化学法合成D-塔格糖的研究

研究了D-塔格糖的化学法生产工艺过程,通过单因素实验,确定了以D-半乳糖为原料进行化学法合成D-塔格糖的工艺条件。结果表明,当CaCl2(催化剂)的添加量在0.01～0.03mol/L,反应时间在20～40min,并用醋酸、CO2、磷酸中和时,D-塔格糖产率较高。通过正交实验优化反应条件,最终确定以0.02mol/L的CaCl2为催化剂,反应时间30min,用醋酸中和金属氢氧化物D-塔格糖复合物时,D-塔格糖的产率最高,可达到49.05%。

1,3-丙二醇合成工艺的研究进展

综述了目前国内外1,3-丙二醇的工业化生产能力,市场状况以及化学法和生物法生产的研究进展。

A Genetic Algorithm-based Approach to Scheduling of Batch Production with Maximum Profit

The optimal scheduling of multi-product batch process is studied and a new mathematics model targeting the maximum profit is proposed, which can be solved by the modified genetic algorithm (MGA) with mixed coding (sequence coding and decimal coding) developed by us. In which, the partially matched cross over (PMX) and reverse mutation are used for the sequence coding, whereas the arithmetic crossover and heteropic mutation are used for the decimal coding. In addition, the relationship between production scale and production cost is analyzed and the maximum profit is always a trade-off of the production scale and production cost. Two examples are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

A New Fuzzy Clustering-Ranking Algorithm and Its Application in Process Alarm Management

Overmany alarms of modern chemical process give the operators many difficulties to decision and diag- nosis. In order to ensure safe production and process operating, management and optimization of alarm information are challenge work that must be confronted. A new process alarm management method based on fuzzy clustering- ranking algorithm is proposed. The fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to cluster rationally the process variables, and difference driving decision algorithm ranks different clusters and process parameters in every cluster. The alarm signal of higher rank is handled preferentially to manage effectively alarms and avoid blind operation. The validity of proposed algorithm and solution is verified by the practical application of ethylene cracking furnace system. It is an effective and dependable alarm management method to improve operating safety in industrial process.

The Combinatorial Biosynthesis of＂Unnatural＂ Products with Polyketides

Polyketides have been widely used clinically due to their significant biological activities, but the needed structural and functional diversity cannot be achieved by common chemical synthetic methods. The tool of combinatorial biosynthesis provides the possibility to produce "unnatural" natural drugs, which has achieved initial success. This paper provides an overview for the strategies of combinatorial biosynthesis in producing the structural and functional diversity of polyketides, including the redesign of metabolic flow, polyketide synthase(PKS) engineering, and PKS post-translational modification. Although encouraging progress has been made in the last decade, challenges still exist regarding the rational combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides. In this review, the perspectives of polyketide combinatorial biosynthesis are also discussed.

Advances in Solid-Phase heterocyclic chemistry

This paper is a result of a review through 25 papers on the synthesis of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings on solid support. Solid-phase organic synthesis methods that enable the rapid production of arrays of heterocycles are of critical importance to the pharmaceutical industry. The generation of heterocyclic chemistry by solid-phase synthesis will definitely accelerate the development of pharmaceutical research.

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Bifunctional Dye Containing Spirobenzopyran and Cinnamoyl Moiety

A novel bifunctional dye containing spirobenzopyran and cinnamoyl moiety has been prepared and its photochromic behavior following irradiation at different wavelengths of monochrome UV light was investigated. The colourless bifunctional dye in film or solution exhibits unusual photochromism through structural and geometrical transformation from spirobenzopyran to merocyanine accompanying with photocrosslinking reaction in cinnamoyl moieties. Two kinds of photochemical reaction were achieved by irradiation at the different wavelengths of monochrome UV light (275 nm, 365 nm) selectively. The photochromic process of the bifunctional dye was discussed and the dynamic behaviors of the decolorization process were investigated.

Investigation of Geographical Origin and Production Method of L（＋）-Tartaric Acid by Isotopic Analyses with Chemometrics

The determination of the geographical origin as well as the adulteration of natural products is a technical problem due to similar chemical composition between an adulterant and the original. It is assumed that tartaric acid comes from natural sources, however there is no specific regulation for this claim. This paper describes the use of isotope mass spectrometry associated with chemometrics to classify different samples of tartaric acid. The results showed that the variables δ^13C, δ^18O and δ^2H allowed the discrimination of tartaric acid samples by geographical origin and production method. By using a combination of chemometfic analysis it was possible to confirm a notoriousseparation of the samples. Thus, this is a promising method to be applied in the quality control and authenticity of tartaric acid.

The Impact of Handicrafts on the Promotion of Cultural and Economic Development for Students of Art Education in Higher Education

This paper studies the impact of handicrafts on the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education through handicrafts based on local customs and traditions. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental methods are used in this research. The results of the study are expected to benefit from the results of this study to provide planners handicrafts in the Ministry of Education. An effective strategy can affect the teaching and learning of handicrafts, the protection of its features and its presence and identity. The study sample consists of 45 students of the third level, batch 2012-2013, from the faculty of Education at the University of Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. The researchers to prepare topics for handicrafts depend on the use of local materials and units which are derived from the environment and represent the Artistic heritage that is shown through handicrafts （pottery, ceramics, calligraphy, decoration, carpet weaving and textile, sewing, embroidery, sculpture and engraving on wood, metal works, and printing works）. The researchers focuse that the students learn the value of handicrafts in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product. The results confLrms the existence of a difference in the quality and value of handicrafts for students in both groups： the experimental and control group, which confirms that the handcrafts lead to the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education. The researchers are recommended to consider of this topic as a main component which enables an area for further studies to develop different strategies in the field of handicrafts, for students to recognize the importance of the handicrafts value in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product.

Urban Transformation and Nostalgia in Merdivenkoy, Istanbul

In this paper the author will try to discuss the experiences and narratives of three different categories of families living in Merdivenkoy, Fikirtepe, the oldest settlement and suburban area of the Anatolian side of Istanbul, on the backdrop of urban transformation that will change the area soon. In life story narratives, these three examples give us information about the history, economic linkage, and life styles of neighboring families. The first category basically consists of the families that live in the area for a very long time, over some decades or more. Even one of them mentioned that, their family is living there for hundreds of years. The second category, which represents the biggest group living in the area, consists of families migrated from Sivas, a central Anatolian city, in the 1950s. Third category consist of Kurds migrated from eastern Anatolian villages and cities such as Mardin. Each category has different kinds of nostalgia about the past. Interviewees from the first category talk about family narratives related to the small village Merdivenk6y, Fikirtepe and the area. Mostly, they have a story of a ＂well off＂ family, structured and detailed narratives about the family history, including relations with the Ottoman Palace such as doing some sort of production for it. They seem very sensitive about the local cultural characteristics and what＇s going on in the area; realistic about and reconciled with what will happen as a result of slum clearance. Interviewees from the second category mostly emphasize the hardship of settling in a muddy suburban area, where once ＂muddy lands＂ now turned out to become valuable urban properties on which new and modem neighborhoods, shopping malls and office buildings will be built. They are expecting to get maximum gain out of the exchange of their small property, since they are desperately in need, because of the financial crisis situation. Although their houses with small gardens near the small industrial area are small, old, and neglected for years, they expect the most. Relatively newcomers, Kurdish people in the area talk about the good old days on the one hand and the painful stories about migration and settling on the other hand. They do not think about going back to their native lands, since here it is easier for them to find jobs in the informal economy as they live very close to central parts of the city. As a part of a larger research study focused on the experience of urban transformation, we made more than 50 interviews, trying to make a general outlook of the area, working on the dynamics of change before and after the urban transformation that had been started in June 2010. By using oral history research techniques and social science methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with the people living in the neighborhood, made observations in the neighborhood and took photographs. The author＇s work is about the reflections of nostalgia in their family histories and experiences of different categories of families living in the area referring life story narratives. As far as the author can see in each group he works on, there are different contradictions related to their position in the city and conception of the area. The urban transformation presented and is perceived as a fortune for all of them, but it will have contradictory outcomes in reality for each as indicated in other examples in the world.

Advances in direct production of value-added chemicals via syngas conversion

Syngas conversion to fuels and chemicals is one of the most challenging subjects in the field of C1 chemistry. It is considered as an attractive alternative non-petroleum-based production route. The direct synthesis of olefins and alcohols as high value-added chemicals from syngas has drawn particular attention due to its process simplicity, low energy consumption and clean utilization of carbon resource, which conforms to the principles of green carbon science. This review describes the recent advances for the direct production of lower olefins and higher alcohols via syngas conversion. Recent progress in the development of new catalyst systems for enhanced catalytic performance is highlighted. We also give recommendations regarding major challenges for further research in syngas conversion to various chemicals.