In this study,PCR product amplified with a RAPD marker A10555 which is linked to gene controlling creeping habit of ground-cover chrysanthemum（Dendranthema grandiflorum） was recovered,and subsequently subcloned and ...In this study,PCR product amplified with a RAPD marker A10555 which is linked to gene controlling creeping habit of ground-cover chrysanthemum（Dendranthema grandiflorum） was recovered,and subsequently subcloned and sequenced. A pair of 18-base specific primers was designed based on the obtained sequence.The validity of this SCAR marker was verified by screening parents and 152 individuals of the F1 progeny,and the consistence in the locus of the special band and the number of recombinants was observed between SCAR analysis and RAPD analysis. The size of this SCAR marker was 555 bp,which was designated as SCA10555. The results demonstrated that the RAPD marker was converted to SCAR marker successfully. This study provides bases for new cultivars developing,molecular markers assisted breeding and creeping habit related genes cloning of the ground-cover chrysanthemum.展开更多
Architectural plasticity of clonal plants may enhance exploitation of soil moisture heterogeneity by the plants. The plasticity of clonal architecture in response to soil moisture in the stoloniferous herb, Duchesne...Architectural plasticity of clonal plants may enhance exploitation of soil moisture heterogeneity by the plants. The plasticity of clonal architecture in response to soil moisture in the stoloniferous herb, Duchesnea indica Focke, was investigated in an experiment with different soil moisture contents as treatments, i.e. 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of the maximum moisture content of soil (MMCS). As soil moisture content increased, the spacer length, ramet density, branching intensity and branching angle of D. indica plants changed by quadratic curve. And the optimum habitat for the plants was at 80% of the MMCS. This architectural plasticity in D. indica was simulated through the Dynamic Logistic Model. The imitative effect was statistically satisfactory. Its architectural plasticity observed here may allow the species to show foraging behavior in its habitat where soil moisture is patchily distributed.展开更多
Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, a...Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. The strategies by which clonal plants adapt to this type of heterogeneous environment were examined in three stoloniferous herbs,Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., P. anserina L. and Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.) Qvcz., commonly inhabiting forest understories, grasslands and low saline meadows, respectively. As pairs of connected ramets were subjected to reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrients, stolon connection between the two ramets significantly enhanced biomass of both ramet growing in low light intensity but high soil nutrient condition (LH ramet) and ramet growing in high light intensity but low soil nutrient condition (HL ramet) as well as whole ramet pairs (consisting of LH ramets and HL ramets). Additionally, stolon connection greatly increased root/shoot ratio of LH ramet while significantly decreased that of HL ramet. The results indicate that a reciprocal transportation of resources between interconnected ramets and a functional specialization of ramets in uptake of abundant resources occurred. By resource sharing and functional specialization, clonal plants can efficiently acquire locally abundant resources and buffer the stress caused by reciprocal patchiness of resources.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traffic stress on the physiological characteristics of Agrostis stolonifera under high temperature and humidity in summer. [Method] Total 3 creeping bentgrass...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traffic stress on the physiological characteristics of Agrostis stolonifera under high temperature and humidity in summer. [Method] Total 3 creeping bentgrass varieties （lines） were se- lected as materials, and their physiological characteristics were determined and ana- lyzed, including leaf relative water content, relative plasma membrane permeability, peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, catalase activity, proline content and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. [Result] Under the traffic stress, the leaf relative water content, relative plasma membrane permeability, MDA content, proline content and protection enzymes activities showed significant differences among different traffic intensities and tested varieties （P〈0.05）. The variations of various physiological indexes of Yuexuan 1 were smallest, and it showed relatively strong traffic tolerance. [Conclusion] Considering the traffic tolerance, the 3 tested creeping bentgrass varieties ranked as Yuexuan 1〉New Strain No.2〉Penncross.展开更多
Sustainable forage production is one of the most important factors in livestock production system. Smallholder livestock production system is a part of agricultural practice in Indonesia. Limited land owned by farmers...Sustainable forage production is one of the most important factors in livestock production system. Smallholder livestock production system is a part of agricultural practice in Indonesia. Limited land owned by farmers was dominantly cultivated for food crops, and very small part of it used for cultivating forage plants. This leads to restriction of smallholder livestock development, because no more land available for forage production. Integrated forage production system by planting forage plants and food crops or trees in the same area becomes a considerable cropping system that widely practiced by the farmers in Indonesia. Some grasses and legumes have morphological advantages overcoming growth condition under shading. These growth characteristics are benefit in designing compatible system components for enhanced productivity in tree-pasture systems. Four potential shade-tolerant creeping forages that were combined with 2 levels of nitrogen application were tested using factorial completely randomized design 3 replicates. The first factor was species of creeping forages （stoloniferous）： BH = Brachiaria humidicola, PN = Paspalum notatum, AC - Axonopus compressus and, AP = Arachis pintoi. The second factor was nitrogen （urea） fertilizer： A = without N fertilizer and B = with N fertilizer （300 kg Urea/ha）. The observations included the growth rates of plant length, plant length, number of leaves, herbages yield （shoot）, root dry weight, senescence, total N-shoot, N-soil and N-uptake. The results showed that growth characteristics and productivity of creeping forage plants was significantly differed by the species. Most species showed an increase in growth trend, except P. notatum. A. compressus significantly showed as the best performance species compared to other, in terms of growth rates, plant length, number of leaves, herbage yield （shoot） and root dry weight, N-uptake and N-shoot. This was lbllowed by B. humidicola, P. notatum, and A. pintoi. Based on previous study, A. compressus found as one of the native species in most tree system. It indicated its superior growth compared to other species tested. However, it is needed further research to observe the compatibility of each species in tree-pasture systems.展开更多
文摘In this study,PCR product amplified with a RAPD marker A10555 which is linked to gene controlling creeping habit of ground-cover chrysanthemum（Dendranthema grandiflorum） was recovered,and subsequently subcloned and sequenced. A pair of 18-base specific primers was designed based on the obtained sequence.The validity of this SCAR marker was verified by screening parents and 152 individuals of the F1 progeny,and the consistence in the locus of the special band and the number of recombinants was observed between SCAR analysis and RAPD analysis. The size of this SCAR marker was 555 bp,which was designated as SCA10555. The results demonstrated that the RAPD marker was converted to SCAR marker successfully. This study provides bases for new cultivars developing,molecular markers assisted breeding and creeping habit related genes cloning of the ground-cover chrysanthemum.
文摘Architectural plasticity of clonal plants may enhance exploitation of soil moisture heterogeneity by the plants. The plasticity of clonal architecture in response to soil moisture in the stoloniferous herb, Duchesnea indica Focke, was investigated in an experiment with different soil moisture contents as treatments, i.e. 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of the maximum moisture content of soil (MMCS). As soil moisture content increased, the spacer length, ramet density, branching intensity and branching angle of D. indica plants changed by quadratic curve. And the optimum habitat for the plants was at 80% of the MMCS. This architectural plasticity in D. indica was simulated through the Dynamic Logistic Model. The imitative effect was statistically satisfactory. Its architectural plasticity observed here may allow the species to show foraging behavior in its habitat where soil moisture is patchily distributed.
文摘Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. The strategies by which clonal plants adapt to this type of heterogeneous environment were examined in three stoloniferous herbs,Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., P. anserina L. and Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.) Qvcz., commonly inhabiting forest understories, grasslands and low saline meadows, respectively. As pairs of connected ramets were subjected to reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrients, stolon connection between the two ramets significantly enhanced biomass of both ramet growing in low light intensity but high soil nutrient condition (LH ramet) and ramet growing in high light intensity but low soil nutrient condition (HL ramet) as well as whole ramet pairs (consisting of LH ramets and HL ramets). Additionally, stolon connection greatly increased root/shoot ratio of LH ramet while significantly decreased that of HL ramet. The results indicate that a reciprocal transportation of resources between interconnected ramets and a functional specialization of ramets in uptake of abundant resources occurred. By resource sharing and functional specialization, clonal plants can efficiently acquire locally abundant resources and buffer the stress caused by reciprocal patchiness of resources.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of traffic stress on the physiological characteristics of Agrostis stolonifera under high temperature and humidity in summer. [Method] Total 3 creeping bentgrass varieties （lines） were se- lected as materials, and their physiological characteristics were determined and ana- lyzed, including leaf relative water content, relative plasma membrane permeability, peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, catalase activity, proline content and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. [Result] Under the traffic stress, the leaf relative water content, relative plasma membrane permeability, MDA content, proline content and protection enzymes activities showed significant differences among different traffic intensities and tested varieties （P〈0.05）. The variations of various physiological indexes of Yuexuan 1 were smallest, and it showed relatively strong traffic tolerance. [Conclusion] Considering the traffic tolerance, the 3 tested creeping bentgrass varieties ranked as Yuexuan 1〉New Strain No.2〉Penncross.
文摘Sustainable forage production is one of the most important factors in livestock production system. Smallholder livestock production system is a part of agricultural practice in Indonesia. Limited land owned by farmers was dominantly cultivated for food crops, and very small part of it used for cultivating forage plants. This leads to restriction of smallholder livestock development, because no more land available for forage production. Integrated forage production system by planting forage plants and food crops or trees in the same area becomes a considerable cropping system that widely practiced by the farmers in Indonesia. Some grasses and legumes have morphological advantages overcoming growth condition under shading. These growth characteristics are benefit in designing compatible system components for enhanced productivity in tree-pasture systems. Four potential shade-tolerant creeping forages that were combined with 2 levels of nitrogen application were tested using factorial completely randomized design 3 replicates. The first factor was species of creeping forages （stoloniferous）： BH = Brachiaria humidicola, PN = Paspalum notatum, AC - Axonopus compressus and, AP = Arachis pintoi. The second factor was nitrogen （urea） fertilizer： A = without N fertilizer and B = with N fertilizer （300 kg Urea/ha）. The observations included the growth rates of plant length, plant length, number of leaves, herbages yield （shoot）, root dry weight, senescence, total N-shoot, N-soil and N-uptake. The results showed that growth characteristics and productivity of creeping forage plants was significantly differed by the species. Most species showed an increase in growth trend, except P. notatum. A. compressus significantly showed as the best performance species compared to other, in terms of growth rates, plant length, number of leaves, herbage yield （shoot） and root dry weight, N-uptake and N-shoot. This was lbllowed by B. humidicola, P. notatum, and A. pintoi. Based on previous study, A. compressus found as one of the native species in most tree system. It indicated its superior growth compared to other species tested. However, it is needed further research to observe the compatibility of each species in tree-pasture systems.
