中国炼油转型化工现状及发展约束因素的思考

中国炼油行业总体产能过剩,受国家宏观调控、资源限制、经济发展需要等因素影响,炼油向化工转型已是大势所趋。本文从化工产能的供需两侧,对炼化相关限定因素,包括开工率、化工轻油收率、近远期石化产品需求、新建化工产能进行了详细梳理核算。文章指出,中国炼油向化工转型近期受装置竞争力限制,远期受需求最大量约束。在现有开工率、新建计划等约束下,2025年炼厂平均化工轻油收率将提升至20.6%。随着,炼油化工产能的集中投建,化工原料供应能力快速提升,化工产能的容量天花板或在国家“十四五计划”期间提前到来。综合中国、美国、日本和韩国人均化工产品历史消费数据情况,文章预计我国化工轻油的最大年需求量为3.29亿吨,远期中国炼厂整体平均化工轻油收率在41%左右。

Integrated Assessment of Environmental and Economic Performance of Chemical Products Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

With the increasing public consciousness on environmental issues, chemical products and process designs require simultaneous satisfaction and compromise of environmental and economical requirements. To fulfill the two conflicting while complementary objectives, a systematic approach for life cycle design of a chemical product is proposed in this article. Multiattribute decision-making is adopted in a trade-off consideration of both technical economical evaluation and environmental impacts assessment using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） approach. On the basis of an evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria multicriteria decision making is performed. In this study, an AHP model is used to derive single a criteria score by analyzing the environmental impact and life cycle cost of a product, respectively. And a fluctuant weight analysis is put forth to calculate the integrated index of the product to enable products to be ranked or selected intuitionally and conveniently. The proposed AHP model has been applied to a case study, a comparative study on chamber cleaning with NF3 and C2F6. The resuits show that the protposed AHP model is Capable of providing a rational and relevant evaluation.

基于标准化汽车工厂的精益规划管理

标准化汽车工厂的建设是一项庞大的工程,精益规划管理在其中起到了重要的作用。首先,通过对工艺车间进行科学布局、使用数字化规划工具和整体化能源管理为工厂的高效运作提供了前提条件;其次,在原有项目经验上,对新工厂的组织架构和汇报机制进行完善,为项目的顺利进行形成了坚实后盾;另外,为了弥补新工厂技术先进、员工经验不足的情况,开展了多种方式联合培训,为工厂的未来发展培养专业技术及管理人才。自2010年标准化工厂的精益规划管理实行以来,其成果得到了各方的广泛肯定,为企业实现产能提升提供了有力的保证。

The Study on Energy Chemical Industry Clustering in Shaanxi

Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to continue the development. For mineral resources property not clear present situation, proposed the resource sharing of the Shaanxi energy base mechanisms, mainly including mineral resources property division, energy and natural resources management enterprise shareholding system of depreciation of the mechanism.

China＇s Industrial Transition and Upgrade to Sustainable Growth Model

China＇s transition to sustainable growth model in the coming years depends on the ability of its industrial sector to adapt and innovate. In the llth Five-Year Plan period, China entered the intermediate stage of industrialization and crossed the threshold to become a middle-income country. China＇s current industrial structure, therefore, which is still characteristic of early-stage industrialization, must transition to support intermediate and advanced industrialization. Although resource constraints will pose certain hurdles for this transition, the pressure of these constraints will ultimately serve to catalyze, rather than impede, sustainable industrial growth. Furthermore, industrial transition and upgrade will mean not only changes for the nation＇s industrial structure as a whole but also rethinking the strategic possibilities and direction of industry at the enterprise level. The key to success rests on China＇s ability to improve indigenous development and boost competitive advantage in international markets through the use of new, advanced technologies.

Re-measuring Productivity, Energy and Environmental Factors of China＇s New Industrialization

This paper identifies low-carbon, energy-efficient, and green economic growth as the primary goals of China＇s new industrialization and defines productivity under new industrialization which; unlike conventional productivity, simultaneously satisfies these goals. In contrast to conventional methods for measuring productivity, this paper employs a non-radial, non-angular SBM directional distance function to estimate new industrialization productivity of industrial sectors across 30 Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions between 1998 and 2008. Our research shows that conventional measurements of productivity overestimate industrial growth in China＇s central and western regions. On the whole, prospects for growth performance of China＇s industrial sectors are not optimistic. The degree of new industrialization is higher in eastern region than in central and western regions, where balancing industrial growth with resources and the environment is a daunting task. This paper＇s conclusions support ＂environmental Kuznets curve＂ and ＂Porter hypothesis＂ but reject ＂pollution asylum hypothesis ＂.

A paradigm-based evolution of chemical engineering

A short presentation of chemical engineering evolution,as guided by its paradigms,is exposed.The first paradigm–unit operations–has emerged as a necessity of systematization due to the explosion of chemical industrial applications at the end of 19th century.The birth in the late 1950s of the second paradigm–transport phenomena–was the consequence of the need for a deep,scienti fic knowledge of the phenomena that explain what happens inside of unit operations.In the second part of 20th century,the importance of chemical product properties and qualities has become essentially in the market fights.Accordingly,it was required with additional and even new fundamental approaches,and product engineering was recognized as the third paradigm.Nowadays chemical industry,as a huge materials and energy consumer,and with a strong ecological impact,couldn't remain outside of sustainability requirements.The basics of the fourth paradigm–sustainable chemical engineering–are now formulated.

Energy and Autohydrolysis By-Products from Industrial Crops

The world is experiencing a growing shortage of raw materials which is especially severe in the energy sector and being worsened by the unfavorable environmental impact of a consumerist cultttre revolving around the exploitation of non-renewable resources. In this work, the calorific value and chemical composition of liquors resulting from the autohydrolysis of six different lignocellulosic materials was determined （Eucalyptus globulus, Arundo donax, Leucaena diversifolia, Paulownia fortunei, Sunflower stalks and Chamaecytisus proliferus） and was assessed for the obtainment of energy, sugars and other chemical products by using of integral fractionation based on autohydrolysis. Autohydrolysis processes have been considered interesting in the case of timber species studied compared with herbaceous species with variations in the extraction of the xylan fraction at 180℃ between 19.68% for Eucalyptus globulus and 36.79% for Leucaena diversifolia and 200℃ between 57.86% for Paulawniafortunei and 79.13 % for Chamaecytisusproliferus. In general, all materials show a solid fraction ＂more energy＂ from the hydrolysis to 200℃ than 180℃ and raw materials. It is interesting as the potential economy valuation of the liquid fractions of the hydrolysis, the solid waste recovery present more energetic profitability.

Industrial Carbon Emissions Status and Analysis Based on Energy Consumption

With frequent disastrous weathers and increasingly prominent GHG effects in recent years, normal existence and development of mankind are facing unprecedented threats and challenges. GHG emissions mitigation for the global climate changes has been the focus of concern of the world. As the biggest developing country and the second largest country of carbon-emission, China attaches importance to the carbon emission reduction. The major GHG component is carbon dioxide and in China, the emis- sion of carbon dioxide is mainly from industrial production. In the paper, the status and trend of Coz emission from industrial departments, high-carbon emission and its specific industries are shown in statistics. Meanwhile, the policy environment, industrial organization structure and technology of carbon high emission are all discussed based on practical situations in these departments and industries. At the end, through the analysis of gray correlation, correlativity is explored for both fossil energy consumption and total carbon emission, and also for the production value and carbon emission of each industrial sector. Some policy proposals for the establishment of low-carbon industries and transition of economic development pattern are set forth.