红外光谱法鉴别医用脱脂棉及纱布中的化学合成纤维

目的:建立红外光谱法对医用脱脂棉、纱布中非法添加的化学合成纤维进行快速鉴别。方法:采用傅里叶变换衰减全反射(attenuated total reflection,ATR)红外光谱法,取表面清洁平整的样品,将其压紧在ATR附件晶体上,直接绘制光谱,与对照品图谱进行比对,鉴别样品中纤维的类别。结果:检测的30批医用脱脂棉及30批医用纱布中,有26%的医用脱脂棉发现少量的孤立外来纤维,有40%的医用纱布掺杂了涤纶,其掺杂量为2%~19%。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、高效准确,可用于对医用脱脂棉、纱布中非法添加化学合成纤维的鉴别。

医用脱脂棉及纱布中化学合成纤维的快速检测法

目的:建立铜氨溶液法对医用脱脂棉及纱布进行显微镜观测,以对非法添加的化学合成纤维进行快速鉴别和定性分析。方法:对湖南省医疗器械监督抽检样品中的30批医用脱脂棉和30批纱布采用铜氨溶液法观察纤维溶解的情况,取铜氨溶液法中不溶性纤维进行显微镜观察,并与标准品进行比较,确定不溶性纤维的种类。结果:检测的医用脱脂棉及纱布中,有30%的医用脱脂棉发现少量孤立外来纤维,有40%的医用纱布掺杂了化学合成纤维,其掺杂量均>10%。经过显微镜观测以及与标准品比较,确定医用脱脂棉和纱布中化学合成纤维大多数为涤纶纤维。结论:建立的铜氨溶液方法操作方便、快速、直观且准确,可作为医用脱脂棉和纱布中非法加入化学合成纤维的快速检测方法,为医用脱脂棉及纱布的监管提供技术支撑。

医用脱脂棉及纱布产品中非法加入化学合成纤维的情况分析

目的:检测市场上43家生产企业的67批医用脱脂棉及纱布中的化学合成纤维,了解市场上医用脱脂棉及纱布质量情况,为制订补充检验方法提供参考。方法:采用燃烧法对样品中的化学合成纤维进行初筛,采用溶解法对样品中的化学合成纤维进行初步定量分析,再采用显微镜法或红外光谱法对样品中化学合成纤维的类别进行鉴别。结果:33批医用脱脂棉均未检出含量在5%以上的涤纶纤维。34批医用纱布中含涤纶纤维含量在5%以上的有13批,占总数的38.2%。结论:67批医用脱脂棉及纱布中非法添加的化学合成纤维大多数为涤纶纤维。医用纱布中掺假情况较为普遍,形势较为严重,且呈区域集中态势。建议补充该类产品非法添加化学合成纤维的补充检验方法,为产品质量控制,规范市场和行政执行提供技术支持。

关于水泥混凝土中化学合成纤维的运用研究

化学合成纤维混凝土是近年来迅速发展的一种新型混凝土材料,能显著提高混凝土的抗拉韧性、抗冻性、耐磨性等,幵且能有效地防止混凝土早期裂缝的问题。简要地介绍了纤维混凝土这种新型的建筑材料,就聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗掺性能、抗冻性能以及抗拉性能等开展试验研究。

锦纶/氨纶混纺产品四种定量化学分析方法比较研究

国内标准对锦纶/氨纶混纺产品化学溶解法定量分析可以采用二甲基乙酰胺法、80%甲酸法、20%盐酸法、40%硫酸法等4种方法,本文对4种不同方法进行了比较研究,给出了最优方法选择。

吉林市建设纤维-纺织大型项目

吉林市人民政府为迅速发展传统纤维-纺织加工项目,决策于日前开始启动国内较大型项目建设,即欲在五年内投资55亿元以建成拥有化学合成纤维50万t/a的综合生产加工出口基地。其位于吉林市经济技术开发区东北部,规划面积521公顷。

铜氨溶液溶解法快速分离测定生物医学工程材料医用纱布中纤维素与化学合成高分子纤维

目的：建立用铜氨溶液溶解法快速检测医用脱脂棉纱布和脱脂棉粘胶混纺纱布中化学合成纤维掺假。方法：将样品剪成小块并拆成独立的纱线,采用氢氧化铜-氨水（0.25 g∶25 m L）的铜氨溶液,在透明PET瓶中采用人工或机械方式对瓶体不断振荡（振荡的频率均为200次·min-1）常温溶解棉与粘胶纤维,保留化学合成纤维,并对残留纤维进一步鉴别。结果：采用该方法可以在10 min内对待测纱布的掺杂化学合成纤维情况进行判断,加标回收试验中测得回收率为98.1%-99.7%,RSD为0.82%-1.8%。检测了50批纱布,发现有15批含有不溶性纤维,其化学合成纤维含量在5%-12%之间。结论：本方法经方法学验证可用于此类产品掺假的现场和实验室快速检测。

Synthesis and Preparation of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Chelating Membrane Modified with Thiourea

Several kinds of chloromethyl polysulfones （CMPF） with different chlorinity and reactive groups were synthesized by Friedel.crafts reaction, which could be utilized as reactively matrix membrane materials. The CMPF hollow matrix membranes were prepared with phase inversion by utilization of CMPF/additive/DMAC casting solution and CMPF as membrane materials. It was found that the effects of additive content, bore liquid and dry spinning distance on the structure of CMPF hollow fiber matrix membrane were different. A high qualified palysulfone hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thiourea as chelating groups was prepared using CMPF as membrane matrix materials, through the reaction between thiourea and CMPF hollow fiber matrix membrane to afford the methyl iso-thiourium polysulfone. The experimental results showed that thermal drawing could increase the mechanical properties of matrix membrane, and the thermal treatment could increase the homogeneity and stability of the structure of polysulfoue hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thiourea.

Influence of Dispersion of Nano-ZnO Particles in Polymer Matrices on Properties of Relevant Nano Composite Fibers

The surface-passivated and non-surface-passivated zinc oxide nano-particles （marked as s-nanoZnO and ns-nanoZnO respectively） were evenly dispersed in polymer solutions with the aid of ultrasonic vibration to prepare nanocomposite film by free casting and to prepare nanocomposite fibers by wet spinning and to prepare nancomposites coating by surface smearing. The dispersion of s-nanoZnO and nsnanoZnO in PAN matrix were observed by transmittance electron microscopy, the mechanical properties of the relevant compesite samples were studied by INSRTON tensile strength tester. It was found that s-nanoZnO behaves a well-dispersed morphology in PAN films and fibers when its concentration was 2 wt% but ns-nanoZnO nano particles agglomerate into larger congeries in PAN films. It means that the surface-passivated process oft zinc oxide nano. particles was effective to disperse. The relative intensity and elonsation at break of s-nanoZnO-PAN composite fibers show maximum values with the increase of nano particle content in compesites （from 0 wt% to 2 wt% of s- nanoZnO）. The elasticity of the composite fibers increases whereas their modulus declines. Balanced the changes of the properties mentioned above, 2 wt% s-nanoZnO in PAN matrix is a proper content for the composite fibers spun by wet spinning. The result of surface smearing test means that the reactim between s-nanoZnO and polymer can be indicated by the color of nanocomposite surface coat on fibers.

大豆蛋白纤维连续报道之四 历史的脚步——李官奇与他的大豆蛋白纤维

大豆蛋白纤维素来享有“天绒”美誉，具有羊绒般的柔软、蚕丝般的光泽、棉花般的吸湿性、羊毛般的保暖性，更重要的是，大豆蛋白纤维是利用生物工程高新技术从大豆豆粕中提取的再生植物蛋白纤维，符合21世纪“绿色、再生、可持续发展”的目标，被业内人士定义为“21世纪的健康舒适纤维”。

Chemical conversion of human and mouse fibroblasts into motor neurons

Transplantation of motor neurons can provide long-term functional benefits in animal models of neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and traumatic spinal cord injury. Although embryonic stem cells can differentiate into motor neurons, alternative sources of motor neurons may be controllable for disease modeling and transplantation. Here, we show that human and mouse fibroblasts can be efficiently and directly converted into motor neurons by a cocktail of five small molecules, without the involvement of the neural progenitor stage. The chemically-induced motor neurons display the distinct neuronal morphology and express motor neuron markers. Interestingly, when the same chemical compounds were soaked in beads and implanted in the hypodermis of the back skins of mice, surrounding cells begin to express motor neuron markers,indicating in vivo motor neuron reprogramming. Taken together, we provide an efficient approach for chemically converting human and mouse fibroblasts into motor neurons suitable for cell replacement therapy and neurodegenerative disease modeling.