苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶工艺生产应用效益分析

本文以常规化学脱胶为基础,从工艺投入、加工质量、环境污染及工艺改造等方面论述了苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶新工艺生产应用的经济、环境及社会效益。

苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶

苧麻脱胶一般采用化学脱胶的方法。该法消耗化工原料多,成本高;废水中污染物浓度高、PH值高、颜色深。经处理后往往达不到国家工业废水排放标准,严重地污染环境,影响了经济效益。近几年来,益阳盐麻纺织印染厂与有关单位进行细菌化学联合脱胶试验,取得了可喜的成果。试验证明:细菌化学联合脱胶与传统化学脱胶上比较,化工原料用量、污水排放量和废水中污染物浓度均大幅度下降,具有较好的环境效益和经济效益。一。

龋病发病机理的“生物电化学理论”研究现状与展望

龋病发病机理研究一直是世界各地学者高度重视的课题.近百年来,龋病病因学和发病机理的研究虽然取了极大的进展,但其核心基本上没有脱离一百年前Miller(1889)创立的龋病发病机理的化学细菌学说这个范畴。八十年代末期,我教研室黄力子教授在国家自然科学基金资助下,对龋病发病机理进行了深入的研究,提出“生物电化学理论”解释龋病发病机理,现将该项研究现状与展望介绍如下:

急性白血病的细胞化学和免疫分型

对５２例急性白血病进行多种细胞化学染色和单克隆分型，并与以ＦＡＢ为基础的形态学分型比较。结果表明，氯醋酸酯酶在鉴别粒细胞系统，醋酸萘酯加氟化钠抑制试验在鉴别单核细胞系有重要作用。

基于大肠杆菌催化的微生物燃料电池

使用不同PTFE含量的石墨／PTFE复合膜电极作微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cells，MFCs）的阳极，通过大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）的生物催化作用来获取电流。结果表明，细菌在电化学环境中会经历一个类似于自然选择的活化过程，经过电化学活化的细菌对葡萄糖的生物电催化活性显著提高。此外，复合电极中PTFE的含量能够显著影响微生物燃料电池中电流产生的效率。由恒阻和恒流2种放电模型得到的结果表明，在微生物燃料电池阳极上葡萄糖的电催化氧化涉及到2个动力学过程。

Comparison of electrochemical dissolution of chalcopyrite and bornite in acid culture medium

The electrochemical dissolution process of chalcopyrite and bornite in acid bacteria culture medium was investigated by electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） analysis. Bornite was much easier to be oxidized rather than to be reduced, and chalcopyrite was difficult to be both oxidized and reduced. The relatively higher copper extraction of bornite dissolution can be attributed to its higher oxidation rate. Covellite（CuS） was detected as the intermediate species during the dissolution processes of both bornite and chalcopyrite. Bornite dissolution was preferred to be a direct oxidation pathway, in which bornite was directly oxidized to covellite（CuS） and cupric ions, and the formed covellite（CuS） may inhibit the further dissolution. Chalcopyrite dissolution was preferred to be a continuous reduction-oxidation pathway, in which chalcopyrite was initially reduced to bornite, then oxidized to covellite（CuS）, and the initial reduction reaction was the rate-limiting step.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption for heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions onto surface amino-bacterial cellulose

Amino-bacterial cellulose（amino-BC） was prepared by chemical modification of bacterial cellulose（BC）.The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of amino-BC were studied.The results show that adsorption data can be fitted well by Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics,indicating that the adsorption of amino-BC would obey monolayer molecule adsorption and the main action was chemisorption.Meanwhile,the adsorption process was studied by the Elovich equation and the intra-particle diffusion model,indicating that the absorption characteristics of metal ions on amino-BC is controlled by both film diffusion and particle diffusion.The increase of reaction temperature will accelerate the adsorbing rate because of endothermic reaction.

含黄铁矿多金属矿石加工工艺的改进

黄铁矿多金属矿石是极难选别的矿石，在浮选时添加聚合物将会提高选别效果．热压浸出工艺是加工处理黄铁矿多金属矿石的最有前途的技术方案．该工艺加工处理含贵金属矿石，以及有色金属表外贫矿石均取得成效．该工艺是提高技术指标，达到矿石综合利用的良好途径．

Chemical Components from the Fungus Engleromyces goetzei

A new ceramide, (2S,3S,4R, 10E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1, 3,4-triol (1), together with twelve known compounds, cerebroside A, cerebroside B, cerebroside D, cytochalasin D, epoxycytochalasin D, cytochalasin C, loganin, cerevisterol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta, 5alpha, 6alpha-triol, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol peroxide and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Engleromyces goetzei P. Henn. The structure of new ceramide (1) was elucidated by spectral data and chemical method, especially by 2D-NMR techniques. All of the compounds except cytochalasin D were first obtained from this fungus.

构建高效去除五氯酚的生物阴极

利用传统方法构建的生物阴极在去除废水中的难降解有机污染物时往往启动时间较长、处理效果不佳.为此,提出一种用于筛选与驯化处理难降解有机污染物的电化学活性细菌方法,构建用于高效去除五氯酚(PCP)的生物阴极.通过研究五氯酚的初始浓度、氧化还原介体浓度以及pH值等因素对生物阴极运行效果的影响,获得生物阴极去除五氯酚的最佳条件.实验结果表明:该方法使生物阴极的启动时间由14d缩短到3d,电流密度由-5mA/m2下降到-31mA/m2.当反应时间为100h时,工作电极电势为-400 mV,五氯酚的初始质量浓度为20mg/L,当pH=6.5时,生物阴极的性能最佳,五氯酚和总有机碳(TOC)的去除率分别为电化学体系下的2.6倍和2.9倍.

黄铜矿生物堆浸评述

生物浸出是一种新出现的具有重大潜在意义的技术,它不仅可以提高矿业对金属的回收率,而且具有明显的环境和社会效益。黄铜矿(CuFeS2)是自然界中最主要的含铜矿物,与很多其它矿物不同,难以用湿法冶金工艺处理黄铜矿矿石。生物湿法冶金工艺难以应用于黄铜矿的一个原因是黄铜矿的溶解速度很慢。本评述讨论了黄铜矿生物浸出过程中的微生物学和其它一些重要方面。生物浸出中的微生物对养料的适度要求可以通过向含铁或硫的矿物悬液充气,或向大的矿堆喷淋浸液来提供。这种矿质化学营养细菌的新陈代谢物使微生物具有工业意义。本文重点讨论了微生物的生物变异和影响生物堆浸的一些主要因素。还叙述了一些现有商业生物堆浸厂的基本投资和生产成本。应用生物堆浸处理黄铜矿矿石可以降低建设和生产费用,减小对环境的影响。

枣缩果病及其防治技术研究

枣树缩果病的病原菌(Frwinia jujubovoraWang.Cai.Feng et Gao)为肠杆菌科,欧文氏菌属的一个新种。经多年研究,此病发生与气温、湿度和枣果发育期密切相关。在新郑枣区,8月中旬至9月中旬,旬平均气温22—26℃时,是此病主要发生期。通过小区试验,使用链霉素70—140单位/毫升、50%DT 600倍液、卡那霉素140单位/毫升、土霉素210单位/毫升等药剂喷药3次,保果率在90%以上。1986年以来,在新郑等三县示范防治6.1万株,病果率降至7%以下,纯经济收入57.95万元。

Characterization of Mediterranean Magnetotactic Bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of motile prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. In this study, we collected magnetotactic bacteria from the Mediterranean Sea. A remarkable diversity of morphotypes was observed, including multicellular types that seemed to differ from those previously found in North and South America. Another interesting organism was one with magnetosomes arranged in a six-stranded bundle which occupied one third of the cell width. The magnetosome bundle was evident even under optic microscopy. These cells were connected together and swam as a linear entire unit. Magnetosomes did not always align up to form a straight linear chain. A chain composed of rectangle magnetosomes bent at a posi- tion with an oval crystal. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the crystal at the pivotal position suggested uncompleted formation of the crystal. This is the first report of Mediterranean magnetotactic bacteria, which should be useful for studies of biogeochemical cycling and geohistory of the Mediterranean Sea.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis:A severe complication of liver cirrhosis

This report presents a survey of current knowledge concerning one of the relatively frequent and severe complications of liver cirrhosis and associated ascites-spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Epidemiology,aetiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and present possibilities of treatment are discussed.

A comparative effect of 3 disinfectants on heterotrophic bacteria, iron bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria

The disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide, chlorine and their mixture on heterotrophic bacteria, iron bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in circulating cooling water was studied. The results of the test indicated that high purity chlorine dioxide was the most effective biocide in the 3 disinfectants, and with a dosage of 0.5 mg/L, chlorine dioxide could obtain perfect effect. High purity chloride dioxide could have the excellent effect with the pH value of 6 to 10, and could keep it within 72 h. Chlorine and their mixture couldn’t reach the effect of chlorine dioxide.

Spatiotemporal pattern of bacterioplankton in Donghu Lake

Bacterioplankton play key roles in the biogeochemical cycle and in organic contaminant degradation. The species richness and abundance of bacterial subgroups are generally distinct from each other, and this is attributed to their different functions in aquatic ecosystems. The spatiotemporal variations of eight phylogenetic subgroups （Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria） derived from Donghu Lake were investigated using PCR-DGGE fingerprinting, to explore their responses to environmental factors. Results indicate that Actinobacteria and beta-Proteobacteria were the two largest bacterial subgroups detected. These two groups and Bacteroidetes showed clear seasonal patterns in composition of the operational taxonomic unit. Results also suggest that the bacterioplankton subgroups in Donghu Lake were significantly correlated with different environmental factors. In brief, the total nitrogen was one of the major factors regulating all the bacterioplankton except for Actinobacteria. However, total phosphorus, another important eutrophication factor, contributed to the two largest bacterial groups （Actinobacteria and beta-Proteobacteria）, as well as to the Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. Therefore, the responses of bacterioplankton subgroups to environmental factors were different, and this should be attributed to the differences in the fimctions of different groups.

Effect of Garlic Paste Added to Yoghurt of Cow Milk

Yoghurt has greater popularity among fermented milk products. The development of fruit and fiavoured yoghurt resulted in this product of major importance in markets. Garlic is a common food spice and herbal medicine for preventing of many human diseases. This study was conducted to analyze physicochemical properties of yoghurt by incorporating of garlic paste at different concentrations. Yoghurt mixtures were prepared with 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% garlic paste, and without garlic paste as a control. They were subjected into chemical, sensorial and microbial assessment during the storage period of four weeks. At the first week, the chemical attributes, such as ash, dry matter, total sugar, reducing sugar and pH show significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in 3% garlic added yoghurt. On the other hand, titrable acidity was higher in yoghurt made without garlic paste. At the fourth week of storage period, 3% garlic added yoghurt received higher mean value for ash, dry matter, total sugar, reducing sugar and pH. Similarly, yoghurt made without garlic received higher mean value for titrable acidity. Garlic reduced the bacterial load in the yoghurt, as bacterial count was decreased with increase in the concentration of garlic paste. Finally, organoleptic assessment revealed that there were （P 〈 0.05） changes among the treatments in the sensory attributes. Although, yoghurt made from 1% of garlic at the first week of storage showed the best overall acceptability compared with other all treatments, such as values of ash, dry matter, total sugar and reducing sugar were 0.61%±0.05%, 14.73% ± 3%, 12.7% ± 1.57% and 1.86% ± 0.19%, respectively.

Features of Structurization at Participation of Guanidine Groups of Arginine in Life Cycle in Population of E. coil

The purpose of the given work was the experimental analysis of features of Arg-X proteolysis in proteom of supramolecular structures of bacterial cells during their life cycle. The basic attention was devoted to relaxation of Arg-X sites of proteom in association with the evolutionary significance ofArg-rich histones in the eukaryotic kingdom. These properties were not studied in the prokaryotes. Cells ofE. coli were grown to the stationary phase, collected by centrifugation and washed. All cells were taken over from 50 min to 430 min at intervals of 20 min and were preserved in glycerol. The supramolecular structures were fractionated from bacterial cells by increasing ionic strength of solution. The Arg-Xactivity was assessed by cleavage of Arg-Xbonds in the arginine-enriched protein protamine in all cell fractions. We have shown that during the stationary phase in the life cycle of E. coli, there are a high continuous activity of the Arg-X processing at the level of＂cytoskeleton＂ of the cell and bright cyclic activity in the cytoplasm.

Neutron （Magnetic Isotope） Catalysis for Example Isotopes 24,25,26Mg in Cells E. Coli

We offered the new theory of neutron （magnetic isotope） catalysis. For the first time it was shown that the number of neutrons in the atom, which have anomalous magnetic effect, have a great influence on the chemical properties. Our proposed theory of neutron （magnetic isotope） catalysis takes into account the influence of the magnetic field on the catalytic processes.