The indirect electrochemical reduction of Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB （IBG） was investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and electrolytic experiments.Triethanolamine （TEA） was used as ligand to form elec-t...The indirect electrochemical reduction of Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB （IBG） was investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and electrolytic experiments.Triethanolamine （TEA） was used as ligand to form elec-trochemically active Fe（III）-complexes in alkaline solution.The effects of operating parameters including reaction temperature,current density,concentration of NaOH and Fe（III）-TEA mediator had been studied by orthogonal ex-periments and the mechanism of radicals on electrochemical reduction was discussed.The cyclic voltammetry ex-perimental results show that Fe（III）-TEA complexes are well suited for the indirect electrochemical reduction of IBG.The electrolytic experiments show that high current efficiency （49.9%） can be successfully achieved under op-timized conditions and the current density is found to be the main influence factor.展开更多
Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the cur...Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants,invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors.Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that(i)the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous,(ii)the size of the impact was variable and(iii)the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type.However,invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals(HMs)and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs.On the other hand,HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the‘escape behavior’of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution.However,there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions.A quantitative research comparing plant,litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.展开更多
Marine microbes are major drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and play critical roles in the ecosystems. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) are an important bacterial functional group with capability o...Marine microbes are major drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and play critical roles in the ecosystems. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) are an important bacterial functional group with capability of harvesting light energy and wide distribution, and appear to have a particular role in the ocean's carbon cycling. Yet the global pattern of AAPB distribution was controversial at the beginning of the 21 st century due to the defects of the AAPB enumeration methods. An advanced time-series observation-based infrared epifluorescence microscopy(TIREM) approach was established to amend the existing AAPB quantitative deviation and led to the accurate enumeration of AAPB in marine environments. The abundance of AAPB and AAPB% were higher in coastal and continental shelf waters than in oceanic waters, which does not support the idea that AAPB are specifically adapted to oligotrophic conditions due to photosynthesis in AAPB acting a supplement to their organic carbon respiration. Further investigation revealed that dependence of AAPB on dissolved organic carbon produced by phytoplankton(PDOC) may limit their competition and control AAPB distribution. So, the selection of carbon sources by AAPB indicated that they can effectively fractionate the carbon flow in the sea. Enlightened by these findings, the following studies on the interactions between marine microbes and DOC led to the discovery of a new mechanism of marine carbon sequestration—the Microbial Carbon Pump(MCP). The conceptual framework of MCP addresses the sources and mechanism of the vast DOC reservoir in the ocean and represents a breakthrough in the theory of ocean carbon sequestration.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （2003CCA01300） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20876151）
文摘The indirect electrochemical reduction of Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB （IBG） was investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and electrolytic experiments.Triethanolamine （TEA） was used as ligand to form elec-trochemically active Fe（III）-complexes in alkaline solution.The effects of operating parameters including reaction temperature,current density,concentration of NaOH and Fe（III）-TEA mediator had been studied by orthogonal ex-periments and the mechanism of radicals on electrochemical reduction was discussed.The cyclic voltammetry ex-perimental results show that Fe（III）-TEA complexes are well suited for the indirect electrochemical reduction of IBG.The electrolytic experiments show that high current efficiency （49.9%） can be successfully achieved under op-timized conditions and the current density is found to be the main influence factor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071521,31800429)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170540)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,China.
文摘Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants,invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors.Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that(i)the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous,(ii)the size of the impact was variable and(iii)the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type.However,invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals(HMs)and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs.On the other hand,HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the‘escape behavior’of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution.However,there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions.A quantitative research comparing plant,litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China Project (Grant No. 2011IM010700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91428308, 41422603 and 41176095)the State Oceanic Administration of China Project (Grant No. GASI-03-01-02-03)
文摘Marine microbes are major drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and play critical roles in the ecosystems. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) are an important bacterial functional group with capability of harvesting light energy and wide distribution, and appear to have a particular role in the ocean's carbon cycling. Yet the global pattern of AAPB distribution was controversial at the beginning of the 21 st century due to the defects of the AAPB enumeration methods. An advanced time-series observation-based infrared epifluorescence microscopy(TIREM) approach was established to amend the existing AAPB quantitative deviation and led to the accurate enumeration of AAPB in marine environments. The abundance of AAPB and AAPB% were higher in coastal and continental shelf waters than in oceanic waters, which does not support the idea that AAPB are specifically adapted to oligotrophic conditions due to photosynthesis in AAPB acting a supplement to their organic carbon respiration. Further investigation revealed that dependence of AAPB on dissolved organic carbon produced by phytoplankton(PDOC) may limit their competition and control AAPB distribution. So, the selection of carbon sources by AAPB indicated that they can effectively fractionate the carbon flow in the sea. Enlightened by these findings, the following studies on the interactions between marine microbes and DOC led to the discovery of a new mechanism of marine carbon sequestration—the Microbial Carbon Pump(MCP). The conceptual framework of MCP addresses the sources and mechanism of the vast DOC reservoir in the ocean and represents a breakthrough in the theory of ocean carbon sequestration.
