1990年上海市化工局技术进展

一、前言1990年上海市化工局广大干部、职工认真贯彻治理整顿和深化改革的方针,遵照上海市委、市政府提出关于“一要稳定、二要鼓劲”的精神,努力克服市场疲软、资金紧缺等严重困难,振奋精神,积极调整产品结构,不断适应市场需求,加快产品开发、加强技术改造、努力增加产品出口,使全局生产稳步发展,各项工作都取得了新的进展。

农药科研铸丰碑——沈阳化工研究院建院70周年撷英

拨开岁月的浮尘,翻开红色的记忆,一个叫“东北化工局研究室”的地方,印证着我们党领导科研事业的高瞻远瞩,孕育着新中国化学工业的锦绣未来。创建于1949年1月8日的这个地方,就是今天的沈阳化工研究院(简称沈阳院)。五星红旗的专用染料在这里研发,抗美援朝的杀虫剂在这里研制,新中国的化工科研体系在这里初见雏形。

重视经济活动分析 不断发展商品生产

在现阶段,我们应以什么样的生产目标发展商品生产,以什么样的经营战略搞活经济,以什么样的资金运动取得效益等问题,已直接摆在每个企业的面前。企业主管部门开展经济活动分析,就是要通过调查研究,帮助企业较好的解决这些问题。我们的具体作法如下: 一、指导企业制定正确的经营方针,促进提高经营决策水平。1988年初,由于主要化工原料紧缺、价格猛涨,直接影响化工企业的生产。在经济活动分析中我们发现两个问题:一是担心原材料价高,企业承受不了;二是发现过去对经销人员的奖惩方法不尽合理。针对以上问题我们在经济活动分析会上算了两笔帐:第一笔帐是以磷肥厂为例,假如停产一个月,其直接损失为69.30万元。

A Hybrid Improved Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Dynamic Optimization Problems of Chemical Processes

The solutions of dynamic optimization problems are usually very difficult due to their highly nonlinear and multidimensional nature. 13enetic algorithm （GA） has been proved to be a teasibte method when the gradient is difficult to calculate. Its advantage is that the control profiles at all time stages are optimized simultaneously, but its convergence is very slow in the later period of evolution and it is easily trapped in the local optimum. In this study, a hybrid improved genetic algorithm （HIGA） for solving dynamic optimization problems is proposed to overcome these defects. Simplex method （SM） is used to perform the local search in the neighborhood of the optimal solution. By using SM, the ideal searching direction of global optimal solution could be found as soon as possible and the convergence speed of the algorithm is improved. The hybrid algorithm presents some improvements, such as protecting the best individual, accepting immigrations, as well as employing adaptive crossover and Ganssian mutation operators. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by solving several dynamic optimization problems. At last, HIGA is applied to the optimal production of secreted protein in a fed batch reactor and the optimal feed-rate found by HIGA is effective and relatively stable.

Digital Transformation:Reshaping China’s Development Landscape

The Chinese economy is currently undergoing a digital transformation.New growth drivers are replacing old ones,creating a new development landscape.Countries with strong digital industries will be the first to reap the benefits of digitalization.For China,the transformation to a digital economy is both of inevitability and heterogeneity fueled by dual circulations.Crowded out from more skill-based digitalized sectors,less-skilled labor moves to less digitalized sectors.New capital,industries and technology clusters emerge as new drivers of manufacturing and service sector development.With its large domestic market and industrial competitiveness,China has fostered a new development landscape of“dual circulations”.

An Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Chemical Plant Layout Optimization with Novel Non-overlapping and Toxic Gas Dispersion Constraints

New approaches for facility distribution in chemical plants are proposed including an improved non-overlapping constraint based on projection relationships of facilities and a novel toxic gas dispersion constraint. In consideration of the large number of variables in the plant layout model, our new method can significantly reduce the number of variables with their own projection relationships. Also, as toxic gas dispersion is a usual incident in a chemical plant, a simple approach to describe the gas leakage is proposed, which can clearly represent the constraints of potential emission source and sitting facilities. For solving the plant layout model, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) based on infeasible solution fix technique is proposed, which improves the globe search ability of GA. The case study and experiment show that a better layout plan can be obtained with our method, and the safety factors such as gas dispersion and minimum distances can be well handled in the solution.

Dynamic collision avoidance for cooperative fixed-wing UAV swarm based on normalized artificial potential field optimization

Cooperative path planning is an important area in fixed-wing UAV swarm.However,avoiding multiple timevarying obstacles and avoiding local optimum are two challenges for existing approaches in a dynamic environment.Firstly,a normalized artificial potential field optimization is proposed by reconstructing a novel function with anisotropy in each dimension,which can make the flight speed of a fixed UAV swarm independent of the repulsive/attractive gain coefficient and avoid trapping into local optimization and local oscillation.Then,taking into account minimum velocity and turning angular velocity of fixed-wing UAV swarm,a strategy of decomposing target vector to avoid moving obstacles and pop-up threats is proposed.Finally,several simulations are carried out to illustrate superiority and effectiveness.

Improved Hybrid Differential Evolution-Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Feasibility Rules for NLP/MINLP Engineering Optimization Problems

In this paper, an improved hybrid differential evolution-estimation of distribution algorithm (IHDE-EDA) is proposed for nonlinear programming (NLP) and mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models in engineering optimization fields. In order to improve the global searching ability and convergence speed, IHDE-EDA takes full advantage of differential information and global statistical information extracted respectively from differential evolution algorithm and annealing mechanism-embedded estimation of distribution algorithm. Moreover, the feasibility rules are used to handle constraints, which do not require additional parameters and can guide the population to the feasible region quickly. The effectiveness of hybridization mechanism of IHDE-EDA is first discussed, and then simulation and comparison based on three benchmark problems demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy and robustness of IHDE-EDA. Finally, optimization on an industrial-size scheduling of two-pipeline crude oil blending problem shows the practical applicability of IHDE-EDA.

A Graph-based Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling

This paper considers an ant colony optimization algorithm based on AND/OR graph for integrated process planning and scheduling(IPPS). Generally, the process planning and scheduling are studied separately. Due to the complexity of manufacturing system, IPPS combining both process planning and scheduling can depict the real situation of a manufacturing system. The IPPS is represented on AND/OR graph consisting of nodes, and undirected and directed arcs. The nodes denote operations of jobs, and undirected/directed arcs denote possible visiting path among the nodes. Ant colony goes through the necessary nodes on the graph from the starting node to the end node to obtain the optimal solution with the objective of minimizing makespan. In order to avoid local convergence and low convergence, some improved strategy is incorporated in the standard ant colony optimization algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are carried out to study the influence of various parameters on the system performance.

Studies of layout of world machine tools industry based on patent analysis

As the foundation of an industrialized country nowadays,machine tools industry is regarded as the engine of industrial development of a country.The developed countries,such as USA,Germany and Japan,have widely deployed the technology of using the patent in order to keep their strength in various fields.This research examins the CNC machine tools industry in the world by using the patent analysis method.It first gives an overview about the world patent application in CNC machine tools industry from 1963 to 2010 and divides the development of the industry into five stages.It also lists the patent application of the world top 20 countries,where the top 5 countries are compared.The patents of the world top 10 companies of machine tools manufacturers are mapped according to the international patent classification(IPC),and the future trends of world machine tools industry are discussed.Finally conclusions and suggestions are presented.

何荦访谈录

何荦,1917年生,江苏昆山人。青年时曾在上海布店当店员。1937年11月参加上海职业界救亡协会,1938年5月加入中国共产党,后在'孤岛'从事职工抗日活动。1942年到淮南抗日根据地华中局城市工作部培训班学习,次年到华中情报部任政治交通。1946年后历任华中联络部秘书科长、华东局统战部材料科长、华东局统战局一室外勤科长等职。新中国成立后任上海市公安局社会处科长、水上分局局长、市局办公室副主任等职。潘扬冤案发生,受到牵连,后调任安徽省公安厅副处长、省政府办公厅秘书处长。文革中又受冲击、迫害。1972午到安徽省化工局任顾问。党的三中全会后,任《安徽日报》社党委副书记。上海、安徽两地都为他彻底平反。1983年离休。

An enhanced hybrid and adaptive meta-model based global optimization algorithm for engineering optimization problems

Due to the good balance between high efficiency and accuracy, meta-model based optimization algorithm is an important global optimization category and has been widely applied. To better solve the highly nonlinear and computation intensive en- gineering optimization problems, an enhanced hybrid and adaptive meta-model based global optimization （E-HAM） is first proposed in this work. Important region update method （IRU） and different sampling size strategies are proposed in the opti- mization method to enhance the performance. By applying self-moving and scaling strategy, the important region will be up- dated adaptively according to the search results to improve the resulting precision and convergence rate. Rough sampling strategy and intensive sampling strategy are applied at different stages of the optimization to improve the search efficiently and avoid results prematurely gathering in a small design space. The effectiveness of the new optimization algorithm is verified by comparing to six optimization methods with different variables bench mark optimization problems. The E-HAM optimization method is then applied to optimize the design parameters of the practical negative Poisson＇s ratio （NPR） crash box in this work. The results indicate that the proposed E-HAM has high accuracy and efficiency in optimizing the computation intensive prob- lems and can be widely used in engineering industry.