卵圆细胞恶性转化相关差异性甲基化基因的筛选及验证

目的通过对卵圆细胞恶性转化相关差异性甲基化基因的筛选及验证,初步探索卵圆细胞发生恶性转化的表观遗传学调控机制。方法利用简化甲基化测序(Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing,RRBS)对转染肝细胞癌基因HBV X(HBX)发生恶性转化的卵圆细胞(HBX⁃LE6)与正常大鼠肝卵圆细胞(LE6)进行甲基化测序,获得差异性甲基化区域(Differen⁃tially methylated region,DMR)与相关差异性甲基化基因(Differentially methylated gene,DMG),通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real⁃time qPCR)、蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)、甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(methylation specific polymerase chain reaction,MSP)进行检测,验证甲基化对DMG表达的调控作用。结果共筛选相关DMR 1434个,其中高甲基化DMR 623个(位于启动子128个);低甲基化DMR 811个(位于启动子216个),DMG共1987个。挑选启动子均存在高甲基化DMR的相关基因如泛素特异性蛋白酶18基因(USP18)、有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶6(MAP3K6)、SWI/SNF染色质重塑复合物(SMARCB1)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、肿瘤抑制因子(CYLD)、环指蛋白39(RNF39)、含16的锌指和BTB结构域蛋白(ZBTB16)、同源异型盒基因D8(HOXD8)进行验证。USP18、SMRCB1、CYLD、ZBTB16在LE6和HBX⁃LE6中的mRNA相对表达量分别为[(4.50±0.43),(2.09±0.18)]、[(7.34±0.11),(2.57±0.29)]、[(7.30±0.27),(3.44±0.13)]、[(7.01±0.06),(1.29±0.32)],与LE6相比,其在HBX⁃LE6中表达显著下调(P<0.05)。与LE6相比,SMARCB1在HBX⁃LE6中的蛋白表达明显下降[(6.26±0.25)比(1.53±0.34),P<0.05]。USP18、ZBTB1、CYLD的蛋白表达在三组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5⁃Aza⁃CdR对HBX⁃LE6细胞干预后,MSP证实SMARCB1在HBX⁃LE6中的高甲基化被5⁃Aza⁃CdR抑制,其mRNA与蛋白表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05)。结论DNA甲基化参与卵圆细胞恶性转化的表观遗传学调控机制,DNA高甲基化下调卵圆细胞中抑癌基因SMARCB1可能参与了癌变的过程,但机制仍需要进一步研究明确。

城镇化战略与农民增收——一个收入的协同效应

文章假定四川省和浙江省分别施行以政策为导向和以工业化为导向的城镇化战略。选用两省2000~2015年的数据,通过实证分析发现：虽然两省的城镇化对农民增收都会产生积极的影响,但无论从短期还是从长期来看,以工业化为导向的浙江城镇化发展战略对农民收入增长的影响都明显地高于四川省;四川和浙江的城镇化与农民增收分别存在单向和双向Granger原因。最后站在收入结构视角下,提出完全依靠政策导向的城镇化战略对农民收入可持续增长促进的不足,并提炼出浙江省城镇化战略对农民收入增长的关键模式,即收入的协同效应。

企业文化融入校园文化可行性初探

本文主要是对企业文化和校园文化的论述，以及他们的差异性进行阐述，从而探索企业文化融入校园文化可行性。

Optimality of Group Testing with Differential Misclassification

Group testing is a method that can be used to estimate the prevalence of rare infectious diseases,which can effectively save time and reduce costs compared to the method of random sampling.However,previous literature only demonstrated the optimality of group testing strategy while estimating prevalence under some strong assumptions.This article weakens the assumption of misclassification rate in the previous literature,considers the misclassification rate of the infected samples as a differentiable function of the pool size,and explores some optimal properties of group testing for estimating prevalence in the presence of differential misclassification conforming to this assumption.This article theoretically demonstrates that the group testing strategy performs better than the sample by sample procedure in estimating disease prevalence when the total number of sample pools is given or the size of the test population is determined.Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of group tests in estimating prevalence in the presence of dilution effect.

A Study of ISA in Chinese Cultural Communication

The paper tentatively studies the function of the indirect speech act in Chinese cultural communication, namely, domestic communication. Two aspects are shown in this paper： communication between people of different social status, genders and casual relationships, and communication between people of same social status, genders and close relationships. Therefore, the study result can be concluded like this： whether the use of indirect speech act is successful or not always influences people＇s communication significantly.

Comparison on the Chemical Compositions in the K326 Tobacco from Different Tobacco-planting Areas of Yunnan Province

[Objective] To compare the regional differences of the conventional chemi- cal compositions in the K326 B2F tobacco from different tobacco-planting areas of Yunnan Province. [Methed] Continuous flow analyzer was used to detect the con- ventional chemical compositions, and SPSS 17.0 statistical package was used to conduct data statistical analysis and variance analysis. [Result] Significant differences were existed among most of the indicators for conventional chemical compositions of K326 tobacco in different areas： the differences of total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine reached a high Significant level; potassium ion and total nitrogen differences reached a significant level, while there was no significant difference in chlorine ion. Most of the conventional chemical compositions in K326 B2F tabacco planted in Yuxi region and those planted in Qujing, Dali and Chuxiong were significantly different. The total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine contents of tobacco planted in eastern Yunnan, central Yunnan and western Yunnan were significantly different; while the conventional chemical compositions contents in the tobacco planted in Chuxiong and Dali, which all belong to western Yunnan, showed no obvious significant difference, indicating different ecological environments in large area had a great impact on the tobacco of Yunnan Province. [Conclusion] It revealed the regional characteristics of the conventional chemical compositions in K326 flue-cured tobacco leaves from Yunnan Province, providing references for the cigarette blending and production of high-quality tobacco with characteristics.

Decadal Variability of Global Ocean Significant Wave Height

This paper presents the long-term climate changes of significant wave height(Hs) in 1958–2001 over the entire global ocean using the 45-year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Reanalysis(ERA-40) wave data. The linear trends in Hs and regional and seasonal differences of the linear trends for Hs were calculated. Results show that the Hs exhibits a significant increasing trend of about 4.6 cm decade-1 in the global ocean as a whole over the last 44 years. The Hs changes slowly during the periods 1958–1974 and 1980–1991, while it increases consistently during the periods 1975–1980 and 1995–1998. The Hs reaches its lowest magnitude in 1975, with annual average wave height about 2 m. In 1992, the Hs has the maximum value of nearly 2.60 m. The Hs in most ocean waters has a significant increasing trend of 2–14 cm decade-1 over the last 44 years. The linear trend exhibits great regional differences. Areas with strong increasing trend of Hs are mainly distributed in the westerlies of the southern Hemisphere and the northern Hemisphere. Only some small areas show obvious decreasing in Hs. The long-term trend of Hs in DJF(December, January, February) and MAM(March, April, May) is much more stronger than that in JJA(June, July, August) and SON(September, October, November). The linear trends of the Hs in different areas are different in different seasons; for instance, the increasing trend of Hs in the westerlies of the Pacific Ocean mainly appears in MAM and DJF.

Sino-Western Regional Differences and Translation

Cultuare difference always exists in many aspects. Due to the national characters, regionalism, and times, translation can not be in a position when we try to translate without considering the language culture. Cultural difference between English and Chinese, determines the different features between English and Chinese.

What the Hell Am I Doing Here？ A Look at a Series of Geriatric Centers, Profile of the Institutionalized Persons and Reasons for Admission

The main objective of this study was always to know the profile of the institutionalized people in our environment, to know their reality： age, age of admission, level of dependency and evolution during their stay, years of stay, number of children, reason for admission. We use data from more than 600 patients from different residences of different backgrounds： public and private, lay and religious, rural and urban. We performed a descriptive study expressing the results in percentages with standard deviation and later evaluated the statistical significance of the differences using the student＇s t-test for the quantitative and Chi-square variables to compare qualitative variables. The results of the study are numerous and of diverse nature, because of their extension, from the general profile of the resident, to the important gender differences, attributed in principle to the different roles of each gender in the studied generations. There are also differences depending on the funding, the reason for admission or the environment. This is at the end only the beginning of a large comparative study with non-institutionalized population, in order to compare this population.

Spatial Differentiation of Elements in Soils on Red-Earthy Hill Landscape of Central China

Samples of 21 soil profiles and 165 top soils from an area of approximate 1.5km^2 on red-earthy hill landscape were collected and analysed.The content of Ca,Mg,K,P,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu in soils relate with the kind of parent material and the position of topography,however,there is great variation due to the local difference of the form of soil utilization.From the difference in spatial distribution of elements content,it is believed that eight kinds of elements are lost by chemical leaching and physical translocation,meanwhile some are added (such as Ca,P,K,Mg) and some mobilized (such as Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and P) through cultivation,fertilization and irrigation in the soils on the landscape investigated.The sectional differentiation in abundance or deficiency of elements in top soils on the landscape investigated is distinct,which is important for carrying out agricultural management and reasonable fertilization according to local conditions.

The Importance of Developing Intercultural Awareness in the Business English Classroom

We live in a multicultural world. As a result, we often have to deal with people from a different culture. This is not easy since we may have very different ways of thinking and doing things from the people we meet. What is considered good in our culture may mean opposite somewhere else. The understanding of cultural distinctions is very crucial in the business world. The businessmen/women who have sufficient cultural knowledge are more likely to be successful in building relationship with their business counterparts than those who do not. This is because the ones who possess such precious knowledge tend to be more adept at avoiding misunderstanding and confusion. Considering the significant contribution of understanding cultural differences to successful business endeavor, the teachers of Business English need to equip their students with knowledge and strategies that they can use to cope with cultural diversity. In this paper, the writer discusses some activities that can be used to develop students＇ intercultural awareness.

Trends in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes over Circum-Bohai-Sea Region,China

Trends in temperature and precipitation extremes from 1961 to 2008 have been investigated over Circum-Bohai-Sea region, China using daily temperature and precipitation data of 63 meteorological stations. The re- suits show that at most stations, there is a significant increase in the annual frequency of warm days and warm nights, as well as a significant decrease in the annual frequency of cold days, cold nights, frost days, and annual diurnal tem- perature range （DTR）. Their regional averaged changes are 2.06 d/1 0yr, 3.95 d/10yr, -1.88 d/10yr, -4.27 d/10yr, -4.21 d/10yr and -0.20℃/10yr, respectively. Seasonal changes display similar patterns to the annual results, but there is a large seasonal difference. A significant warming trend is detected at both annual and seasonal scales, which is more contributed by changes of indices defined by daily minimum temperature than those defined by daily maximum tem- perature. For precipitation indices, the regional annual extreme precipitation displays a weak decrease in terms of magnitude and frequency, i.e. extreme precipitation days （RD95p）, intensity （RINTEN）, proportion （RPROP） and maximum consecutive wet days （CWD）, but a slight increase in the maximum consecutive dry days （CDD）, which are consistent with changes of annual total precipitation （PRCPTOT）. Seasonally, PRCPTOT and RD95p both exhibit an increase in spring and a decrease in other seasons with the largest decrease in summer, but generally not significant. In summary, this study shows a pronounced warming tendency at the less rainy period over Circum-Bohai-Sea region, which may affect regional economic development and ecological protection to some extent.

On Difference of Non-language Culture Between China and America

This article expatiates on the functions and features of Sino-American non-verbal communication. It discusses the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, non-verbal communication and culture as well. Furthermore, it analyzes the differences between Sino-American non-verbal communication. It contrasts and demonstrates the following aspects： specific body language, time language, space language and paralanguage. It puts forward some effective strategies, namely, how to get deeper acquaintance with non-verbal communication, how to strengthen cultural mastery and develop the cross-cultural sense and open thought, how to cultivate cross-cultural communicative competence. The article aims to improve the abilities of cross-cultural communication, in order to help both parties of China and America reduce misunderstandings and establish a better relationship.

The Particularity of Identity in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call

This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it is rather a psychological, political, and social amalgamation. Thus, each individual has a unique and particular identity, which is completely different from the others＇. This study is a theoretical and analytical survey of Maalouf＇s Ports of Call. It aims at proving that this novel is an example that Maalouf provides to show the challenges that characters of different identities face, and the obstacles that hinder them from assimilation. The argument is mainly based on Edward Said＇s theories that have opened up discussions about Otherness and multiculturalism, alongside with other postcolonial critics, such as Homi Bhabha. Maalouf＇s book In the Name of Identity： Violence and the Need to Belong （1996） is also integral to this study. The study concludes that it might be possible for people, in parallel with the characters of the novel, to challenge the identity predicament that the world is witnessing nowadays, and accept diversities as a way of life, rather than a reason for waging wars.

Ubuntu： Alterity as a Perspective for Peace

This paper looks for deepening the connections among peace, intercultural dialogue, and communalism in the light of Ubuntu, an ethical concept that emphasizes the alliances constructed between people and the relations established by them, and is seen as fundamental to the African thought of the groups that adopt Bantu languages. It develops an original exercise in diatopical hermeneutics--a methodology proposed by Raimon Panikkar, taking as the main goal to approach the Western ethical and political thought to the epistemic and ontological category of Uhuntu, recognized in the Zulu maxim umuntu n#umuntu npabantu （a person is a person through other persons）. It chooses as the basis of such study some contemporary thinkers as L^vinas, Bauman, Ramose, Chuwa, Kunene, and Nussbaum, who show a common concern with reverting a context of war and disregard of the integrity of human beings, connected to an ethics of alterity, zealous of the values of conviviality and respect for the cultural differences. It reveals the political dimension of Ubuntu and the impacts of this conception on the process of facing the problems of human rights in post Apartheid South Africa. Grounded on such transdisciplinary reflexion, it tries to point through a path to the implementation of policies for peace based on interculturality and communalism within different cultures.

Overhead shoulder press - In-front of the head or behind the head？

Background： Using a cross-sectional design comparison, two overhead press techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） were compared. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of behind the head or in-front of the head overhead pressing technique on shoulder range of movement （ROM） and spine posture. The overhead press is commonly prescribed exercise. The two techniques （in-front of the head or behind the head） may influence joint mechanics and therefore require an objective analysis. Methods： Passive shoulder ROM quantified using goniometric measures, dynamic ROM utilised three-dimensional （3D） biomechanical mea- sures （120 Hz） of 33 participants performing overhead pressing in a seated position. The timing and synchronisation of the upper limb shoulder and spine segments were quantified and influence of each technique was investigated. Results： The in-front technique commenced in lordotic position, whilst behind the head technique commenced in kyphotic position. Behind the head technique started with less thoracic extension than in-front condition. The thoracic spine remained extended and moved between 12~ and 15~ regardless of gender or technique. The techniques resulted in a significant difference between genders. Males were able to maintain a flat or normal lumbar lordosis, whereas females tended to kyphotic. Conclusion： Shoulder ROM was within passive ROM for all measures except external rotation for males with the behind the head technique. To avoid possible injury passive ROM should be increased prior to behind the head protocol. Females showed greater spine movements, suggesting trunk strengthening may assist overhead pressing techniques. For participants with normal trunk stability and ideal shoulder ROM, overhead pressing is a safe exercise （for the shoulder and spine） when performed either in-front of or behind the head.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a novel strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(AF2)

A comparative study on the phenotypic and genetic characteristics among Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （AF2）, a typic strain ATCC23270 and a previously isolated strain AF3 was performed. AF2 can use ferrous ion （Fe^2＋） or elemental sulfur （S^0） as sole energy source, but oxidizes So more effectively than Fe^2＋, which is different from ATCC23270 and AF3. The G＋C content of AF2 is 51.8% （molar fraction）, however, ATCC23270 and AF3 strains have G＋C content of 63.7% and 64.8% （molar fraction）, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization results show that AF2 has 41.53% and 52.38% genome similarity to ATCC 23270 and AF3, respectively, but AF3 has a high genome similarity of 89.86% to ATCC 23270 strain. Rusticyanin （rus） and subunit III of aa3-type cytochrome oxidase （coxC） genes are not detected in AF2, but Fe^2＋ oxidase （iro） gene can be detected. To understand the genomic organization of iro gene, a cosmid library of AF2 genome was constructed and iro gene-containing clone was screened. The sequencing result shows that although the nucleotide sequence of iro gene in AF2 is completely identical to that of ATCC 23270 strain, its genomic organization is different from that of ATCC 23270. In AF2, iro is located at downstream ofpurA gene, while it is located at downstream ofpetC-2 gene in ATCC 23270 strain. These results indicate that AF2 is a novel strain ofA. ferrooxidans, and that phenotypic differences among the strains ofA. ferrooxidans are closely correlated with their genetic polymorphisms.

Analysis of Price and Industry Dynamics of Sustainable and Specialty Coffee in Costa Rica

Volatility of commodity prices has affected dramatically the coffee industry in recent years, particularly small holder farmers. Differentiation of coffee through certification, such as sustainahility and quality attributes, has been proposed as a strategy for protection of the farmers against volatility in the international prices. This research paper evaluated three different models to explore the effectiveness of the differentiation strategies in protecting the farmer against price volatility in recent years, focusing on the case of Costa Rica. Evidence showed important differences in the price dynamics over time when comparing three groups of coffee.

Some Similarities and Dissimilarities in Cultures Between China and English-Speaking Countries

Chinese culture and the culture of English-speaking countries have both similarities and dissimilarities reflected in many aspects of social life, such as naming and greeting, topics of chatting, response connotations of colors, connotations of animals and connotations of translated counterparts which are to praise,

Analysis of Winterbourne in Daisy Miller

Henry James is one of the greatest novelists, who enjoys great reputation in the English literary world. He spent many years in Europe. Fie had deep and subtle insights into the life of the upper class in America and Europe. He experienced the cultural differences between America and Europe profoundly, which was demonstrated in his literary works. Daisy Miller is one of the representative works of Henry James, reveals his ＂international theme＂, the American innocence in face of European sophistication, In D^dsy Miller, Winterbourne is an undeniable protagonist, embodies both narrative and symbolic meaning. Through his narration and his representative features of the sophistication of European culture, we can gradually realize that it is the inevitable collision between new world and old world that leads to the pathetic ending of Daisy Miller.