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电动-化学淋溶联合修复铀污染土壤
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作者 姜方荣 潘进礼 +4 位作者 蒋文波 宋勇 高柏 马文洁 赵崇祯 《有色金属(冶炼部分)》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第12期99-108,176,共11页
矿山周围土壤放射性污染问题对生态环境及人体健康构成威胁,亟需对铀污染土壤展开高效修复技术研究。以某铀矿区的放射性污染土壤为研究对象,探究不同淋溶剂类型、淋溶剂浓度、液固比及复合淋溶剂配比去除铀的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:... 矿山周围土壤放射性污染问题对生态环境及人体健康构成威胁,亟需对铀污染土壤展开高效修复技术研究。以某铀矿区的放射性污染土壤为研究对象,探究不同淋溶剂类型、淋溶剂浓度、液固比及复合淋溶剂配比去除铀的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:化学淋溶剂对铀污染土壤中铀的去除性能存在明显的差异,表现为无机酸(48.70%)>有机酸(31.91%)>螯合剂(23.31%)>无机盐(17.26%)。复合淋溶剂及电动化学淋溶法的联合使用可有效提高污染土壤中铀的去除率,其中,在电压30 V、柠檬酸+氯化铁复合浓度0.1 mol/L+7.5 g/L、液固比5 mL/g、温度25℃的最佳条件下,污染土壤中铀的平均去除率达59.75%,较单一化学淋溶提高了13.37个百分点。 展开更多
关键词 铀土壤污染 化学淋溶 电动-淋溶联合修复
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地下水对边坡的化学淋溶效应分析
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作者 钟生军 王华 赵志明 《铁道建筑》 北大核心 2007年第4期70-72,共3页
地下水对边坡的淋溶作用是很大的。自然界中岩石均含有可溶性组分(矿物、胶结物),特别是胶结物的淋失将削弱颗粒之间的联系而使岩体强度降低。以往,质量平衡模拟主要被用来研究区域深层承压水系统的水—岩作用,而且研究的目标主要是水... 地下水对边坡的淋溶作用是很大的。自然界中岩石均含有可溶性组分(矿物、胶结物),特别是胶结物的淋失将削弱颗粒之间的联系而使岩体强度降低。以往,质量平衡模拟主要被用来研究区域深层承压水系统的水—岩作用,而且研究的目标主要是水质的演化。将该方法用于边坡浅层地下水系统的水—岩作用研究,着重解决长期困扰人们的化学淋溶对岩土强度的影响问题,取得了良好效果。 展开更多
关键词 地下水 边坡 化学淋溶
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南岭常绿阔叶林林冠受损对穿透雨和树干流水化学的影响 被引量:11
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作者 李力 刘立强 +2 位作者 周光益 邱治军 赵厚本 《水土保持学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第2期45-50,68,共7页
通过模拟林冠受损实验,对23次降水过程的林外降雨、穿透雨和树干流水化学进行测定,分析林冠受损对南岭常绿阔叶林生长季节的树干流和穿透雨水质及其冠层淋溶规律的影响。结果表明:(1)在研究区域的生长季节,雨水pH平均为6.521,含盐量、N... 通过模拟林冠受损实验,对23次降水过程的林外降雨、穿透雨和树干流水化学进行测定,分析林冠受损对南岭常绿阔叶林生长季节的树干流和穿透雨水质及其冠层淋溶规律的影响。结果表明:(1)在研究区域的生长季节,雨水pH平均为6.521,含盐量、NO-3、NH+4、Cl-、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、SO2-4浓度分别为22.000,1.045,0.684,0.456,1.256,7.908,0.113,0.419,2.329mg/L。(2)林冠受损之后,与对照林地相比,穿透雨中绝大多数的离子浓度发生了明显的变化,冠层化学淋溶作用显著减弱;受损林分穿透雨的含盐量、NO-3、NH+4、Cl-、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、SO2-4的含量分别是未受损穿透雨各离子含量的0.947,2.587,1.022,1.388,0.501,0.925,0.796,0.528,0.754倍;受损林分穿透雨中各离子浓度增幅按大小排列为K+>NO-3>Cl->SO2-4>Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>NH+4,而对照林地为K+>SO2-4>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>Cl->NH+4>NO-3。表明林冠受损之后,穿透雨中除K+之外,其余离子增幅顺序均有所变化。(3)林冠受损后,树干流中各阳离子浓度与未受损林分相比呈现明显增加趋势,说明林冠受损增强了雨水对树干的冲刷和阳离子淋洗能力,有利于林木对此类养分的吸收;与未受损林分相比,受损林分树干流中各离子浓度的增幅按大小排列为:K+>Ca2+>Na+>SO2-4>Mg2+>NH+4>NO-3>Cl-。(4)从养分的冠层淋溶系数来看,无论是受损林分还是未受损林分,K+、Mg2+是最易淋溶的离子,而NO-3在未受损林分中出现负淋溶,这进一步证实了前人的研究结论;而林冠受损对及其冠层淋溶的长期影响尚需进一步监测。 展开更多
关键词 林冠受损 穿透雨 树干流 水质 常绿阔叶林 化学淋溶
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Distribution of Bacteria Injected in Body of Giant Black Shrimp, Penaeus Monodon 被引量:1
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作者 郭志勋 Karin van de Braak Magriet Botterbloom 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第2期186-191,共6页
Distribution of injected Vibrio anguillarum in body of Penaeus monodon was studied with immunohistochemical method. Bacteria could be detected throughout the experiment in some individuals; however in lymphoid tissue,... Distribution of injected Vibrio anguillarum in body of Penaeus monodon was studied with immunohistochemical method. Bacteria could be detected throughout the experiment in some individuals; however in lymphoid tissue, gill, heart and haemolymph of all vibrio injected shrimp, the bacteria could be observed only 5 min after injection. The bacteria density in haemolymph, haemolymph of the hepatopancreas and gills decreased with time. In the lymphoid organ and heart, the bacteria density was the highest 48 h after injection, then decreased. Nodules could be formed in the heart, lymphoid organ and injection site. 展开更多
关键词 Vibrio anguillarum Penaeus monodon lymphoid tissue HAEMOLYMPH
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Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements in Argillans of Alfisols in Central China 被引量:1
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作者 HUANG Li LIU Fan +1 位作者 TAN Wen-Feng WANG Ming-Kuang 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第3期415-427,共13页
The relationships between the basic properties and trace elements in soil argillans and corresponding matrix soils were studied by sampling from the B horizons of 26 Alfisols in croplands of the subtropical area in Ce... The relationships between the basic properties and trace elements in soil argillans and corresponding matrix soils were studied by sampling from the B horizons of 26 Alfisols in croplands of the subtropical area in Central China. The soil elements(K, Na, Ca,Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn) were extracted by acid digestion and their contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). The mean contents of clay and organic matter in the argillans were approximately 1.1 and 1.3 times greater than those in the matrix soils, respectively. The p H values and the contents of P2O5 and bases(K2O, Na2 O, Ca O, and Mg O) in the argillans were higher than those in the corresponding matrix soils. Cu, Cd, Ti, and V were enriched in the argillans. Correlation coefficients and factor analyses showed that Co, Cu, Li, and Zn were bound with phyllosilicates and manganese oxides(Mn-oxides) in the argillans. Cr and Pb were mainly associated with iron oxides(Fe-oxides), while Ni was bound with Mn-oxides. Cd, Ti, and V were chiefly associated with phyllosilicates, but Cr and Mo were rarely enriched in the argillans.In contrast, in the matrix soils, Co and Zn were associated with organic matter and Fe-oxides, Cr existed in phyllosilicates, and Mo was bound to Fe-oxides. Cd, Ti, and V were associated with organic matter. The results of this study suggest that clays, organic matter, and minerals in the argillans dominate the illuviation of trace elements in Alfisols. Argillans might be the active interfaces of elemental exchange and nutrient supply in cropland soils in Central China. 展开更多
关键词 clay cutan organic matter PHYLLOSILICATES soil element
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