对高校图书馆勤工俭学管理工作的思考

勤工俭学管理工作是高校图书馆、工作的重要组成部分。如何正确认识和做好这项工作，从而推动高校学生个人培养、促进高校图书馆工作开展和高校和谐建设，是一个十分重要的现实问题。本文对高校图书馆勘工俭学性质、管理工作及其实现途径等问题进行了探讨。

Extrapolate well logs based on the constrained interpolation algorithm

Based on a detailed analysis of differences between seismic data and well logs, we discuss the problem of matching seismic traces and well logs and present a new matching method based on event search in instantaneous phase which greatly improves seismic resolution. The method is based on flattening events in instantaneous phase to compare the seismic traces to the well log traces with the same phase. We calculate the coefficients using the singular value decomposition method to extrapolate the well logs. As a result, the events in the seismic profile are continuous and match well with well logs. We apply this method to the Mao-2 well in Daqing Oilfield with good results.

《续修四库全书总目提要》举正

作者对1997年由齐鲁书社影印出版的《续修四库全书总目提要》一书著录中出现的重复、讹误、抵牾等错误进行了考订、举正,择其检核使用该书时所得,凡16则。

Contentious Petroleum Geochemical Issues in China’s Sedimentary Basins

Petroleum geochemistry contributes to exploration successes by providing key constraints for geological models and critical input to exploration scenarios. One of the most important tasks in a typical exploration program is to identify the most effective source intervals or kitchens in a basin, through oil-source correlation. The results of correlation are valid only if the geochemical parameters used address adequately the genetic characteristics of the source rocks as well as the mass transport and mixing processes of hydrocarbon fluids occurring in the carrier beds and reservoirs. This manuscript discusses four of the major contentious petroleum geochemical issues in China’s sedimentary basins. It is suggested that marine incursions played a significant role in the formation of prolific petroleum source rocks in the gigantic, dominantly freshwater, Songliao Basin. Several models are proposed to account for the occurrence of immature oils in the Cathaysian rift system including the Bohai Bay Basin, thus immature source rocks are considered a mere minor contributor to the known economic immature oil resources. Both geological and geochemical evidence are reviewed to refute a dominantly coaly source for the petroleum discovered in the Turpan Basin. Results of case studies are presented to demonstrate the importance of recognizing petroleum fluid mixing to solve the oil-source correlation issues in the structurally complex Tarim Basin. In addressing the fundamental assumptions and potential flaws of the molecular geochemical parameters commonly used for oil-source correlation, the need of a mass fraction approach is proposed to deal with such contentious issues as marine versus lacustrine, coal versus lacustrine, and mature versus immature oils.

Research on 3D Distribution of Meandering River Sand Body Using Sedimentary Facies Method and 3D Geological Modeling

Sedimentary facies study is an important method in describing the property and distribution of reservoir. 3D geological modeling is a powerful tool in 3D characterization of geological bodies. By combining the sedimentary facies study with 3D geological modeling to generate 3D sedimentary facies model, the 3D geometry and distribution feature of sand bodies can be more accurately characterized, particularly in 3D view. In Liuchu oilfield of Jizhong depression, the Ed2IV formation was recognized as meandering river deposition facies and five sedimentary facies were identified, which include point bar sand, levee, channel margin, abandoned channel and floodplain. All the 24 sand body facies in Ed2IV were mapped and the 3D sedimentary facies model established based on 2D facies maps. The result shows that the 3D sedimentary facies model is well matched for the research result of sedimentary facies. Being an extension of traditional sedimentary study, the 3D sedimentary facies model can be used to describe the 3D geometry and distribution orders of a single sand body more reliably and more accurately.

Shallow geophysical investigations at the Akhmim archaeological site,Suhag,Egypt

Ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic terrain conductivity, and electric tomography have proven to be effective tools if they are combined together to investigate archeological sites. We have conducted a geophysical survey at the Akhmim archaeological site, the main objective of our survey is to locate additional buried structures for further excavation. Geophysical data were acquired in the area using the GEM-300 multi-frequency terrain conductivity profiler, the SIR 2000 ground penetrating radar, and the Syscal R2 resistivity meter systems. The results of the integrated interpretation show a number of buried features and a strong linear zone about 1 m wide that coincides with the suspected trend of a buried wall. There appears to be two parallel ridges of strong reflections on either side, indicating two parallel walls extended East-West and a room is identified at the bottom left comer of the site. Moreover, the interpretation results of some selected GPR and dipoledipole resistivity profiles adjacent to the open-air museum suggest the existence of a second statue of Ramses Ⅱ to the right of the previously discovered statue which could still be buried in the sand.

ON TECTONIC PROBLEMS OF THE OKINAWA TROUGH

The Okinawa Trough is a very active tectonic zone at the margin of the Northwest Pacific and is typical of back arc rifting at the young stage of tectonic evolution. Many scientists from Japan, China, Germany, France, the U.S.A. and Russia have done a lot of geologic and geophysical investigations there. It is well known that the Okinawa Trough is an active back arc rift with extremely high heat flow, very strong hydrothermal circulation, strong volcanic and magmatic activity, frequent earthquakes, rapid subsidence and rifting, well developed fault and central graben. But up to now, there are still some important tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough that require clarification on some aspects such as the type of its crust, its forming time, its tectonic evolution, the distribution of its central grabens, the relationship between its high heat flow and tectonic activity. Based on the data obtained from seismic survey, geomagnetic and gravity measurements, submarine sampling and heat flow measurements in the last 15 years, the author discusses the following tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough: (1) If the Okinawa Trough develops oceanic crust or not. (2) Is the South Okinawa Trough tectonically more active than the North Okinawa Trough with shallower water and few investigation data on it. (3) The formation time of the Okinawa Trough and its tectonic evolution. The Okinawa Trough has a very thin continental crust. Up to now, there is no evidence of oceanic crust in the Okinawa Trough. The North, Middle and South Okinawa Trough are all very strongly active areas. From 6 Ma B.P., the Okinawa Trough began to form. Since 2 Ma, the Okinawa Trough has been very active.

The Application of the Acoustic Method to the Exploration of Urban Active Faults and a Comparison with the Artificial Earthquake, and Radar Methods

The depth of upper fault point is the key data for ascertaining the active age of a buried fault on a plain. The difference of depth obtained from same fault may be dozens to several hundred meters when using different geophysical methods. It can result in the absolutely opposite conclusions when judging fault activity. Because of a lack of an artificial earthquake source with wide band and high central frequency, many kinds of methods have to be used together. The higher the frequency of the artificial earthquake wave, electromagnetic wave and sonic wave, the higher the resolution. However the attenuation is also very fast and the exploration depth is very shallow. The reverse is also true. The frequency of artificial seismic waves is in the tens of Hz. Its exploration depth is big and the resolution is poor. The frequency of radar electromagnetic waves is about a million Hz, indicating that the resolving power is better, but the exploration depth is very shallow. However, the acoustic frequency is thousands of Hz, its resolving power is better than that of the artificial earthquake method and the exploration depth is larger than that of the radar method. So it is suitable for extra shallow exploration in the thick deposit strata of the Quaternary. The preliminary results detected using the high frequency acoustic method in extra shallow layers indicates that previous inferences about some fault activity in the eastern part of the North China plain may need to be greatly corrected.

Shallow Water Body Data Processing Based on the Seismic Oceanography

Physical properties of sea water,such as salinity,temperature,density and acoustic velocity,could be demarcated through degradation of energy caused by water absorption,attenuation and other factors.To overcome the challenging difficulties in the quick monitoring of these physical properties,we have explored the high resolution marine seismic survey to instantly characterize them.Based on the unique wavefield propagating in the sea water,we have developed a new approach to suppress the noise caused by the shallow sea water disturbance and obtain useful information for estimating the sea water structure.This approach improves seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The seismic reflection imaging can map the sea water structure acoustically.Combined with the knowledge of local water body structure profile over years,the instant model for predicting the sea water properties could be built using the seismic data acquired from the specially designed high precision marine seismic acquisition.This model can also be updated with instant observation and the complete data processing system.The present study has the potential value to many applications,such as 3D sea water monitoring,engineering evaluation,geological disaster assessment and environmental assessment.

藏族"萨协"(Sa Dpyad)文化的起源及其结构研究

本文首先探讨了藏族“萨协”(Sa Dpyad)文化的起源及发展历程,进而详细分析了这一文化现象的主体结构以及各个成分之间的内在关联。最后,从三个不同的研究视角阐明了这一文化现象的学术价值,解析了其现实意义。

APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE SPLINE FUNCTIONS TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN COAL GEOLOGY

A surface spline function is used to fit a coal seam surface in structural anal ysis in coal geology. From the surface spline function, the first and second partial derivatives can also be derived and used to structural analysis, especially for recogni tion of the concealed structures. The detection of structures related to faulting is em phasized.

Study on Buried Faults in the Weifang Urban Area

Buried faults in Weifang city and surrounding areas are studied with geophysical surveys such as shallow seismic survey and electrical exploration, and verified with engineering drilling. Six main faults are detected including the Yishul-Tangtou fault, Tangwu-Gegou fault, Hanting fault and Weixian fault, etc. The latest active age is determined by OSL, TL and ESR dating techniques. No active fault has been found so far in the Weifang urban area. Our results provide a scientific basis for land use and urban planning.

Research on sustainable exploration of the geothermal water in Xiaoquan area

On the basis of discussion about hydro-geologic condition of geothermal water in Xiaoquan area, Chongqing, a three-dimensional mathematical model was established. The Modflow(a modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model) software was adopted to simulate the geothermal water, and quantificational study on sustainable exploration of the geothermal water in Xiaoquan area was carried out. Firstly, a mathe- matical model was set up. Then, the geothermal water was simulated by Modflow software, and the mathematical model was identified. The simulative water level was compared with the actual water level and the mathematical model was calibrated. The feasibility of appli- cation of this mathematical model to studying underground geothermal water was proved that the simulative water level is approximated to actual one, and a right mathematical model was obtained. This mathematical model was used to simulate geothermal water under different exploitation conditions, at last the yields of sustainable exploitation includ- ing the maximum yield and the optimal yield were determined.

Time exposure acoustics in seismic exploration

An analysis of a passive seismic method for subsurface imaging is presented in which ambient seismic noise is employed as the source of illumination of subsurface scatterers. The imaging algorithm can incorporate new data into the image in a recursive fashion which causes image background noise to diminish over time. Under the assumption of spatially-incoherent ambient noise, an analytical expression for the point-spread function of the imaging algorithm is derived. The point-spread function （PSF） characterizes the resolution of the image, which is a function of the receiving array length and the ambient bandwidth.

Marine Active Fault Exploration and Paleoearthquake Research

Marine active fault exploration and paleoearthquake research are still a gap in China. The paper gives a review on major research methods and new progress made abroad, including submarine survey boat, seismic reflection and acoustic reflection. Through detailed studies of offset history of 10 ka to 30 ka, it is possible to determine paleoearthquake recurrent intervals and elapsed time since last major earthquake. It is suggested that active fault exploration can be carried out by acoustic exploring method in large earthquake region of Bohai Sea. Paleoearthquake activity history can be revealed and earthquake risk in the future can be predicted.

Geotechnogenesis problems

Geotechgjgensis is mineralogical geochemical transformation of minerals, rocks, and ores as consequence of impact on them in the process of performing geological-exploration and irrigation works, extracting and processing mineral resources, constructing transport, civil and military objects. These effects lead to discontinuity and moving different scale fragments of upper part of lithospere and conjugate hydro-and biosphere zones. Discontinuity predttermines the disturbance of matural systems dynamic equilibriu and acceleration ofmftter transformation and migration processes. The final aim of studying geotechnogenesis minseralogy and geochemistry is the establishment of scientific foundations for developing ecological safety measures including also utilization fo geotechnogene deposits.

Magnetic Signature of the Kusi Mineral Prospect, Papua New Guinea

A ground magnetic survey was conducted on the Kusi mineral prospect, Papua New Guinea, to provide insights into the magnetic properties of the mineralisation and help define drill targets for an exploration programme. The results of the survey suggest three distinct magnetic zones： （1） a magnetic high zone covering the northern portion of the survey area; （2） a northeast-southwest trending magnetic low zone occupying the southern portion and （3） a possible buried intrusive body separating the magnetic high from the low magnetic zone. The results of the survey suggest that drilling is concentrated on the zone of low magnetic response, and the periphery of the interpreted intrusion is adjacent to the contact to the limestone defining the mineralisation style of the two zones. A further ground magnetic survey is required to determine the western limits of the low magnetic zone.

Research on the Evaluation of Marine Environmental Quality by Using the GIS Technology

Based on the biological resources surveys in China’s exclusive economic zone, the paper discusses the application of the GIS technology in evaluating the marine environmental quality, establishes the basic concept and technological process for evaluating the environmental quality of the habitats of marine living resources, proposes the key points for the establishment of the relevant evaluation attributes database by applying the GIS technology and analyses several typical evaluation models and the data interpolation method for the model in GIS. Results show that the combination of the GIS technology with the quantitative evaluation model can be applied to the fast and accurate evaluation of the marine environmental quality.

Exploration of the Facilitative Effects of Music Acquiring Device on Language Acquisition

Music Acquiring Device （or MAD, for short） is proposed to identify the origin and acquisition of human language, and is regarded as preceded Chomsky＇s LAD （Language Acquisition Device）. This paper tries to find the answers to two questions. Firstly, what are the main similarities between music and language？ Secondly, in what aspects can music facilitate language similarities （sound, rhythm, and acquisiti structure on？ By literature reviewing, comparison and contrast, three main ） between music and language are discussed, and then three facilitative effects of MAD on language acquisition are illustrated. They are： （1） MAD lays a foundation for language pronunciation acquisition; （2） MAD accelerates the mastery of language rhythm; and （3） MAD promotes language syntax acquisition. This paper will help teachers who like to use music-assistant language teaching method understand more about the positive effects of music on language teaching and acquisition.

The Pre-processing Parallel Algorithm of A Sparse Linear Equation Group

The solution of linear equation group can be applied to the oil exploration, the structure vibration analysis, the computational fluid dynamics, and other fields. When we make the in-depth analysis of some large or very large complicated structures, we must use the parallel algorithm with the aid of high-performance computers to solve complex problems. This paper introduces the implementation process having the parallel with sparse linear equations from the perspective of sparse linear equation group.