全球经济失衡背景下中国国际收支双顺差分析——经常账户失衡分析

我国国际收支双顺差已经持续了10多年,其中的大部分来自于经常项目的顺差。这种双顺差的情况由诸多原因促成,但根本上还是全球经济的失衡。一直以来,由于处在微笑曲线的最底部,我国的劳动密集性产业的对外贸易,尤其是加工贸易,在很大程度上增加了经常项目余额。另外,还有一直以来的财政政策、税收政策、利率政策和汇率政策等的导向作用以及陈旧的经济发展观念,都促使我国在经常项目巨额顺差的道路上越走越远。虽然2009年爆发的金融危机在一定程度上压制了经常项目的继续增长,但这只是再次证明全球经济失衡对我国顺差额的影响。至于未来该如何应对双顺差,特别是经常项目顺差,应该更多地着手于内部的经济调整和政策修改,再适当的加之以外部合作。

Industrial Spatial Agglomeration Using Distance-based Approach in Beijing, China

To study the difference of industrial location among different industries, this article is to test the spatial agglomeration across industries and firm sizes at the city level. Our research bases on a unique plant-level data set of Beijing and employs a distance-based approach, which considers space as continuous. Unlike previous studies, we set two sets of references for service and manufacturing industries respectively to adapt to the investigation in the intra-urban area. Comparing among eight types of industries and different firm sizes, we find that： 1） producer service, high-tech industries and labor-intensive manufacturing industries are more likely to cluster, whereas personal service and capital-intensive industries tend to be randomly dispersed in Beijing; 2） the spillover of the co-location of finns is more important to knowledge-intensive industries and has more significant impact on their allocation than business-oriented services in the intra-urban area; 3） the spatial agglomeration of service industries are driven by larger establishments, whereas manufac- turing industries are mixed.

Spatial-temporal Heterogeneity of Industrial Structure Transformation and Carbon Emission Effects in Xuzhou Metropolitan Area

Employing decoupling index and industrial structure characteristic bias index methods, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of industrial structure transformations and their resulting carbon emissions in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2014, with a focus on their relationships and driving factors. Our research indicates that carbon emission intensity from industrial structures in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area at first showed an increasing trend, which then decreased. Furthermore, the relationship between emissions and industrial economic growth has been trending toward absolute decoupling. From the perspective of the center-periphery, the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area formed a concentric pattern, where both progress towards low emissions and the level of technological advancement gradually diminished from the center to the periphery. In terms of variation across provinces, the ISCB index in the eastern Henan has decreased the slowest, followed by the southern Shandong and the northern Anhui, with the northern Jiangsu ranking last. During this period, resource-and labor-intensive industries were the primary growth industries in the northern Anhui and the eastern Henan, while labor-intensive industries dominated the southern Shandong and capital-intensive industries dominated the northern Jiangsu. In terms of city types, the spatial pattern for industrial structure indicates that recession resource-based cities had higher carbon emission intensities than mature resource-based cities, followed by non-resource-based cities and regenerative resource-based cities. Generally, the industrial structure in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area has transformed from being resource-intensive to capital-intensive, and has been trending toward technology-intensive as resource availability has been exploited to exhaustion and then been regenerated. Industrial structure has been the leading factor causing heterogeneity of carbon emission intensities between metropolitan cities. Therefore, the key to optimizing the industrial structure and layout of metropolitan areas is to promote industrial structure transformation and improve the system controlling collaborative industrial development between cities.