CO2 is not only the most important greenhouse gas but also an important resource of elemental carbon and oxygen.From the perspective of resource and energy strategy,the conversion of CO2 to chemicals driven by renewab...CO2 is not only the most important greenhouse gas but also an important resource of elemental carbon and oxygen.From the perspective of resource and energy strategy,the conversion of CO2 to chemicals driven by renewable energy is of significance,since it can not only reduce carbon emission by the utilization of CO2 as feedstock but also store low-grade renewable energy as high energy density chemical energy.Although studies on photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 using renewable energy are increasing,artificial bioconversion of CO2 as an important novel pathway to synthesize chemicals has attracted more and more attention.By simulating the natural photosynthesis process of plants and microorganisms,the artificial bioconversion of CO2 can efficiently synthesize chemicals via a designed and constructed artificial photosynthesis system.This review focuses on the recent advancements in artificial bioreduction of CO2,including the key techniques,and artificial biosynthesis of compounds with different carbon numbers.On the basis of the aforementioned discussions,we present the prospects for further development of artificial bioconversion of CO2 to chemicals.展开更多
In recent years China has seen speedy development of its ethylene industry. Compared to other advanced countries the per capita ethylene consumption in China is still low. With successive startup of grassroots ethylen...In recent years China has seen speedy development of its ethylene industry. Compared to other advanced countries the per capita ethylene consumption in China is still low. With successive startup of grassroots ethylene projects in China after 2006 and debottlenecking and expansion of existing ethylene units China will be confronted with the major issues related with increase of feedstocks for steam cracking. Naphtha is the main feedstock for producing ethylene, and the hydrocracked tail oil is increasing its share in the steam cracker feedstock pool over recent years. This article has analyzed the possibility for maximization of steam cracking feedstock and estimated steam cracker feedstock output based on processing 5 Mt/a of different crudes including the mixed crude transferred through Lu-Ning pipeline and Arabian light crude using corresponding process technologies at the refinery.展开更多
Many important advances in forest biotechnology have been made. The use of genetic transformation and the ap-plications of transgenic trees in modern forestry is now an important field. Two basic methodologies particl...Many important advances in forest biotechnology have been made. The use of genetic transformation and the ap-plications of transgenic trees in modern forestry is now an important field. Two basic methodologies particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been used on conifers. However, routine procedures exist for only a limited number of conifers. As a result only a few species have been successfully transformed into stable transgenic plants. The use of a particle bombardment has been more successful and transgenic plants have been produced in Picea abies, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, and Pinus radiata, although the level of production of stable transgenic plants is lower than that of Agrobacte-rium. At present, breeding programs have been directed toward improving bole shape, growth rate, wood properties, and quality, as well as toward improving root and shoot performance, pest resistance, stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, and ability to resist stresses, which will drive forestry to enter a new era of productivity and quality. This article provides a brief overview of the current state of knowledge on genetic transformation in conifers.展开更多
1 INTRODUCTIONThe concentration distribution of reactant in porouscatalyst pellet not only is the basis of calculating theeffectiveness factor,but also has a great significancein investigating the reaction and mass tr...1 INTRODUCTIONThe concentration distribution of reactant in porouscatalyst pellet not only is the basis of calculating theeffectiveness factor,but also has a great significancein investigating the reaction and mass transfer in thecatalyst pellet.In principle,the concentration distri-bution and the effectiveness factor of a catalyst pelletcan be obtained by solving the reaction-diffusion equation.However,most of the differential equations haveno analytical solution except for some simple cases.The previous investigators have made great efforts to calculate the effectiveness factors of catalysts.They first obtained asymptotic solutions of effective-ness factor in the cases of the Thiele modulus φ→Oand φ→oo by means of perturbation method,thensynthesized the information of the asymptotic solu-展开更多
The present paper introduces the development of FCC flue gas SOx transfer additives by RIPP with a brief discussion of SOx transfer mechanism. The second-generation SO transfer additives of the RFS series are RIPP＇s ...The present paper introduces the development of FCC flue gas SOx transfer additives by RIPP with a brief discussion of SOx transfer mechanism. The second-generation SO transfer additives of the RFS series are RIPP＇s proprietary additives with significantly improved performances. The results of commercial tests indicate that the RFS additive can effectively control SO emission of the FCC regenerator while maintaining product yields and product quality when the additive is used in a proper concentra- tion range.展开更多
To obtain the optimal process parameters of stamping forming, finite element analysis and optimization technique were integrated via transforming multi-objective issue into a single-objective issue. A Pareto-based gen...To obtain the optimal process parameters of stamping forming, finite element analysis and optimization technique were integrated via transforming multi-objective issue into a single-objective issue. A Pareto-based genetic algorithm was applied to optimizing the head stamping forming process. In the proposed optimal model, fracture, wrinkle and thickness varying are a function of several factors, such as fillet radius, draw-bead position, blank size and blank-holding force. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the objective functions and the variables in order to make objective functions varying minimized simultaneously. Firstly, the central composite experimental(CCD) with four factors and five levels was applied, and the experimental data based on the central composite experimental were acquired. Then, the response surface model(RSM) was set up and the results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) show that it is reliable to predict the fracture, wrinkle and thickness varying functions by the response surface model. Finally, a Pareto-based genetic algorithm was used to find out a set of Pareto front, which makes fracture, wrinkle and thickness varying minimized integrally. A head stamping case indicates that the present method has higher precision and practicability compared with the "trial and error" procedure.展开更多
Nowadays, China under the background of economic transition, the process of urbanization and industrialization is speeding up, people＇s living and working under increasing pressure. Meanwhile, due to various reasons,...Nowadays, China under the background of economic transition, the process of urbanization and industrialization is speeding up, people＇s living and working under increasing pressure. Meanwhile, due to various reasons, our enterprises have not yet fully out of the shadow of the economic crisis, the development of small and medium enterprises are facing various bottlenecks. In this study, incentive theory put forward a more systematic incentive policy from the perspective of positive psychology. On personal level, training employee＇s positive personality, inspiring their self-efficacy, providing multi-faceted training, all this can contribute to positive psychological capital. At the organizational level, by building a positive organizational culture and creating an organizational relationship full of love to contribute to good incentive effect.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91745114, 21802160)the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0202800)+2 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1425700)Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Innovation Research Program (Y756812ZZ1(172002),Y756803ZZ1(171003))the support from the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences~~
文摘CO2 is not only the most important greenhouse gas but also an important resource of elemental carbon and oxygen.From the perspective of resource and energy strategy,the conversion of CO2 to chemicals driven by renewable energy is of significance,since it can not only reduce carbon emission by the utilization of CO2 as feedstock but also store low-grade renewable energy as high energy density chemical energy.Although studies on photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 using renewable energy are increasing,artificial bioconversion of CO2 as an important novel pathway to synthesize chemicals has attracted more and more attention.By simulating the natural photosynthesis process of plants and microorganisms,the artificial bioconversion of CO2 can efficiently synthesize chemicals via a designed and constructed artificial photosynthesis system.This review focuses on the recent advancements in artificial bioreduction of CO2,including the key techniques,and artificial biosynthesis of compounds with different carbon numbers.On the basis of the aforementioned discussions,we present the prospects for further development of artificial bioconversion of CO2 to chemicals.
文摘In recent years China has seen speedy development of its ethylene industry. Compared to other advanced countries the per capita ethylene consumption in China is still low. With successive startup of grassroots ethylene projects in China after 2006 and debottlenecking and expansion of existing ethylene units China will be confronted with the major issues related with increase of feedstocks for steam cracking. Naphtha is the main feedstock for producing ethylene, and the hydrocracked tail oil is increasing its share in the steam cracker feedstock pool over recent years. This article has analyzed the possibility for maximization of steam cracking feedstock and estimated steam cracker feedstock output based on processing 5 Mt/a of different crudes including the mixed crude transferred through Lu-Ning pipeline and Arabian light crude using corresponding process technologies at the refinery.
文摘Many important advances in forest biotechnology have been made. The use of genetic transformation and the ap-plications of transgenic trees in modern forestry is now an important field. Two basic methodologies particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been used on conifers. However, routine procedures exist for only a limited number of conifers. As a result only a few species have been successfully transformed into stable transgenic plants. The use of a particle bombardment has been more successful and transgenic plants have been produced in Picea abies, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, and Pinus radiata, although the level of production of stable transgenic plants is lower than that of Agrobacte-rium. At present, breeding programs have been directed toward improving bole shape, growth rate, wood properties, and quality, as well as toward improving root and shoot performance, pest resistance, stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, and ability to resist stresses, which will drive forestry to enter a new era of productivity and quality. This article provides a brief overview of the current state of knowledge on genetic transformation in conifers.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province.
文摘1 INTRODUCTIONThe concentration distribution of reactant in porouscatalyst pellet not only is the basis of calculating theeffectiveness factor,but also has a great significancein investigating the reaction and mass transfer in thecatalyst pellet.In principle,the concentration distri-bution and the effectiveness factor of a catalyst pelletcan be obtained by solving the reaction-diffusion equation.However,most of the differential equations haveno analytical solution except for some simple cases.The previous investigators have made great efforts to calculate the effectiveness factors of catalysts.They first obtained asymptotic solutions of effective-ness factor in the cases of the Thiele modulus φ→Oand φ→oo by means of perturbation method,thensynthesized the information of the asymptotic solu-
文摘The present paper introduces the development of FCC flue gas SOx transfer additives by RIPP with a brief discussion of SOx transfer mechanism. The second-generation SO transfer additives of the RFS series are RIPP＇s proprietary additives with significantly improved performances. The results of commercial tests indicate that the RFS additive can effectively control SO emission of the FCC regenerator while maintaining product yields and product quality when the additive is used in a proper concentra- tion range.
基金Project(2012ZX04010-081) supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘To obtain the optimal process parameters of stamping forming, finite element analysis and optimization technique were integrated via transforming multi-objective issue into a single-objective issue. A Pareto-based genetic algorithm was applied to optimizing the head stamping forming process. In the proposed optimal model, fracture, wrinkle and thickness varying are a function of several factors, such as fillet radius, draw-bead position, blank size and blank-holding force. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the objective functions and the variables in order to make objective functions varying minimized simultaneously. Firstly, the central composite experimental(CCD) with four factors and five levels was applied, and the experimental data based on the central composite experimental were acquired. Then, the response surface model(RSM) was set up and the results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) show that it is reliable to predict the fracture, wrinkle and thickness varying functions by the response surface model. Finally, a Pareto-based genetic algorithm was used to find out a set of Pareto front, which makes fracture, wrinkle and thickness varying minimized integrally. A head stamping case indicates that the present method has higher precision and practicability compared with the "trial and error" procedure.
文摘Nowadays, China under the background of economic transition, the process of urbanization and industrialization is speeding up, people＇s living and working under increasing pressure. Meanwhile, due to various reasons, our enterprises have not yet fully out of the shadow of the economic crisis, the development of small and medium enterprises are facing various bottlenecks. In this study, incentive theory put forward a more systematic incentive policy from the perspective of positive psychology. On personal level, training employee＇s positive personality, inspiring their self-efficacy, providing multi-faceted training, all this can contribute to positive psychological capital. At the organizational level, by building a positive organizational culture and creating an organizational relationship full of love to contribute to good incentive effect.
