The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors w...The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.展开更多
An investigation was conducted to install wind farm to supply electrical power to the village of Ras Munif, the highest elevation in Jordan. The village installed capacity load was found to be 500 kW. A 25 windmills, ...An investigation was conducted to install wind farm to supply electrical power to the village of Ras Munif, the highest elevation in Jordan. The village installed capacity load was found to be 500 kW. A 25 windmills, 20 kW each, forming the wind farm was found to be the best choice to supply the village with 100% of its needed power. The windmills will be spaced 50 meters along an unobstructed continuous wind flow location, along sloping sides of Ras Munif Mountain, alongside service road. The village load bus will be connected directly to both the output of wind farm inverter output bus and to the national grid bus. Both buses supply the needed power. The power flow was found to be supplied by the wind farm, except when the wind speed is low, the village load will be supplied partially or totally by the national grid bus.展开更多
Battery based standalone SHS （solar home systems） are installed in Malawi to expedite rural electrification. A study was conducted to analyze the performance of SHS in low and high insolation areas of Malawi. It is ...Battery based standalone SHS （solar home systems） are installed in Malawi to expedite rural electrification. A study was conducted to analyze the performance of SHS in low and high insolation areas of Malawi. It is found that if the system is designed in accordance to procedures stipulated in Malawi standards, then it is capable of operating annually with mean performance ratio of 0.68, PV array production factor of 0.88 and system efficiency of 78% indicating a good system performance. The system is more reliable in high insulation areas （loss of load probability = 0.09） and when the battery charging is given priority during daytime, the overall system＇s reliability is improved by 40%. However, if the system is under-designed its performance ratio is reduced considerably and the system becomes less reliable. In overall, SHS in Malawi perform reliably if the system is well designed and maintained.展开更多
文摘The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.
文摘An investigation was conducted to install wind farm to supply electrical power to the village of Ras Munif, the highest elevation in Jordan. The village installed capacity load was found to be 500 kW. A 25 windmills, 20 kW each, forming the wind farm was found to be the best choice to supply the village with 100% of its needed power. The windmills will be spaced 50 meters along an unobstructed continuous wind flow location, along sloping sides of Ras Munif Mountain, alongside service road. The village load bus will be connected directly to both the output of wind farm inverter output bus and to the national grid bus. Both buses supply the needed power. The power flow was found to be supplied by the wind farm, except when the wind speed is low, the village load will be supplied partially or totally by the national grid bus.
文摘Battery based standalone SHS （solar home systems） are installed in Malawi to expedite rural electrification. A study was conducted to analyze the performance of SHS in low and high insolation areas of Malawi. It is found that if the system is designed in accordance to procedures stipulated in Malawi standards, then it is capable of operating annually with mean performance ratio of 0.68, PV array production factor of 0.88 and system efficiency of 78% indicating a good system performance. The system is more reliable in high insulation areas （loss of load probability = 0.09） and when the battery charging is given priority during daytime, the overall system＇s reliability is improved by 40%. However, if the system is under-designed its performance ratio is reduced considerably and the system becomes less reliable. In overall, SHS in Malawi perform reliably if the system is well designed and maintained.
