我国体智能研究的动态、热点与趋势--基于CNKI和万方数据(1990-2021)的知识图谱分析

目的:“体脑双优”是国家对儿童青少年成长提出的目标和要求,促进儿童青少年体质健康和脑智发育协同发展成为新的研究热点,体智能作为体智融合领域的新概念,其研究的动态、热点与趋势值得探究。方法:采用CiteSpace V知识图谱软件,对CNKI和万方收录的1163篇相关期刊论文和硕博论文进行可视化分析。结论:1)我国体智能研究在发展过程中经历了两大主题提出的萌芽期、研究内容细化的发展期和研究取向分化的瓶颈期三个阶段;2)研究热点包括多元智能的理论与实践研究、体育运动中的运动智力研究和针对幼儿群体的体智能研究三大方面,且幼儿体智能干预促进仍将是今后的主要研究方向;3)今后应开发定量的、可操作的体智能评价工具,加大体智能与人工智能结合领域的研究力度,促进我国体智能研究的可持续发展。

The impact of perception bias for cardiovascular disease risk on physical activity and dietary habits

Objective:Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a significant public health challenge in China.Accurateperception of individual CVD risk is crucial for timely intervention and preventive strategies.This studyaimed to determine the alignment between CVD risk perception levels and objectively calculated CVDrisk levels,then investigate the disparity in physical activity and healthy diet habits among distinct CVDrisk perception categories.Methods:From March to August 2022,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Zhejiang Province usingconvenience sampling.Participants aged between 20 and 80 years,without prior diagnosis of CVD wereincluded.CVD risk perception was evaluated with the Chinese version of the Attitude and Beliefs aboutCardiovascular Disease Risk Perception Questionnaire,while objective CVD risk was assessed through thePrediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk(China-PAR)model.Participants’demographicinformation,self-reported physical activity,and healthy diet score were also collected.Results:A total of 739 participants were included in the final analysis.Less than a third of participants(29.2%)accurately perceived their CVD risk,while 64.5%over-perceived it and 6.2%under-perceived it.Notably,half of the individuals(50.0%)with high CVD risk under-perceived their actual risk.Compared tothe accurate perception group,individuals aged 60e80 years old(OR=6.569),currently drinking(OR=3.059),and with hypertension(OR=2.352)were more likely to under-perceive their CVD risk.Meanwhile,participants aged 40-<60 years old(OR=2.462)and employed(OR=2.352)were morelikely to over-perceive their risk.The proportion of individuals engaging in physical activity was lowest inthe under-perception group,although the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant(X^(2)=2.556,P=0.278).In addition,the proportion of individuals practicing healthy diet habitswas also lowest in the under-perception group,and a significant statistical difference was observedamong the three groups(X^(2)=10.310,P=0.006).Conclusion:Only a small proportion of participants accurately perceived their CVD risk,especially amongthose with high actual CVD risk.Individuals in the under-perceived CVD risk group exhibited the lowestrates of physical activity engagement and healthy diet adherence.Healthcare professionals should prioritize implementing personalized CVD risk communication strategies tailored to specific subgroups toenhance the accuracy of risk perception.

Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored mHealth physical activity intervention for women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer:A quasi-experimental study

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of the theory-based tailored mHealth physical activity(PA)intervention among patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A quasi-experimental study design was adopted.A total of 60 breast cancer patients were selected from two tertiary hospitals in Shanghai and Hangzhou City from September 2019 to August 2021.According to the admission order,30 patients werefirst included in the control group,followed by 30 patients in the intervention group.A smartphone application(app)named“Breast Care”was developed based on social cognitive theory,self-efficacy theory,and the theory of planned behavior.The app integrated various functions,including information browsing,PA monitoring and feedback,symptom reporting,and social interaction.Patients in the intervention group received three months of personalized online PA guidance in addition to routine care.The control group received routine care.Baseline and post-intervention investigations after three months were conducted in two groups using the Short Form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and the Functional Assessment of Cancer TherapydBreast cancer.Results:After three months of intervention,compared to the control group,breast cancer patients in the intervention group showed significant improvements in walking,moderate PA,and overall PA(P<0.05).Compared to the baseline data,breast cancer patients in the intervention group had significant improvements in walking and overall PA after three months(P<0.05),whereas the control group experienced significant declines in walking,moderate PA,and overall PA after three months(P<0.05).There were statistically differences between the two groups in scores for anxiety,overall quality of life,and its dimensions,such as physical well-being,emotional well-being,and additional breast cancer well-being(P<0.05).Conclusions:The theory-based tailored mHealth PA intervention has demonstrated a positive impact on promoting PA behavior change and emotional management among breast cancer patients.The‘Breast Care’app integrated various practical behavior change strategies,offering valuable guidance for personalized remote rehabilitation support for cancer patients.

Effects of Lysine on the Expression of GHR mRNA in Sheep

[Objective] This study was to investgate the effects of lysine on the growth of sheep and its mechanism. [Method] Fifteen sheep about one-year old as experimental material were divided into three groups （group A, group B end group C）, into whose basal feed 0, 4 and 10 g h/sine were respectively added. After 28 d of feeding, the experimental sheep were all slaughtered for sampling; then total RNAs were extrac- ted from the samples and used to clone GHR and GAPDH genes via retrotrenscription for analyzing the expression abundance of GHR mRNA in Iongissimus dorsi muscle from different treatments. [Result] The expression of GHR mRNA in treatment B was significantly higher than that in treatment A（ P 〈0.01 ）, and significantly higher then that in treatment C （ P 〈0.05） ; while that in treatment C and treatment A was insignificantly different（ P 〉 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Addition of lysine into basal feed of sheep could dose-independently improve the expression of GHR gene in Iongissimus dorsi muscle.

加德纳教育理论中关于学校体育的观点及其对我国学校体育发展的启示

加德纳教育理论的主线是"个体智力多元论",学校体育观的核心是"身体动觉智能发展论"。"身体动觉智能"既是学校体育发展的重要智能,又是一种学生综合智能。"身体动觉智能"的核心是学生的模仿能力,掌握它需要十分努力的身体实践。体育教学过程还与学生的视觉-空间智能、交往-交流智能密切相关。加德纳教育理论对中国学校体育发展的启示:身体动觉智力既是学校体育发展的目标,也是学生多元综合智力目标中的一个重要智力;体育教学应以发展学生的身体动觉为主体,同时发展学生的视觉空间、自知自省和交往交流等多种智能;每一个学生的身体素质和运动基础不同,体育教学应实施差异性教学,发挥每一个学生的特长,并与多元评价对接。

论幼儿教师即兴舞蹈创作中的表象加工能力和身体动觉智力

幼儿舞蹈教育是一种以幼儿的终生发展、素质健全及人格完善为目的而展开的教育活动,而不仅仅是为满足成人的愿望而进行的一种程序化的训练。为了实现这一目的,幼儿舞蹈教育应以即兴舞蹈为主要手段来进行。这就要求身为幼儿舞蹈教育主要执行者的幼儿教师除了在即兴舞蹈创作中不断发展其自身的表象加工能力与身体动觉智力以外,还需要加强在幼儿舞蹈教育过程中观察、分析、评价、支持与指导幼儿的能力,不断激发幼儿的舞蹈兴趣,帮助幼儿充分感受和体验舞蹈的元素(时间、空间和力量),鼓励幼儿的大胆表达与创造。

即兴舞蹈融入舞蹈教学的研究——基于多元智能理论的视角

以多元智能理论为视角,从即兴舞蹈训练的理念及其价值出发,结合舞蹈教学的诉求,进行了理论分析和实施路径构想,以期为高校音乐学专业舞蹈教学的完善提供借鉴。

浅议体育教学中的“活”

按照新课程标准的要求,体育与健康课程是以促进学生身体、心理和社会适应能力整体健康水平提高为目标,构建了技能、认知、情感、行为等领域并行推进课堂结构,既融合了体育、生理、卫生保健、环境、社会、安全、营养等诸多学科领域的有关知识,又真正关注学生的健康意识,锻炼习惯和卫生习惯的养成。体育教学是实施素质教育的重要内容,更是素质教育实施过程中的一个重要的手段。

仿生机器鱼巡游性能的优化研究

传统的螺旋桨式水下推进器存在机械效率低和机动性能差等缺点,为大幅提高水下航行器的推进性能,仿生鱼类身体\尾鳍泳动模式研制出仿生机器鱼。为研究鱼体运动特征参数对推进性能的影响,建立身体\尾鳍推进模式的运动学方程和动力学模型。通过多步态仿真计算和仿生机器鱼水下游动实验,表明为保证高游速和高水平姿态稳定性,可设计一组特定的波幅包络线系数和体波摆动频率,以实现仿生机器鱼的巡游性能优化。

3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系构建与实证

构建3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系,为我国儿童体智能的评价与测量提供参考。基于文献分析和德尔菲法确立3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系及评分标准,以上海市6个区547名幼儿体智能测试结果作为样本数据,运用SPSS和Mplus对指标体系进行项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和信效度检验,并在多元方差分析和正态分布检验的基础上建立上海市常模。结果:该指标体系包含精细动作技能、位移技能、操控技能、稳定技能和问题解决能力5个维度共16个题项,各题项的难度和区分度适宜,同质性信度、重测信度和评分者信度良好,探索性和验证性因子分析显示指标体系的结构效度较好,多元方差分析显示体智能发展水平在年龄上存在显著差异。结论:3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系可以有效评估儿童体智能发展,且年龄常模的建立可以为儿童体智能评价提供参考标准。

Operationalizing physical literacy for learners: Embodying the motivation to move

Physical literacy is a concept that is expected to encompass the mind and body in an integrated way to explain, promote, and help sustain human beings＇ fundamental function： movement. According to Whitehead（2010）, physical literacy is defined by motivation, especially by competence-based and interest-based motivation. This point of view is consistent with vast amount of research evidence on children and adolescents＇ physical activity behavior. In the article I attempt to interpret and operationalize physical literacy from a perspective that children＇s motivation in physical education is both an innate mental disposition and an acquired/learned attribute. Particularly I rely on the conceptual learning theory and motivation regulation mechanisms of the self-determination theory to argue that in physical education, children should experience tasks that inspire them to embody competence and interest along with self-regulation strategies necessary for developing and sustaining the motivation to move.

不可忽视的舞蹈教学与身体-动觉智能

本文以舞蹈的肢体运动这一特点为主,阐述舞蹈活动如何通过其独有的方式让青少年儿童远离终日坐在书桌前学习的枯燥,以满足他/她们"爱动"的天性。与此同时,鉴于心理学家和教育学家霍华德·加德纳的多元智能理论,舞蹈学习更是挖掘和培养青少年儿童身体-动觉智能的重要方式之一。

High-intensity interval training(HIIT) for patients with chronic diseases

Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are high-intensity interval training （HIIT） and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training （MCT）. HIIT was first used early in the 20th century and popularized later that century for improving performance of Olympic athletes. The primary premise underlying HIIT is that, compared to energy expenditure-matched MCT, a greater amount of work is performed at a higher intensity during a single exercise session which is achieved by alternating high-intensity exercise intervals with low-intensity exercise or rest intervals. Emerging research suggests that this same training method can provide beneficial effects for patients with a chronic disease and should be included in the comprehensive medical management plan. Accordingly, a major consideration in developing an individual exercise prescription for a patient with a chronic disease is the selection of an appropriate exercise strategy. In order to maximize exercise training benefits, this strategy should be tailored to the individual＇s need. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief summary of the current literature re^ardin~ the use of HIIT to enhance the fimctional capacity of individuals with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and diabetes diseases.

Fundamental movement skills training to promote physical activity in children with and without disability： A pilot study

Background： A positive association between fundamental movement skills （FMS） and physical activity （PA） has been shown in previous research of children with and without disability. This pilot study explored a causal mechanism for such relationship, and hypothesized that when FMS proficiency is improved, enhanced PA uptake will be found in children with and without disability. It was further hypothesized that improving FMS proficiency will have a greater impact on children with disability than those without disability. Methods： Participants include typically developing （TD） children without disability and children with cerebral palsy （CP）, who were allocated to FMS training groups （CP-FMS n = 12, TD-FMS n = 13） and control groups （CP-C n = 12, TD-C n = 13）. Training groups practiced five FMS （run, jump, kick, throw, catch） in weekly 45-min sessions for 4 weeks. Control groups had their regular physiotherapy （CP） or physical education （TD） sessions. FMS were evaluated using process- and product-oriented measures, and PA was measured using accelerometers, before and after training. Results： It was verified that training groups gained improvements in FMS while control groups did not. No significant changes in weekday PA were found. Increased weekend moderate to vigorous physical activity （MVPA） was found in the CP-FMS group, while decreased weekend sedentary time was found in the CP-FMS and TD-FMS groups. The percentages of participants who exceeded the minimum detectable change （MDC9o） in MVPA and sedentary time were larger in children with CP than in children without disability. Conclusion： The findings suggest that improved FMS proficiency could potentially contribute to heightened PA and decreased sedentary time during weekends for children. Such effect of improved FMS proficiency on PA appears to be greater in those with physical disability than in those without disability. It is recommended that the findings of this pilot study should be further examined in future research.

浅谈舞蹈教学对中小学生身体动觉智能的培养

随着社会发展,对人类智能的检验标准已经不再局限于智商,而是更注重个体在多方面的智能均衡发展。加德纳多元智能理论的提出,为学校教育提出了新的要求。舞蹈艺术作为人类最古老的艺术之一,对人类智能尤其是身体动觉智能的发展起到至关重要的作用。文章着重分析了舞蹈教学对于中小学生在身体动觉智能培养中的重要意义。

Body weight, lifestyle, dietary habits and gastroesophageal reflux disease

While lifestyle modifications are currently used as firstline treatment for subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the pathogenetic role of lifestyle factors and consequently, the efficacy of lifestyle measures is controversial. Our aim was to systematically review the pathogenetic link between overweight/ obesity, dietary habits, physical activity and GERD, and the beneficial effect of specific recommended changes, by means of the available literature from the 1999 to the present. Obesity, in particular, abdominal obesity, plays a key role in determining GERD symptoms and complications through mechanical and metabolic effects. Controlled weight loss (by diet or surgery) is effective in improving GERD symptoms. No definitive data exist regarding the role of diet and, in particular, of specific foods or drinks, in influencing GERD clinical manifestations. Moderate physical activity seems to be beneficial for GERD, while vigorous activity may be dangerous in predisposed individuals. In conclusion, being obese/overweight and GERD-specific symptoms and endoscopic features are related, and weight loss significantly improves GERD clinical-endoscopic manifestations. The role of dietary behavior, mainly in terms of specific dietary components, remains controversial. Mild routine physical activity in association with diet modifications, i.e. a diet rich in fiber and low in fat, is advisable in preventing reflux symptoms.

Effects of small-volume soccer and vibration training on body composition,aerobic fitness,and muscular PCr kinetics for inactive women aged 20-45

Purpose： The present study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of small-volume, small-sided soccer training soccer group （SG, n = 13） and oscillating whole-body vibration training vibration group （VG, n = 17） on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle PCr kinetics in healthy inactive premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group （CO, n = 14）. Methods： Training for SG and VG consisted of twice-weekly 15-min sessions with average heart rates （HRs） of ～ 155 and 90 bpm respectively. Pre- and post-measurements of body composition （DXA）, phosphocreatine （PCr） on- and off-kinetics, and HR measurements during stand- ardised submaximal exercise were performed. Results： After 16 weeks of training in SG, fat percentage was lowered （p = 0.03） by 1.7%±2.4% from 37.5% ± 6.9% to 35.8% ± 6.2% and the PCr decrease in the quadriceps during knee-extension ramp exercise was attenuated （4% ± 8%, p = 0.04）, with no changes in VG or CO （time- group effect： p=0.03 and p = 0.03）. Submaximal exercise HR was also reduced in SG after 16 weeks of training （6%± 5% of HRmax, p = 0.01）. Conclusion： Short duration soccer training for 16 weeks appears to be sufficient to induce favourable changes in body composition and indicators of aerobic fitness and muscle oxidative capacity in untrained premenopausal women.

I Move, Therefore I Am. Neuroscience Meets Process Thinking

In this brief essay, we will argue that modem neuroscience and Whitehead＇s process thinking arrive at rather similar conclusions about the essence of human experiences. Important issues evolving from neuroscientific research, specifying the identity of human beings, are explained as resulting from the development and stepwise changes of highly dynamic neuronal networks. These conclusions appear to fit the （meta）physical concepts developed by Whitehead, who claims that the elucidation of immediate experience, proceeding from objectivity to subjectivity, is the sole justification of our thought. Both lines of thought assume that our bodily experience, emerging from the perception of various bodily organs, is the basis of our existence.

A Breakthrough in the Logical Deduction about the Cognition Theory

The contradiction would produce the power only in the condition that this contradiction stays within a substance. The movement power for the cognition is not produced by the contradiction between people＇s thinking and the objective things, for the thinking and the objective things are not in a same substance, which is Hegel＇s problem. Then, where is the power for people＇s cognition from？ This paper has a conclusion as this： The ＂Ego＂ and the ＂Nonego＂ are a pair of contradiction within a person＇s body. The cognition is a kind of people＇s movement. So, the cognition is the process moved by the power from the ＂Ego＂ and the ＂Nonego＂ of a person＇s body.

Effects of diet and body size on phosphorus utilization of Liza haematocheila T. & S.

A 21-d laboratory experiment was conducted to study, the phosphorus （P） utilization of two different diets by redlip mullet Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S. Sand-filtered water in salinity 30 and temperatare 25℃ was used. Twenty-nine fish individuals were divided into three groups： 11 to group 1 （G1） fed on diet 1, 11 to group 2 （G2） fed on diet 2, and 7 to contrast group. Diet 1 was a commercial feed, more valuable in nutrition than diet 2 that similar to natural detritus. The results show the intake phosphorus （IP） of G1 was significantly higher than that of G2, and both increased linearly with body size at a certain amount of diet. The retention phosphorus （RP） in fish of G1 was lower than G2. The relationship between retention phosphorus and body size was positive and stronger in G2. Significant difference in faecal phosphorus （FP） was found between G1 and G2. Body size significantly impacted the excretion phosphorus （EP） in G1 but G2. The loss of intake phosphorus in G1 was 10.83-20.27 mg per g fish weight gain, higher than that in G2 for 6.63-9.56. Of the phosphorus, about 10% was allocated into growth, 50% in faeces, and the rest lost in excretion. The main part of phosphorus was lost in faeces but excretion. The phosphorus budget of the fish could be described as 100IP = 7.40RP ＋ 47.39FP ＋ 36.63EP （Diet 1） or 100IP = 11.93RP ＋ 56.64FP ＋ 21.76EP （Diet 2）.