兰州市大气颗粒物中化学特征污染物的筛选

采用综合评分法对兰州市大气颗粒物中化学特征污染物进行筛选.综合评分法的指标体系主要由环境检出率、潜在危害指数和环境影响度等9项指标组成,综合分值总分为280分.筛选结果表明:苯并[a]芘(综合评分为272,下同)、Pb(262)、Cr(262)、Ni(262)、Cd(262)、Cu(246)、苯并[a]蒽(230)、二苯并[a,h]蒽(215)、Zn(214)、苯并[b]荧蒽(212)10种化学污染物得分较高,为兰州市大气颗粒物中重点关注的化学污染物.而Hasse图解法筛选结果表明,苯并[a]芘、Pb、Cr、二苯并[a,h]蒽、Ni、Cd、Cu、Zn、苯并[a]蒽9种化学污染物的危害性排序靠前.在综合评分法的基础上利用Hasse图解法对化学特征污染物进行筛选,按照危害性大小,兰州市大气颗粒物中化学特征污染物可分为5个层次,依次为:①苯并[a]芘、Pb和Cr;②Ni、二苯并[a,h]蒽;③Cu、Cd;④苯并[a]蒽、Zn;⑤苯并[b]荧蒽.综合评分法和Hasse图解法的结合应用既简化了单一Hasse图解法筛选化学特征污染物的繁琐过程,又可实现对污染物危害性的较全面认识.

Haze with Chinese residents＇ health problems

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.