AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ul...AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. METHODS： Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by various noxious chemicals including 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCI and indomethacin. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using pylorusligated Shay rat technique. Levels of gastric non-protein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and wall mucus were estimated and gastric tissue was also examined histologically. Anise aqueous suspension was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： Anise significantly inhibited gastric mu- cosal damage induced by necrotizing agents and indomethacin. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, anise suspension significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration. On the other hand, the suspension significantly replenished ethanol-induced depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration. CONCLUSION： Anise aqueous suspension possesses significant cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activities against experimentallynduced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect of anise is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/orthrough its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties.展开更多
Excessive alcohol consumption leads to liver disease. Extensive evidence suggests that C-phycocyanin(C-PC), a chromophore phycocyanobilin derived from Spirulina platensis, exerts protective eff ects against chemical-i...Excessive alcohol consumption leads to liver disease. Extensive evidence suggests that C-phycocyanin(C-PC), a chromophore phycocyanobilin derived from Spirulina platensis, exerts protective eff ects against chemical-induced organ damage. In this study, we investigated whether C-PC could protect against ethanol-induced acute liver injury. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(CHOL), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), liver homogenate malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) content were measured, and pathological examination of liver sections were examined. C-PC showed obvious inhibitory eff ects on serum ALT, AST, TG, CHOL, LDL and MDA, and SOD content significantly increased in the liver. The structure of hepatic lobules was clear, liver sinus returned to normal, and liver cell cords were arranged in neat rows. Cloudiness, swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration and spotty necrosis of liver cells were significantly reduced. Therefore, C-PC can significantly protect against ethanol-induced acute liver injury.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate immunological protection of nitric ox- ide （NO） in hepatopulmonary syndrome and probable mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion （IR） injury in rat liver transplantation, METHODS： Sixty-six healthy m...AIM： To evaluate immunological protection of nitric ox- ide （NO） in hepatopulmonary syndrome and probable mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion （IR） injury in rat liver transplantation, METHODS： Sixty-six healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups （11 donor/recipi-ent pairs）. In group 11, organ preservation solution was lactated Ringer＇s solution with heparin 10 000/μL at 4℃. In groups I and 111, the pLeservation solution added, respectively, L-arginine or Ng-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） （1 mmol/L） based on group 11, and recipients were injected with L-arginine or L-NAME （50 mg/kg） in the anhepatic phase. Grafted livers in each group were stored for 6 h and implanted into recipi- ents. Five rats were used for observation of postopera- tive survival in each group. The other six rats in each group were used to obtain tissue samples, and execut- ed at 3 h and 24 h after transplantation. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-a and NO metabolites （NOx） were detected, and expression of NO synthase, TNF-α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM-1） was examined by tri- phosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： By supplementing L-arginine to strengthen the NO pathway, a high survival rate was achieved and hepatic function was improved. One-week sur- viral rate of grafted liver recipients in group I was significantly increased （28.8 4±36.6 d ys 4 4±1.7 d, P 〈 0.01） as compared with groups 11 and Ill. Serum levels of ALT in group ] were 2-7 times less than those in groups 11 and 11I （P 〈 0.01）. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） levels in liver tissue and NOx in group I were 3-4 times higher than those of group 11 after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion, while in group ]]], they were significantly reduced as compared with those in group ]1 （P 〈 0.01）. The levels of TNF-（z in group I were significantly lower than in group Ⅱ after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion （P 〈 0.01）, while being sig- nificantly higher in group Ⅲ than group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.01）. Histopathology revealed more severe tissue damage in graft liver and lung tissues, and a more severe in- flammatory response of the recipient after using NO synthase inhibitor, while the pathological damage to grafted liver and the recipient＇s lung tissues was signifi-cantly reduced in group I after 3 h and 24 h reperfu- sion. A small amount of constitutive NO synthase （cNOS） was expressed in liver endothelial cells after 6 h cold storage, but there was no expression of inducible NO synthase （iNOS）. Expression of cNOS was particularly significant in vascular endothelial cells and liver cells at 3 h and 24 h after reperfusion in group Ⅱ but expres- sion of iNOS and ICAM-1 was low in group I. There was diffuse strong expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in group Ⅱ at 3 h after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： The NO/cGMP pathway may be critical in successful organ transplantation, especially in treat- ing hepatopulmonary syndrome during cold IR injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation.展开更多
基金Supported by King AbdulAziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Spices Project No. AR1637
文摘AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. METHODS： Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by various noxious chemicals including 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCI and indomethacin. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using pylorusligated Shay rat technique. Levels of gastric non-protein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and wall mucus were estimated and gastric tissue was also examined histologically. Anise aqueous suspension was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： Anise significantly inhibited gastric mu- cosal damage induced by necrotizing agents and indomethacin. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, anise suspension significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration. On the other hand, the suspension significantly replenished ethanol-induced depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration. CONCLUSION： Anise aqueous suspension possesses significant cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activities against experimentallynduced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect of anise is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/orthrough its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties.
基金Supported by the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector(No.201205027)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province
文摘Excessive alcohol consumption leads to liver disease. Extensive evidence suggests that C-phycocyanin(C-PC), a chromophore phycocyanobilin derived from Spirulina platensis, exerts protective eff ects against chemical-induced organ damage. In this study, we investigated whether C-PC could protect against ethanol-induced acute liver injury. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(CHOL), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), liver homogenate malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) content were measured, and pathological examination of liver sections were examined. C-PC showed obvious inhibitory eff ects on serum ALT, AST, TG, CHOL, LDL and MDA, and SOD content significantly increased in the liver. The structure of hepatic lobules was clear, liver sinus returned to normal, and liver cell cords were arranged in neat rows. Cloudiness, swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration and spotty necrosis of liver cells were significantly reduced. Therefore, C-PC can significantly protect against ethanol-induced acute liver injury.
文摘AIM： To evaluate immunological protection of nitric ox- ide （NO） in hepatopulmonary syndrome and probable mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion （IR） injury in rat liver transplantation, METHODS： Sixty-six healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups （11 donor/recipi-ent pairs）. In group 11, organ preservation solution was lactated Ringer＇s solution with heparin 10 000/μL at 4℃. In groups I and 111, the pLeservation solution added, respectively, L-arginine or Ng-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） （1 mmol/L） based on group 11, and recipients were injected with L-arginine or L-NAME （50 mg/kg） in the anhepatic phase. Grafted livers in each group were stored for 6 h and implanted into recipi- ents. Five rats were used for observation of postopera- tive survival in each group. The other six rats in each group were used to obtain tissue samples, and execut- ed at 3 h and 24 h after transplantation. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-a and NO metabolites （NOx） were detected, and expression of NO synthase, TNF-α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM-1） was examined by tri- phosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： By supplementing L-arginine to strengthen the NO pathway, a high survival rate was achieved and hepatic function was improved. One-week sur- viral rate of grafted liver recipients in group I was significantly increased （28.8 4±36.6 d ys 4 4±1.7 d, P 〈 0.01） as compared with groups 11 and Ill. Serum levels of ALT in group ] were 2-7 times less than those in groups 11 and 11I （P 〈 0.01）. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） levels in liver tissue and NOx in group I were 3-4 times higher than those of group 11 after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion, while in group ]]], they were significantly reduced as compared with those in group ]1 （P 〈 0.01）. The levels of TNF-（z in group I were significantly lower than in group Ⅱ after 3 h and 24 h reperfusion （P 〈 0.01）, while being sig- nificantly higher in group Ⅲ than group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.01）. Histopathology revealed more severe tissue damage in graft liver and lung tissues, and a more severe in- flammatory response of the recipient after using NO synthase inhibitor, while the pathological damage to grafted liver and the recipient＇s lung tissues was signifi-cantly reduced in group I after 3 h and 24 h reperfu- sion. A small amount of constitutive NO synthase （cNOS） was expressed in liver endothelial cells after 6 h cold storage, but there was no expression of inducible NO synthase （iNOS）. Expression of cNOS was particularly significant in vascular endothelial cells and liver cells at 3 h and 24 h after reperfusion in group Ⅱ but expres- sion of iNOS and ICAM-1 was low in group I. There was diffuse strong expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in group Ⅱ at 3 h after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： The NO/cGMP pathway may be critical in successful organ transplantation, especially in treat- ing hepatopulmonary syndrome during cold IR injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation.
