Despite improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the overall mortality rates in pan- creatic cancer have generally remained relatively un-changed and the 5-year survival rate is actually below 2%...Despite improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the overall mortality rates in pan- creatic cancer have generally remained relatively un-changed and the 5-year survival rate is actually below 2%. This paper will address the importance of achieving an early diagnosis and identifying markers for prog- nosis and response to therapy such as genes, proteins, microP, NAs or epigenetic modifications. However, there are still major hurdles when translating investigational biomarkers into routine clinical practice. Furthermore, novel ways of secondary screening in high-risk individu- als, such as artificial neural networks and modern imaging, will be discussed. Drug resistance is ubiquitous in pancreatic cancer. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have already been revealed, including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 status, multidrug resistance proteins, aberrant signaling pathways, mi-croRNAs, stromal influence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-type cells and recently the presence of can- cer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells. These factors must be considered when developing more customized types of intervention （＇personalized medicine＇S. In the future, multifunctional nanoparticles that combine a specific targeting agent, an imaging probe, a cell-penetrating agent, a biocompatible polymer and an anti-cancer drug may become valuable for the management of pa- tients with pancreatic cancer.展开更多
From the perspective of Cognitive Grammar, this study investigates the semantic characteristics of, as well as the respective constraints on, the three （schematic） components of the Chinese ba-construction that are ...From the perspective of Cognitive Grammar, this study investigates the semantic characteristics of, as well as the respective constraints on, the three （schematic） components of the Chinese ba-construction that are essential in its constructional meaning, namely the pre-posed object, the main verb, and the resultative component, and concludes that the Chinese bd--construction describes a transition between two states of affairs, either intended or actualized, with the post- transitional state being the focus of attention, and that the semantic characteristics of its component structures, the main verb, the pre-posed object, and the resultative component in particular, synergistically contribute to the accentuation of this constructional meaning： the lexical aspect of the main verb signals the potential for transition; the high degree of specificity of the pre-posed object conserves cognitive resources as well as measures out the process denoted by the main verb; and the rich forms and the almost obligatory presence of the resultative component specify the post-transitional state and command the bearer＇s attention.展开更多
文摘Despite improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the overall mortality rates in pan- creatic cancer have generally remained relatively un-changed and the 5-year survival rate is actually below 2%. This paper will address the importance of achieving an early diagnosis and identifying markers for prog- nosis and response to therapy such as genes, proteins, microP, NAs or epigenetic modifications. However, there are still major hurdles when translating investigational biomarkers into routine clinical practice. Furthermore, novel ways of secondary screening in high-risk individu- als, such as artificial neural networks and modern imaging, will be discussed. Drug resistance is ubiquitous in pancreatic cancer. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have already been revealed, including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 status, multidrug resistance proteins, aberrant signaling pathways, mi-croRNAs, stromal influence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-type cells and recently the presence of can- cer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells. These factors must be considered when developing more customized types of intervention （＇personalized medicine＇S. In the future, multifunctional nanoparticles that combine a specific targeting agent, an imaging probe, a cell-penetrating agent, a biocompatible polymer and an anti-cancer drug may become valuable for the management of pa- tients with pancreatic cancer.
文摘From the perspective of Cognitive Grammar, this study investigates the semantic characteristics of, as well as the respective constraints on, the three （schematic） components of the Chinese ba-construction that are essential in its constructional meaning, namely the pre-posed object, the main verb, and the resultative component, and concludes that the Chinese bd--construction describes a transition between two states of affairs, either intended or actualized, with the post- transitional state being the focus of attention, and that the semantic characteristics of its component structures, the main verb, the pre-posed object, and the resultative component in particular, synergistically contribute to the accentuation of this constructional meaning： the lexical aspect of the main verb signals the potential for transition; the high degree of specificity of the pre-posed object conserves cognitive resources as well as measures out the process denoted by the main verb; and the rich forms and the almost obligatory presence of the resultative component specify the post-transitional state and command the bearer＇s attention.
