort, the choice of the optimal revascularization method is much more complicated among them. In recent decades, results has improved dramatically both in surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, even in very old persons. Despite the lack of evidence in elderly, it is obvious, that coronary artery bypass surgery （CABG） has a more pronounced effect on long-term survival in price of more strokes, while PCI is certainly less invasive. Age itself is not a criterion for the selection of treatment strategy, but the elderly are often more interested in quality of life and personal independence instead of longevity. This article discusses the factors that influence the choice of the revascularization method in the elderly with stable angina and presents a complex algorithm for making an individual risk-benefit profile. As a consequence the features of CABG and PCI in elderly patients are exposed. Emphasis is centered on the frailty and non-medical factors, including psychosocial, as essential components in making the decision of what strategy to choose. Good communication with the patients and giving them unbiased information is encouraged.

Traffic Flow States in a Freeway with Bottleneck

The system of mixture of single lane and double lane is studied by a cellular automata model, which is developed by us based on the Nagel and Schreckenberg＇s models. We justify that the model can reach a stable states quickly. The density distributions of the stable state is presented for several cases, which illustrate the manner of the congestion. The relationship between the outflow rate and the total number of vehicles and that between the outflow rate and the density just before the bottleneck are both given. Comparing with the relationship that occurring in the granular flow, we conclude that the transition from the free traffic flow to the congested traffic flow can also be attributed to the abrupt variation through unstable flow state, which can naturally explain the discontinuities and the complex time variation behavior observed in the traffic flow experiments.

Homocysteine is associated with the progression of non-culprit coronary lesions in elderly acute coronary syndrome patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background The influence of homocysteine （Hcy） on the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells has been well established. However, the impact of Hcy levels on the progression of non-culprit coronary lesions （NCCLs） is controversial. This study aims to evaluate whether the plasma level of Hcy is related to the progression of NCCLs after percutaneous coronary stent implantation in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. Methods A total of 223 elderly patients （〉 65 years old） with ACS undergoing stent im- plantation and follow-up coronary angiography were enrolled. Laboratory determination comprised of blood sample evaluation for Hcy was carried out before baseline coronary intervention. The patients were classified into two groups according to the blood Hcy tertiles （〉 15 mmol/L or 〈 15 mmol/L）. Patients were followed up for 12.2 months. NCCL progression was assessed by three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography. Results A significantly higher ratio of NCCL progression was observed in the group with baseline Hcy concentrations above 15 mmol/L compared to the group with concentrations below 15 mmol/L （41/127, 32.3% vs. 14/96, 14.6%, P = 0.002）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Hcy and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for NCCL progression. The crude haz- ard ratio （HR） of NCCL progression for Hcy level was 1.056 （95% CI： 1.01-1.104, P = 0.015）. The adjusted HR of NCCL progression for Hcy level was 1.024 （95% CI： 1.007-1.042, P = 0.007）. The adjusted HR of NCCL progression for diabetes mellitus was 1.992 （95% CI： 1.15-3.44, P = 0.013）. Conclusions Hcy is an independent risk factor for NCCL progression after 12 months of follow-up in elderly patients with ACS who has undergone percutaneous coronary stenting.

Steering Vibrational Population Transfer via Double-∑-Type Laser Scheme

The vibrational state-selected population transfer from a highly vibrationally excited level to the ground level is of great importance in the preparation of ultra-cold molecules. By using the time-dependent quantum-wave-packet method, the population transfer dynamics is investigated theoretically for the HF molecule. A double-E-type laser scheme is proposed to transfer the population from the ｜v=16〉 level to the ground vibrational level ｜v=0〉 on the ground electronic state. The scheme consists of two steps： The first step is to transfer the population from ｜v=16〉 to ｜v=7〉 via an intermediate level ｜v=11〉, and the second one is to transfer the population from ｜v=7〉 to ｜v=0〉 via ｜v=3〉. In each step, three vibrational levels form a E-type population transfer path under the action of two temporally overlapped laser pulses. The maximal population-transfer efficiency is obtained by optimizing the laser inten- sities, frequencies, and relative delays. Cases for the pulses in intuitive and counterintuitive sequences are both calculated and compared. It is found that for both cases the population can be efficiently （over 90%） transferred from the ｜v=-16〉 level to the ｜v=0〉 level.