The distribution of acid phosphatase activity in nucellar cells of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during degeneration has been studied using the lead precipitation method at the electron microscopic level. Acid phos...The distribution of acid phosphatase activity in nucellar cells of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during degeneration has been studied using the lead precipitation method at the electron microscopic level. Acid phosphatase was localized in the slightly condensed nuclear chromatin in nucellar cells without any sign of ultrastructural degeneration. As the nucellar cells started degenerating, the enzyme activity in the cell was observed, in the order from small vacuoles to cell walls, mitochondria, plastids and endoplasmic reticulum. Enzyme activity was the highest in most components of the nucellar cells adjacent to the embryo sac where the degeneration of nucellar cells was the strongest, but it was not observed in the nuclei of the degenerated nucellar cells. The results indicated that the degeneration of nucellar cells was a progressive and orderly process and supported that the degeneration of nucellar cells was a programmed cell death.展开更多
Arsenic(As)removal from smelting acidic wastewater is an urgent task.The most common method is oxidation of trivalent As(III)to pentavalent As(V)subsequently precipitated by ferric(Fe(III))salts.Foundations of redox b...Arsenic(As)removal from smelting acidic wastewater is an urgent task.The most common method is oxidation of trivalent As(III)to pentavalent As(V)subsequently precipitated by ferric(Fe(III))salts.Foundations of redox behavior and chemical species are of great importance for understanding As removal.In this work,cyclic voltammetry(CV)and UV?Vis spectroscopy were used for laboratory observation;meanwhile HSC and MINTEQ software were employed for theoretical analyses.It is found that As(III)oxidation,a multiple electron transfer reaction,is diffusion-controlled.The oxidation over-potential is very high(about0.9V)in sulfuric acid solutions(pH1.0).In addition,Fe(III)?As(V)complexes are evidenced by UV?Vis spectra and chemical species analyses in series of Fe(III)?As(V)?H2SO4?H2O solutions.Therefore,the Fe(III)and As(V)species distribution against pH values are determined and a newφ?pH diagram with inclusion of Fe?As complexes is consequently compiled based on thermodynamic data predicted by other researchers.展开更多
We investigated the distribution of four enzymes involved in the immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. We collected samples of the tentacles, papillate podium, integument, respiratory tree, and digestive tract an...We investigated the distribution of four enzymes involved in the immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. We collected samples of the tentacles, papillate podium, integument, respiratory tree, and digestive tract and stained them for acid phosphatase （ACP）, alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, non-specific esterase （NSE） and peroxidase （POD） activity. The distribution and content of ACE AKP, NSE, and POD differed among the tissues. The coelomic epithelium of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer of respiratory tree were positive for ACP activity. The coelomic epithelium and cuticular layer of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive or weakly positive for AKP activity. Almost all the epithelial tissues stained positive, strongly positive, or very strongly positive for NSE activity. The cuticular layer of the tentacle and integument and the mucous layer, tunica submucosa, and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive for POD activity. We hypothesize that these enzymes play a role in the immune response in A. japonicus.展开更多
文摘The distribution of acid phosphatase activity in nucellar cells of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during degeneration has been studied using the lead precipitation method at the electron microscopic level. Acid phosphatase was localized in the slightly condensed nuclear chromatin in nucellar cells without any sign of ultrastructural degeneration. As the nucellar cells started degenerating, the enzyme activity in the cell was observed, in the order from small vacuoles to cell walls, mitochondria, plastids and endoplasmic reticulum. Enzyme activity was the highest in most components of the nucellar cells adjacent to the embryo sac where the degeneration of nucellar cells was the strongest, but it was not observed in the nuclei of the degenerated nucellar cells. The results indicated that the degeneration of nucellar cells was a progressive and orderly process and supported that the degeneration of nucellar cells was a programmed cell death.
基金Projects (51304251,51374237) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (201509050) supported by Special Program on Environmental Protection for Public Welfare,China
文摘Arsenic(As)removal from smelting acidic wastewater is an urgent task.The most common method is oxidation of trivalent As(III)to pentavalent As(V)subsequently precipitated by ferric(Fe(III))salts.Foundations of redox behavior and chemical species are of great importance for understanding As removal.In this work,cyclic voltammetry(CV)and UV?Vis spectroscopy were used for laboratory observation;meanwhile HSC and MINTEQ software were employed for theoretical analyses.It is found that As(III)oxidation,a multiple electron transfer reaction,is diffusion-controlled.The oxidation over-potential is very high(about0.9V)in sulfuric acid solutions(pH1.0).In addition,Fe(III)?As(V)complexes are evidenced by UV?Vis spectra and chemical species analyses in series of Fe(III)?As(V)?H2SO4?H2O solutions.Therefore,the Fe(III)and As(V)species distribution against pH values are determined and a newφ?pH diagram with inclusion of Fe?As complexes is consequently compiled based on thermodynamic data predicted by other researchers.
基金Supported by the Special Financed Project from the Basic Public Scientific Research Expenses of Central Scientific Institutes (No GY02-2007B03)
文摘We investigated the distribution of four enzymes involved in the immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. We collected samples of the tentacles, papillate podium, integument, respiratory tree, and digestive tract and stained them for acid phosphatase （ACP）, alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, non-specific esterase （NSE） and peroxidase （POD） activity. The distribution and content of ACE AKP, NSE, and POD differed among the tissues. The coelomic epithelium of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer of respiratory tree were positive for ACP activity. The coelomic epithelium and cuticular layer of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive or weakly positive for AKP activity. Almost all the epithelial tissues stained positive, strongly positive, or very strongly positive for NSE activity. The cuticular layer of the tentacle and integument and the mucous layer, tunica submucosa, and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive for POD activity. We hypothesize that these enzymes play a role in the immune response in A. japonicus.
