[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of ...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [method] The tobaccos were divided into two groups treated with two methods and the related indices of treated tobaccos were then measured to evaluate effects of curing methods on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [Result] Tobaccos treated with two methods were all dominated by reddish yellow and yellow; exterior quality differed little. In detail, total sugar and reducing sugar in an average level in three locations were all higher with method A than those with method B, but nicotine and total N were lower; comprehensive chemical components in group with method B proved more appropriate with higher K. In addition, sensory qualities of leaves in moderate and bottom locations were better with method B compared with method A; sensory quality of top leaves was better; comprehensive sensory quality of leaves treated with method B proved better. On the other hand, cost for method A was 2.82 times of method B; the area of sun-curing field was 3.27 times and manage- ment work was 1.77 times, which indicated that method B is low-cost and time-saving, which would be a guarantee of tobacco quality. [Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for rational use of tobacco resources and optimization of sun-curing technology.展开更多
Based on the results of multipurpose regional geochemical surveys of the Guizhou Province, geochemical characteristics of soil Se and Se-rich land resources in the central area of Guiyang City were studied and evaluat...Based on the results of multipurpose regional geochemical surveys of the Guizhou Province, geochemical characteristics of soil Se and Se-rich land resources in the central area of Guiyang City were studied and evaluated.Major conclusions are as follows:(1) the Se content in surface soil of the central area of Guiyang City was 0.17–2.89 mg kg^(-1), and the average was 0.78 mg kg^(-1), which were respectively 2.6 and 3.9 times of the national background value of soil and the world background value of soil.The Se content in deep soil was 0.11–1.48 mg kg^(-1), and the average was 0.44 mg kg^(-1), which were respectively 1.5 and2.2 times of the national background value of soil and the world background value of soil. The soil Se content decreased with the increase in the soil depth on the vertical profile, and the surface soil had a higher Se content.(2)Distribution of Se content was mainly affected by parent material, physicochemical properties of soil and other components, soil type, and land use type. Parent material played a key role, as the soil Se content was mainly originated from parent rock and increased with the background value of Se in parent rock, physicochemical properties of soil and other components had certain influences upon the Se content. Se was shown to have a significant linear positive correlation with S and organic carbon but no significant correlation with p H value. Se content varied with different types of soil as follows: skeleton soil > yellow soil > paddy soil > limestone soil > purple soil. Land use type also hadcertain influences upon the soil Se content as follows: dry land > construction land > garden plot > grassland =garden plot > forest land.(3) Taking 0.4 mg kg^(-1)B x(Se) <3.0 mg kg^(-1) as the standard for Se-rich soil, Se-rich soil of the study area covered an area of 2224 km^2 and 92.5% of the total area; the remaining is general soil. The study area had no Se-excess soil. Therefore, the central area of Guiyang City has a high proportion of Se-rich land, a large area of Serich land resources, and a moderate selenium enrichment strength, which have been rarely seen anywhere and provide advantageous resources for the development of Se-rich featured agriculture.展开更多
The first modem survey of the Dead Sea was performed by the Geological Survey of Israel in 1959-1960, and the report published remains the baseline study for our understanding of the physical and chemical properties o...The first modem survey of the Dead Sea was performed by the Geological Survey of Israel in 1959-1960, and the report published remains the baseline study for our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of the lake. At the time the Dead Sea was a meromictic lake with a strong salinity gradient separating the deep waters （〉40 m depth） from the less saline surface waters. A few results of analyses of deeper water samples collected in the 1930s were reported, but overall we have very little information about the structure of the lake＇s water column before the 1959-1960 survey. However, it is little known that data on the physical and the chemical structure of the Dead Sea water column were obtained already in the middle of the 19~ century, and the information collected then is highly relevant for the reconstruction of the limnological properties of the lake in earlier times. The expedition of Lieutenant William Lynch （U.S. Navy） in 1848 reported the presence of a temperature minimum at a depth of-18 m, and also retrieved a water sample collected close to the bottom for chemical analysis. In 1864, the French Dead Sea exploration by the Duc de Luynes and his crew yielded detailed density and salinity profiles for a number of sampling stations. The results of these pioneering studies are discussed here, as well as the sampling equipment and measuring instruments used by the 1848 and the 1864 expeditions.展开更多
The objective of present study was to produce poultry feed with a best quality using ternary mixture of industrial wastes： fish industry waste, sugar industry waste （molasses） and yeast waste after 15 d biotransfor...The objective of present study was to produce poultry feed with a best quality using ternary mixture of industrial wastes： fish industry waste, sugar industry waste （molasses） and yeast waste after 15 d biotransformation using response surface methodology to design and analyze the experiment data. Changes in the nutritional quality and biochemical properties viz., pH, dry matter, conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, trimethylamine, protein, fat, carbohydrate, histamine, aflatoxins and minerals were evaluated during a biotransformation period of 15 d. The experimental findings revealed that the formulation including 50% of fish waste, 12.5% of molasses and 37.50% of yeast waste were found to be best quality poultry waste. It was characterized as odorless, with a stable pH, rich in protein, fat and carbohydrate as well as no alterations of bacteria and absence aflatoxins from the fifth day on ward. The nutritional value of the developed poultry fees was studied on a population of broiler chickens by incorporating with barley flour and eggshell. The product possesses a better nutritional quality comparable to commercially feed.展开更多
基金Supported by China Tobacco Yunnan Indutrial Co.Ltd Scientific Program(2010YL02)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [method] The tobaccos were divided into two groups treated with two methods and the related indices of treated tobaccos were then measured to evaluate effects of curing methods on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [Result] Tobaccos treated with two methods were all dominated by reddish yellow and yellow; exterior quality differed little. In detail, total sugar and reducing sugar in an average level in three locations were all higher with method A than those with method B, but nicotine and total N were lower; comprehensive chemical components in group with method B proved more appropriate with higher K. In addition, sensory qualities of leaves in moderate and bottom locations were better with method B compared with method A; sensory quality of top leaves was better; comprehensive sensory quality of leaves treated with method B proved better. On the other hand, cost for method A was 2.82 times of method B; the area of sun-curing field was 3.27 times and manage- ment work was 1.77 times, which indicated that method B is low-cost and time-saving, which would be a guarantee of tobacco quality. [Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for rational use of tobacco resources and optimization of sun-curing technology.
基金supported by outstanding science and technology education personnel special funds of Guizhou Province (Specific words in Guizhou Province (2012)No.27)National multipurpose regional geochemical survey Project (GZTR20070110)
文摘Based on the results of multipurpose regional geochemical surveys of the Guizhou Province, geochemical characteristics of soil Se and Se-rich land resources in the central area of Guiyang City were studied and evaluated.Major conclusions are as follows:(1) the Se content in surface soil of the central area of Guiyang City was 0.17–2.89 mg kg^(-1), and the average was 0.78 mg kg^(-1), which were respectively 2.6 and 3.9 times of the national background value of soil and the world background value of soil.The Se content in deep soil was 0.11–1.48 mg kg^(-1), and the average was 0.44 mg kg^(-1), which were respectively 1.5 and2.2 times of the national background value of soil and the world background value of soil. The soil Se content decreased with the increase in the soil depth on the vertical profile, and the surface soil had a higher Se content.(2)Distribution of Se content was mainly affected by parent material, physicochemical properties of soil and other components, soil type, and land use type. Parent material played a key role, as the soil Se content was mainly originated from parent rock and increased with the background value of Se in parent rock, physicochemical properties of soil and other components had certain influences upon the Se content. Se was shown to have a significant linear positive correlation with S and organic carbon but no significant correlation with p H value. Se content varied with different types of soil as follows: skeleton soil > yellow soil > paddy soil > limestone soil > purple soil. Land use type also hadcertain influences upon the soil Se content as follows: dry land > construction land > garden plot > grassland =garden plot > forest land.(3) Taking 0.4 mg kg^(-1)B x(Se) <3.0 mg kg^(-1) as the standard for Se-rich soil, Se-rich soil of the study area covered an area of 2224 km^2 and 92.5% of the total area; the remaining is general soil. The study area had no Se-excess soil. Therefore, the central area of Guiyang City has a high proportion of Se-rich land, a large area of Serich land resources, and a moderate selenium enrichment strength, which have been rarely seen anywhere and provide advantageous resources for the development of Se-rich featured agriculture.
文摘The first modem survey of the Dead Sea was performed by the Geological Survey of Israel in 1959-1960, and the report published remains the baseline study for our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of the lake. At the time the Dead Sea was a meromictic lake with a strong salinity gradient separating the deep waters （〉40 m depth） from the less saline surface waters. A few results of analyses of deeper water samples collected in the 1930s were reported, but overall we have very little information about the structure of the lake＇s water column before the 1959-1960 survey. However, it is little known that data on the physical and the chemical structure of the Dead Sea water column were obtained already in the middle of the 19~ century, and the information collected then is highly relevant for the reconstruction of the limnological properties of the lake in earlier times. The expedition of Lieutenant William Lynch （U.S. Navy） in 1848 reported the presence of a temperature minimum at a depth of-18 m, and also retrieved a water sample collected close to the bottom for chemical analysis. In 1864, the French Dead Sea exploration by the Duc de Luynes and his crew yielded detailed density and salinity profiles for a number of sampling stations. The results of these pioneering studies are discussed here, as well as the sampling equipment and measuring instruments used by the 1848 and the 1864 expeditions.
文摘The objective of present study was to produce poultry feed with a best quality using ternary mixture of industrial wastes： fish industry waste, sugar industry waste （molasses） and yeast waste after 15 d biotransformation using response surface methodology to design and analyze the experiment data. Changes in the nutritional quality and biochemical properties viz., pH, dry matter, conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, trimethylamine, protein, fat, carbohydrate, histamine, aflatoxins and minerals were evaluated during a biotransformation period of 15 d. The experimental findings revealed that the formulation including 50% of fish waste, 12.5% of molasses and 37.50% of yeast waste were found to be best quality poultry waste. It was characterized as odorless, with a stable pH, rich in protein, fat and carbohydrate as well as no alterations of bacteria and absence aflatoxins from the fifth day on ward. The nutritional value of the developed poultry fees was studied on a population of broiler chickens by incorporating with barley flour and eggshell. The product possesses a better nutritional quality comparable to commercially feed.
