[Objective] The aim was to explore tobacco varieties which satisfy tobacco formula and is suitable to be grown in ecotopes simultaneously. [Method] Interior and exterior qualities of tobacco were compared and identifi...[Objective] The aim was to explore tobacco varieties which satisfy tobacco formula and is suitable to be grown in ecotopes simultaneously. [Method] Interior and exterior qualities of tobacco were compared and identified based on agronomic and economic characters of tobacco in fields. [Result] Yunshai No.1 was better in both agronomic and economic characters. Specifically, the fragrance was dominated by empyreumatique and aroma; the highly-qualified variety is fragrant and sweet, with little irritation, which gives the tobacco smoke a light, mild flavor. As for Virgini- a934, economic characters were better, but agronomic characters were just ordinary. Similar to Yunshai No.l, dominated by empyreumatique and aroma, the variety was with distinctive resin and herbaceous fragrance. What＇s more, it tasted good with high quality and usability. Cunsanpi was ordinary in agronomic characters, and poor in economic characters, with coordinated quality and chemical composition. It is fra- grant and the smoke is clean. However, the quality was not so high and it tasted not so good. Tengruan No.2 was good in agronomic characters, but poor in eco- nomic characters, which gives delicate fragrance, but not clean enough. Waiweiba and Mijie Qinggeng neither taste well nor smell sweet, performing ordinary in agro- nomic and economic characters. Hence, the two varieties seem bad in quality and ranks poorly. [Conclusion] In terms of sensory quality, the varieties from high to low were Yunshai No.1, Virginia 934, Cunsanpi, Tengruan No.2, Waiweiba and Mijie Qinggeng.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of ...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [method] The tobaccos were divided into two groups treated with two methods and the related indices of treated tobaccos were then measured to evaluate effects of curing methods on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [Result] Tobaccos treated with two methods were all dominated by reddish yellow and yellow; exterior quality differed little. In detail, total sugar and reducing sugar in an average level in three locations were all higher with method A than those with method B, but nicotine and total N were lower; comprehensive chemical components in group with method B proved more appropriate with higher K. In addition, sensory qualities of leaves in moderate and bottom locations were better with method B compared with method A; sensory quality of top leaves was better; comprehensive sensory quality of leaves treated with method B proved better. On the other hand, cost for method A was 2.82 times of method B; the area of sun-curing field was 3.27 times and manage- ment work was 1.77 times, which indicated that method B is low-cost and time-saving, which would be a guarantee of tobacco quality. [Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for rational use of tobacco resources and optimization of sun-curing technology.展开更多
In order to prepare high quality Mo（Si,Al）2 feedstock characterized with C40 phase, higher Al doping amount andexcellent flowability, Mo（Si1-x,Alx）2 with different Al contents （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5） were...In order to prepare high quality Mo（Si,Al）2 feedstock characterized with C40 phase, higher Al doping amount andexcellent flowability, Mo（Si1-x,Alx）2 with different Al contents （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5） were synthesized by self-propagatinghigh-temperature synthesis first and Mo（Si0.6,Al0.4）2 was confirmed as the suitable material through X-ray diffraction analysis. Aseries of tests with different parameters of induction plasma spheroidization were applied to improving the flowability of feedstock.Mo（Si,Al）2 feedstock with excellent flowability （26.2 s/50 g） was prepared through adding hydrogen into sheath gas and decreasingthe powder feeding rate. The composition segregation occurred in the spheroidized powder after Al consumption and oxidation. Theinhomogeneous structure of the same particle was caused by the asymmetric heating and cooling when particle passed through theplasma jet.展开更多
To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the pr...To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.展开更多
The kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） method employs the first several kernel principal components （KPCs）, which indicate the most variance information of normal observations for process monitoring, but m...The kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） method employs the first several kernel principal components （KPCs）, which indicate the most variance information of normal observations for process monitoring, but may not reflect the fault information. In this study, sensitive kernel principal component analysis （SKPCA） is proposed to improve process monitoring performance, i.e., to deal with the discordance of T2 statistic and squared prediction error SVE statistic and reduce missed detection rates. T2 statistic can be used to measure the variation di rectly along each KPC and analyze the detection performance as well as capture the most useful information in a process. With the calculation of the change rate of T2 statistic along each KPC, SKPCA selects the sensitive kernel principal components for process monitoring. A simulated simple system and Tennessee Eastman process are employed to demonstrate the efficiency of SKPCA on online monitoring. The results indicate that the monitoring performance is improved significantly.展开更多
Phytochemical constituents of the shoots and roots extract of chosen eight medicinal plants （Plantago major, Verbesina encelioides, Glinus lotoides, Helotropium supinum, Mentha microphylla, Euphorbia hirta, Juncus su...Phytochemical constituents of the shoots and roots extract of chosen eight medicinal plants （Plantago major, Verbesina encelioides, Glinus lotoides, Helotropium supinum, Mentha microphylla, Euphorbia hirta, Juncus subulatus and Convolvulus arvensis） were estimated using standard qualitative analysis. The extract contained alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, f[avonoids and terpenoids in some medicinal plants while others contain some only of these phytochemical components. Allelopathic effect of the various concentrations of the extracts on the soil algal diversity was also investigated. Wollea saccata was the only algal species disappeared from all applied investigated plant extracts. Phormidium richardsii, Monoraphidium braunii, Eunotia verneris and Nitzschia bilobata were the highly sensitive algal species to all applied shoot and root extract from all tested plants, they disappeared from most of the studied plants. On the other hand, Phormidium animale and Chlorella neustonice were highly tolerant algal species to all applied extracts. Counts of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were decreased by addition of some investigated medicinal plants extracts such as Juncus subulatus, Convolvulus arvensis and Euphorbia hirta. So the authors can use these plants extracts in biocontrol of the nuisance of algal bloom or any other microorganisms. Also, these plants may be useful to recover eutrophic water which needs further investigation.展开更多
Biosensor is an instrument which is sensitive to biological material and converts its concentration into electrical signals.Organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells and so on can selectively identify spec...Biosensor is an instrument which is sensitive to biological material and converts its concentration into electrical signals.Organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells and so on can selectively identify specific substances. Thesemolecular recognition functions can be combined with the target, such as the binding of antibodies and antigens, and thebinding of enzymes to the substrate through the recognition process. Biosensor has the advantages of high specificity,high sensitivity, fast reaction speed, low cost and easy operation. It has wide application prospect in food, pharmacy,chemical industry, clinical examination, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and so on, especially as a newtechnology means, in the field of modern herbal medicine research influence. Studies have demonstrated that thebiosensing technology has been applied to, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） targets, isolation and purification ofTCM, the mechanism of TCM, quality control of TCM, the active ingredients detection of TCM and other basicresearches. Biosensor technology has made an important contribution to the research of modern herbal medicine, and hasbecome a Hot-spot in future research.展开更多
基金Supported by China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd(2010YL02)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore tobacco varieties which satisfy tobacco formula and is suitable to be grown in ecotopes simultaneously. [Method] Interior and exterior qualities of tobacco were compared and identified based on agronomic and economic characters of tobacco in fields. [Result] Yunshai No.1 was better in both agronomic and economic characters. Specifically, the fragrance was dominated by empyreumatique and aroma; the highly-qualified variety is fragrant and sweet, with little irritation, which gives the tobacco smoke a light, mild flavor. As for Virgini- a934, economic characters were better, but agronomic characters were just ordinary. Similar to Yunshai No.l, dominated by empyreumatique and aroma, the variety was with distinctive resin and herbaceous fragrance. What＇s more, it tasted good with high quality and usability. Cunsanpi was ordinary in agronomic characters, and poor in economic characters, with coordinated quality and chemical composition. It is fra- grant and the smoke is clean. However, the quality was not so high and it tasted not so good. Tengruan No.2 was good in agronomic characters, but poor in eco- nomic characters, which gives delicate fragrance, but not clean enough. Waiweiba and Mijie Qinggeng neither taste well nor smell sweet, performing ordinary in agro- nomic and economic characters. Hence, the two varieties seem bad in quality and ranks poorly. [Conclusion] In terms of sensory quality, the varieties from high to low were Yunshai No.1, Virginia 934, Cunsanpi, Tengruan No.2, Waiweiba and Mijie Qinggeng.
基金Supported by China Tobacco Yunnan Indutrial Co.Ltd Scientific Program(2010YL02)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [method] The tobaccos were divided into two groups treated with two methods and the related indices of treated tobaccos were then measured to evaluate effects of curing methods on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [Result] Tobaccos treated with two methods were all dominated by reddish yellow and yellow; exterior quality differed little. In detail, total sugar and reducing sugar in an average level in three locations were all higher with method A than those with method B, but nicotine and total N were lower; comprehensive chemical components in group with method B proved more appropriate with higher K. In addition, sensory qualities of leaves in moderate and bottom locations were better with method B compared with method A; sensory quality of top leaves was better; comprehensive sensory quality of leaves treated with method B proved better. On the other hand, cost for method A was 2.82 times of method B; the area of sun-curing field was 3.27 times and manage- ment work was 1.77 times, which indicated that method B is low-cost and time-saving, which would be a guarantee of tobacco quality. [Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for rational use of tobacco resources and optimization of sun-curing technology.
基金Project (20101101120030) supported by International Graduate Exchange Program of Beijing Institute of Technologysupported by the Research Fund for the doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘In order to prepare high quality Mo（Si,Al）2 feedstock characterized with C40 phase, higher Al doping amount andexcellent flowability, Mo（Si1-x,Alx）2 with different Al contents （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5） were synthesized by self-propagatinghigh-temperature synthesis first and Mo（Si0.6,Al0.4）2 was confirmed as the suitable material through X-ray diffraction analysis. Aseries of tests with different parameters of induction plasma spheroidization were applied to improving the flowability of feedstock.Mo（Si,Al）2 feedstock with excellent flowability （26.2 s/50 g） was prepared through adding hydrogen into sheath gas and decreasingthe powder feeding rate. The composition segregation occurred in the spheroidized powder after Al consumption and oxidation. Theinhomogeneous structure of the same particle was caused by the asymmetric heating and cooling when particle passed through theplasma jet.
文摘To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.
基金Supported by the 973 project of China （2013CB733600）, the National Natural Science Foundation （21176073）, the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education （20090074110005）, the New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-09-0346）, ＂Shu Guang＂ project （09SG29） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） method employs the first several kernel principal components （KPCs）, which indicate the most variance information of normal observations for process monitoring, but may not reflect the fault information. In this study, sensitive kernel principal component analysis （SKPCA） is proposed to improve process monitoring performance, i.e., to deal with the discordance of T2 statistic and squared prediction error SVE statistic and reduce missed detection rates. T2 statistic can be used to measure the variation di rectly along each KPC and analyze the detection performance as well as capture the most useful information in a process. With the calculation of the change rate of T2 statistic along each KPC, SKPCA selects the sensitive kernel principal components for process monitoring. A simulated simple system and Tennessee Eastman process are employed to demonstrate the efficiency of SKPCA on online monitoring. The results indicate that the monitoring performance is improved significantly.
文摘Phytochemical constituents of the shoots and roots extract of chosen eight medicinal plants （Plantago major, Verbesina encelioides, Glinus lotoides, Helotropium supinum, Mentha microphylla, Euphorbia hirta, Juncus subulatus and Convolvulus arvensis） were estimated using standard qualitative analysis. The extract contained alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, f[avonoids and terpenoids in some medicinal plants while others contain some only of these phytochemical components. Allelopathic effect of the various concentrations of the extracts on the soil algal diversity was also investigated. Wollea saccata was the only algal species disappeared from all applied investigated plant extracts. Phormidium richardsii, Monoraphidium braunii, Eunotia verneris and Nitzschia bilobata were the highly sensitive algal species to all applied shoot and root extract from all tested plants, they disappeared from most of the studied plants. On the other hand, Phormidium animale and Chlorella neustonice were highly tolerant algal species to all applied extracts. Counts of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were decreased by addition of some investigated medicinal plants extracts such as Juncus subulatus, Convolvulus arvensis and Euphorbia hirta. So the authors can use these plants extracts in biocontrol of the nuisance of algal bloom or any other microorganisms. Also, these plants may be useful to recover eutrophic water which needs further investigation.
文摘Biosensor is an instrument which is sensitive to biological material and converts its concentration into electrical signals.Organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells and so on can selectively identify specific substances. Thesemolecular recognition functions can be combined with the target, such as the binding of antibodies and antigens, and thebinding of enzymes to the substrate through the recognition process. Biosensor has the advantages of high specificity,high sensitivity, fast reaction speed, low cost and easy operation. It has wide application prospect in food, pharmacy,chemical industry, clinical examination, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and so on, especially as a newtechnology means, in the field of modern herbal medicine research influence. Studies have demonstrated that thebiosensing technology has been applied to, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） targets, isolation and purification ofTCM, the mechanism of TCM, quality control of TCM, the active ingredients detection of TCM and other basicresearches. Biosensor technology has made an important contribution to the research of modern herbal medicine, and hasbecome a Hot-spot in future research.
