A physical model of bulk-nanochannel-bulk with buffer baths is built up using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics （MD） simulation to study the effects of vibrating silicon atoms on the viscosity of aqueous NaCl soluti...A physical model of bulk-nanochannel-bulk with buffer baths is built up using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics （MD） simulation to study the effects of vibrating silicon atoms on the viscosity of aqueous NaCl solutions confined in the nanochannel. The simulation is performed under different moving speeds of the upper wall, different heights and different surface charge densities in the nanochannel. The simulation results indicate that with the increase in the surface charge density and the decrease in the nanochannel height and the shear rate, the vibration effect of silicon atoms on the shear viscosity of the confined fluid in the nanochannel cannot be ignored. Compared with still silicon atoms, the vibrating silicon atoms result in the decrease in the viscosity when the height of the nanochannel is less than 0.8 nm and the shear rate is less than 1.0 ×10^11 s^-1, and the effect of the vibrating silicon atoms on the shear viscosity is significant when the shear rate is small. This is due to the fact that the vibrating silicon atoms weaken the interactions between the counter-ions （Na^＋ ） and the charged surface.展开更多
Gas hydrates are solid inclusion compounds that are composed of a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network of water cages that can trap small gas molecules, such as methane and carbon dioxide. Understanding the rheol...Gas hydrates are solid inclusion compounds that are composed of a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network of water cages that can trap small gas molecules, such as methane and carbon dioxide. Understanding the rheological properties of gas hydrate crystals in solution can he critical in a number of energy applications, including the transportation of natural gas in suhsea and onshore operations, as well as technological applications for gas separation, desalination, or sequestration. A number of exper- imental and modeling studies have been done on hydrate slurry rheology; however, the link between theory and experiment is not well-defined. This article provides a review on the current state of the art of hydrate slurry viscosity measurements from high- and low-pressure rheometer studies and high-pressure flowloops over a range of different sub-cooling （ATsub = TequiI Texp） and fluid conditions, including for water and oil continuous systems. The theoretical models that have been developed to describe the gas hydrate slurry relative viscosity are also reviewed. Perspectives＇ linkage between the experiments and theory is also discussed.展开更多
Direct numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the correlation between the momentum and passive scalar transfer in a turbulent channel flow with Re_(τ)=u_(τ)δ/ν=180 and Pr=0.71,where u_(τ)is the frict...Direct numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the correlation between the momentum and passive scalar transfer in a turbulent channel flow with Re_(τ)=u_(τ)δ/ν=180 and Pr=0.71,where u_(τ)is the friction velocity,δis the channel half width,andνis the kinematic viscosity.The one-point and two-point energy transfer and the corresponding scalar transfer are of particular interest.There is a significant positive correlation between the one-point energy and scalar transfer,particularly near the wall,and the correlation between the two production terms is always larger than that between the other terms.By resorting to the Karman-Howarth-Monin-Hill equation and the scale-by-scale scalar transfer budget equation,we explored the two-point energy and scalar transfer at two different vertical locations(i.e.,one location close to the wall y^(+)=10 and the other location slightly away from the wall y^(+)=60).An inverse interscale transfer phenomenon of the energy and scalar is observed in the spanwise direction at y^(+)=10,which is caused by the corresponding streak stretching,whereas along the streamwise and the vertical directions a forward interscale energy and scalar transfer phenomenon is observed.The physical mechanisms(e.g.,production,dissipation,and viscous diffusion terms)contributing to the two-point energy transfer closely resemble those in the two-point scalar transfer.The intrinsic correlation between both the two-point energy and scalar transfer can find its roots in the similarity between the momentum and scalar streaks.展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China ( 973Program) ( No. 2006CB300404)the National Natural Science Foundationof China ( No. 50875047, 50676019)the Natural Science Foundation ofJiangsu Province ( No. BK2006510, BK2008201)
文摘A physical model of bulk-nanochannel-bulk with buffer baths is built up using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics （MD） simulation to study the effects of vibrating silicon atoms on the viscosity of aqueous NaCl solutions confined in the nanochannel. The simulation is performed under different moving speeds of the upper wall, different heights and different surface charge densities in the nanochannel. The simulation results indicate that with the increase in the surface charge density and the decrease in the nanochannel height and the shear rate, the vibration effect of silicon atoms on the shear viscosity of the confined fluid in the nanochannel cannot be ignored. Compared with still silicon atoms, the vibrating silicon atoms result in the decrease in the viscosity when the height of the nanochannel is less than 0.8 nm and the shear rate is less than 1.0 ×10^11 s^-1, and the effect of the vibrating silicon atoms on the shear viscosity is significant when the shear rate is small. This is due to the fact that the vibrating silicon atoms weaken the interactions between the counter-ions （Na^＋ ） and the charged surface.
文摘Gas hydrates are solid inclusion compounds that are composed of a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network of water cages that can trap small gas molecules, such as methane and carbon dioxide. Understanding the rheological properties of gas hydrate crystals in solution can he critical in a number of energy applications, including the transportation of natural gas in suhsea and onshore operations, as well as technological applications for gas separation, desalination, or sequestration. A number of exper- imental and modeling studies have been done on hydrate slurry rheology; however, the link between theory and experiment is not well-defined. This article provides a review on the current state of the art of hydrate slurry viscosity measurements from high- and low-pressure rheometer studies and high-pressure flowloops over a range of different sub-cooling （ATsub = TequiI Texp） and fluid conditions, including for water and oil continuous systems. The theoretical models that have been developed to describe the gas hydrate slurry relative viscosity are also reviewed. Perspectives＇ linkage between the experiments and theory is also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91952105,11802133 and 12002318)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2019-SZCY-005)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University(Grant No.30918011325).
文摘Direct numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the correlation between the momentum and passive scalar transfer in a turbulent channel flow with Re_(τ)=u_(τ)δ/ν=180 and Pr=0.71,where u_(τ)is the friction velocity,δis the channel half width,andνis the kinematic viscosity.The one-point and two-point energy transfer and the corresponding scalar transfer are of particular interest.There is a significant positive correlation between the one-point energy and scalar transfer,particularly near the wall,and the correlation between the two production terms is always larger than that between the other terms.By resorting to the Karman-Howarth-Monin-Hill equation and the scale-by-scale scalar transfer budget equation,we explored the two-point energy and scalar transfer at two different vertical locations(i.e.,one location close to the wall y^(+)=10 and the other location slightly away from the wall y^(+)=60).An inverse interscale transfer phenomenon of the energy and scalar is observed in the spanwise direction at y^(+)=10,which is caused by the corresponding streak stretching,whereas along the streamwise and the vertical directions a forward interscale energy and scalar transfer phenomenon is observed.The physical mechanisms(e.g.,production,dissipation,and viscous diffusion terms)contributing to the two-point energy transfer closely resemble those in the two-point scalar transfer.The intrinsic correlation between both the two-point energy and scalar transfer can find its roots in the similarity between the momentum and scalar streaks.
